基于GF-1遥感影像的宁夏盐池柠条人工林景观特征研究

以宁夏盐池县为研究区,利用高分一号遥感影像和谷歌地球数据,采用监督分类与目视解译结合的方法对柠条人工林进行提取,结合DEM数据和景观生态学方法,分析盐池县柠条人工林的地理分布格局与景观特征。结果表明：盐池县柠条人工林占县域面积的13.18%,斑块数量和面积南北分布差异较大;从地理分布格局来看,柠条林大量分布于高程较低和坡度较缓的地区,地势较高与坡度较大的地区仅有少量小斑块分布;不同乡镇的景观单元特征和景观破碎化程度不同,花马池镇柠条林的斑块景观内部分割较复杂,高沙窝镇的内部斑块连通性更好,麻黄山乡景观破碎化程度较高,高沙窝镇与麻黄山乡柠条林的斑块边界都较为曲折;整体来看,盐池地形平缓、高程较低的中北部以营造防沙治沙型柠条为主,面积大且景观斑块连续,地形陡峭的南部沟壑丘陵区则以营造退耕还林的柠条为主,面积小且景观破碎。     

77份文心兰种质资源表型性状遗传多样性分析

对文心兰77份种质资源的28个表型性状进行测定与评价,通过相关性分析、主成分分析及聚类分析获得其表型遗传多样性.结果表明:21个数量性状的遗传多样性指数均值达1.85,变化区间为1.36～2.07,其中数值最大为株幅(2.07);在7个质量形状中,除叶色性状外的其他表型性状的多样性指数均大于1,均值为1.23,最大表现...     

A SCAR marker linked to the N gene for resistance to root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

The root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are important nematode pests and cause serious diseases in pepper in the world. No molecular markers linked to the nematodes resistance N gene have been reported. In this paper, ‘Carolina Wonder’ (Capsicum annuum L.), a sweet pepper line resistant to root-knot nematode with N gene, ‘20080-5-29’ (C. annuum L.), an inbred line susceptible to root-knot nematode with good horticultural characteristics, and their F₂ progeny with 320 individuals were used as materials. Evaluation of resistance and susceptibility of parental lines, F₁ and F₂ progeny inoculated with root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita) were carried out. ‘Bulked segregant analysis’ method was used to search for polymorphic markers from 512 pairs of AFLP primers. Based on the assessment of resistance and susceptibility and polymorphism of the AFLP marker in F₂ population, the genetic linkage distance between the AFLP marker and the N gene was estimated. One AFLP marker E39/M41-339 was obtained and transferred to a SCAR marker amplifying a 315 bp DNA fragment linked to the N resistant allele and a 331 bp fragment linked to the N⁺ susceptible allele. The distance between the molecular marker and the nematodes resistance N gene is 6.3 cM. This research delivered a valuable tool for the marker assisted selection of nematodes resistance in pepper.     

Effects of acute asphyxia at birth on subsequent heat production capacity in newborn pigs

The effect of acute asphyxia at birth on subsequent ability to produce heat was investigated in 30 newborn pigs. A model of experimentally induced asphyxia consisting of the prevention of breathing within the first four minutes of life was used. Blood was sampled from an umbilical artery catheter within the first 75 minutes of life for blood gas, pH, glucose, lactate and catecholamine analysis. After the treatment and 24 hours later, heat production capacity, shivering intensity and rectal temperature were measured 10 degrees C below thermoneutrality. Effects on blood gas parameters were severe but transient whereas alterations in carbohydrate metabolism were maintained during the first 75 minutes (P < 0.05). Acute asphyxia at birth induced only minor alterations of thermoregulatory abilities during the first day of life: rectal temperature was lower one hour after birth (P < 0.05) and the postnatal increase in heat production capacity was less pronounced than in controls. It is suggested that the lower viability usually reported for piglets suffering from asphyxia during delivery is most likely to result from reduced vigour and colostrum intake, as well as altered carbohydrate metabolism early after birth.     

Hemoperitoneum in horses: 67 cases (1989-2004)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical findings, underlying causes, and short-term outcome associated with hemoperitoneum in horses. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. ANIMALS: 67 horses with hemoperitoneum. PROCEDURES: Medical records of horses with hemo-peritoneum (excluding postoperative abdominal hemorrhage) from 1989 through 2004 were analyzed. Information obtained included history, signalment, physical examination findings, diagnostic test results, and short-term outcome. RESULTS: Breed distribution was 28 Thoroughbreds, 13 Arabians, 10 Quarter Horses, 5 Warmbloods, 3 Appaloosas, and 1 each of 8 other breeds. There were 40 mares, 23 geldings, and 4 stallions. Median age was 12 years (range, 1 month to 40 years). Signs of abdominal discomfort were the primary complaint in 79% of horses. Clinical findings included shock (60%) and pale mucous membranes (60%). Median heart rate was 76 beats/min (range, 30 to 216 beats/min), median respiratory rate was 30 breaths/min (range, 8 to 92 breaths/min), median Hct was 31% (range, 10.5% to 73.0%), and total protein concentration was 5.8 g/dL (range, 3.3 to 8.7 g/dL). Cause of hemoperitoneum was attributed to trauma (25.4%), neoplasia (17.9%), uterine artery rupture (13.4%), mesenteric injury (11.9%), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (6.0%), other causes (3.0%), and idiopathic causes (22.4%). Fifty-one percent of horses survived to hospital discharge, 37% were euthanized, and 12% died. Poor short-term outcome was significantly associated with high respiratory rate and certain underlying causes. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Hemoperitoneum is an infrequent but important cause of abdominal discomfort in horses. Predominant underlying causes were trauma, neoplasia, and idiopathic causes. Identification of underlying cause is important because of its association with outcome.     

中国主要纸产品国际竞争力综合评价

文中在分析中国主要纸产品出口贸易现状的基础上,选取国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显示性比较优势指数测算中国主要纸产品2010-2019年的国际竞争力指数,并采用基于主成分分析的定权方法对纸产品国际市场竞争力进行综合评价。结果表明:主要纸产品国际竞争力较强的芬兰、瑞典和德国位居综合评价前3位,中国主要纸产品综合竞争力经过近10年发展已处于中等偏上水平,仍有改进和提升空间。基于上述研究成果,提出推进人工林速生材高效利用、促进科技创新能力提升和探索"出口转内销"等政策建议。     

基于无人机倾斜摄影技术的黄土丘陵区典型小流域淤地坝特征信息提取与分析

淤地坝现状特征信息的精准提取对于淤地坝运行现状评估十分重要,全面的淤地坝特征信息可为病险坝除险加固提供重要依据,当前淤地坝特征信息提取尚缺乏科学高效的技术。针对此问题,拟提出基于无人机倾斜摄影技术提取淤地坝运行现状特征的方法,以无人机航拍影像为基础数据,生成三维实景模型和高精度DEM,用于淤地坝数目、位置、剩余库容、有效坝高等重要现状信息的提取和测量,进而分析小流域内淤地坝分布、组成结构、坝体信息、淤积程度、坝控流域面积等特征。将此技术应用于陕西省榆林市子洲县蛇家沟小流域,详细提取1座大型坝和3座中型坝的现状特征信息。经过同野外实测数据对比,提取的淤地坝坝体信息相对误差均＜3.8%。所识别的大型坝剩余库容不足,处于基本淤满状态,且坝顶明显沉降,在极端降水条件下具有极大的漫顶溃坝风险。坝地耕作面积占小流域面积比例仅为2.17%,仍有坝地尚未开垦利用。研究结果可为小流域淤地坝动态监测与科学管理提供新方法和新思路。     

Modulation of broilers’ caecal microflora and metabolites in response to a potential probiotic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens

Studies have found that a dietary supplement of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens improved the growth performance, increased the nutrient digestibility of hosts and modulated the intestinal microflora. A total of 360 1‐day‐old Ross broilers were randomly divided into three treatments: a control group with a basal diet, an antibiotic group with a basal diet and added colistin sulphate, and a probiotics group with a basal diet and added Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The HiSeq high‐throughput sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA was used to investigate the differences in birds’ caecal microflora, and metabolomics was used to analyse changes in caecal metabolites. Results showed that the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly improved the BW and ADG compared with the control birds. Results of sequencing indicated that (i) 645, 670, 596 unique operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were found in birds supplemented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens on day 7, 21 and 42, separately, (ii) due to the diversity and relative abundance of the birds’ caecal microflora, the OTUs of the caecal microflora clustered according to age and treatment, except on day 42, (iii) among the six predominate families (Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Lactobacillaceae and Rikenellaceae), the supplementation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens significantly increased Enterobacteriaceae on day 42, (iv) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens increased the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium and Ruminococcus on day 21, increased the Faecalibacterium and Blautia and decreased the Ruminococcus on day 42. The metabolomics of caecal metabolites showed that the dietary Bacillus amyloliquefaciens changed the caecal metabolites involved of amino acid metabolism and glyceride metabolism, and the antibiotics changed the caecal metabolites that were related to carbohydrates and amino acid metabolism on day 21.     

胞壁酰二肽对体外奶牛乳腺上皮细胞生长及胞内NOD2 mRNA表达的影响

【目的】奶牛乳房炎是奶牛养殖业中最为常见,同时也是带来经济损失最为严重的疾病之一,其主要病因是细菌感染。奶牛乳腺的固有免疫是抵抗病原菌入侵的第一道防线。NOD2是机体固有免疫模式识别受体核苷酸结合寡聚域(nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain,NOD)蛋白家族中的重要一员,通过识别其特异性配体胞壁酰二肽(muramyl dipeptide,MDP)——一种广泛存在于革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌细胞壁中的成分,而参与抵抗多种病原菌入侵。奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(bovine mammary epithelial cells,BMEC)除泌乳以外,还是奶牛乳腺的免疫屏障。本试验欲探究MDP对BMEC体外生长状态及胞内NOD2表达量的影响。【方法】选取健康泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛乳腺腺泡为组织原材料,采用胶原酶Ⅰ消化法结合梯度浓度胰蛋白酶纯化法分离BMEC;使用上皮细胞特异性表达的角蛋白-18(cytokeratin-18,CK-18)及成纤维细胞特异性表达的波形蛋白(Vimentin)抗体,通过免疫荧光技术对纯化后获得的细胞进行鉴定;将BMEC设为6个处理组,分别添加浓度为0(空白对照组)、1、5、10、15及20μg·mL~(-1)的MDP,24 h后显微镜下观察细胞状态,同时提取细胞RNA并反转录为cDNA,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测BMEC中NOD2的表达量。【结果】(1)胶原酶Ⅰ消化法结合梯度浓度胰蛋白酶纯化法分离得到的细胞CK-18免疫荧光结果为阳性,而Vimentin反应为阴性;细胞生长状态良好。(2)空白对照组、1、5及10μg·mL~(-1) MDP刺激组的BMEC生长状态良好,无任何肉眼可见变化;15μg·mL~(-1) MDP刺激组可见少量的BMEC脱落;而20μg·mL~(-1)MDP刺激组可见大量BMEC脱落,漂浮,且即使仍贴壁的细胞,其形态也发生了变化。(3)与空白对照组相比,各刺激组细胞NOD2 mRNA的表达量与MDP的刺激浓度呈正相关,即刺激时间为24 h时,随着MDP浓度的增加,BMEC中NOD2受体mRNA的表达量逐渐增加(P0.05)。【结论】成功获得了纯度较好的BMEC,该细胞生长状态良好,可以用于后续试验;虽然BMEC中NOD2受体mRNA的表达量与MDP的刺激浓度呈正相关,但在保持BMEC生长状态正常的前提下,MDP体外刺激浓度应控制在10μg·mL~(-1)以下。这些结果提示我们:当病原菌入侵乳腺时,BMEC可以通过NOD2受体途径参与免疫防御反应,但这种防御能力受细菌数量或毒力强度的影响。即在一定的细菌数量或毒力范围内,随着细菌数量的增加或毒力的增强,奶牛乳腺的免疫防御反应也增强,进而清除外来病原菌;而当细菌数量或毒力强度超过一定范围时,乳腺组织受到严重损伤,免疫防御屏障也随之崩溃,奶牛乳腺局部甚至全身将呈现出明显的临床症状。