番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性特点及遗传连锁分析

番茄抗叶霉病基因Cf19的抗性范围基本涵盖了中国目前分化出的所有叶霉菌生理小种,且抗性显著;台盼蓝染色结果显示该基因介导的抗性应答中出现明显的超敏反应,强度介于Cf4和Cf9基因之间;遗传连锁分析说明该基因的遗传特性符合单基因显性遗传规律;通过进一步SSR和AFLP分子标记连锁分析,共找到6个与Cf19基因连锁的分子标记,并将该基因初步定位于番茄1号染色体短臂区域。     

Genetic analyses of agronomic and seed quality traits of doubled haploid population in Brassica napus through microspore culture

Summary The results showed that the F1 genotype from the cross (Brassica napus cv. Zheshuang 758 × cv. Z-4115) had good response to embryogenesis, and their embryo yield and rate of plant regeneration reached 69.8 embryo/bud and 46.9%, respectively. Characters from the doubled haploid (DH) populations in B. napus were analyzed and it was showed that the means of each agronomic trait were between their parents, but they were nearer to the paternal in 6 agronomic traits (plant height, branch position, number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and number of seeds/pod). The number of genes controlling each agronomic trait was analyzed based on the DH populations. The results showed that the number of genes controlling number of pods in the main raceme was the highest (15.6), and the least number of genes was involved for stem width (only 7.9). According to estimated coefficients of skewness and kurtosis of the traits tested, gene interaction was found to be absent for stem width, plant height, length of main raceme, number of primary and secondary branches, pod density in the main raceme and seed weight/plant. Complementary interaction was also observed in five agronomic traits (number of pods in the main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant, number of seeds/pod and 1000-seed weight). A significantly positive correlation was observed between seed yield/plant and four agronomic traits (length of main raceme, length of pod, number of pods/plant and 1000-seed weight). The experiment also showed that the erucic acid, glucosinolate, oil and protein contents of DH populations were 34.23%, 87.09 μmol/g, 44.09% and 42.67%, respectively. The numbers of genes controlling each quality trait were 7.8, 9.7, 9.4 and 8.7, respectively. Partial correlations between the seed quality traits and the agronomic characters of DH populations were analyzed. In this experiment, the partial correlations among seed quality traits were also analyzed and it was found that the oil content had a negative correlation with the other three seed quality traits.     

小菜蛾对杀螟丹抗性相关序列的代表性差异分析

采用代表性差异分析方法，以小菜峨的敏感品系作为驱赶扩增子，抗杀螟丹近等基因系作为检测扩增子，通过3轮消减杂交得到大小为150—300bp的差异片段，经亚克隆测序并与GenBank等数据库同源比较，发现其中一个亚克隆序列与P450基因有部分同源性，其余亚克隆与已知基因序列的同源性较低，判断这些序列可能是新基因的片段。     

The Application of TDZ in Enhancing Regeneration of Transgenic Plants

At present, transgenic plants are globally grown. Availability of a reliable regeneration system predominantly from a single transformed cell is the prerequisites for gene transfer, but regeneration is still a key problem （Wenzel, 2006）. The application of genetic modification technology in plants is closely related to the efficiency of the regeneration protocol. Shoot formation is oilen enhanced by the combination of auxins and cytokinins. TDZ （Thidiazuron, N-phenyl-N＇-1,2,3-thiodiazol-5-ylurea）, a non-purine, has been shown to promote differentiation of organized centers of growth in cultured tissues at much lower concentrations, and shoot regeneration occurs with an efficiency comparable to or greater than that of other cytokinins （Fiola et al., 1990）. By addition of TDZ, a series of plants which were difficult to culture in vitro or less sensitive to plants growth regulators obtained somatic embryos and regenerated plants, some of them have become the eminent transformation system for genetic engineering. TDZ has been reported to be very efficient in stimulating adventitious shoot production in several recalcitrant plants. TDZ is considered as a potential growth regulator for in vitro shoot regeneration and somatic embryogenesis of several crops. This review summarized how the new growth regulator TDZ to affect the regeneration of transgenic plants.     

Inheritance of Resistance to Pseudomonas solanacearum E. F. Smith in Tetraploid Potato

Inheritance of bacterial wilt resistance in tetraploid potato was investigated in segregating progenies of parent clones with resistance derived from different specific sources and different types of adaptation. A race 1 and a race 3 isolate of Pseudomonas solanacearum were used to test the resistance under warm temperatures. Results obtained indicated partial dominance of resistance. Significant general and specific combining abilities showed that both additive and non-additive gene actions are important in conditioning resistance expression. There was evidence that epistasis is an important component of the non-additive gene action in the inheritance of resistance. Other aspects of the resistance and implications for breeding are discussed.     

基于SRAP标记的玉米自交系遗传多样性与群体结构分析

利用筛选出的31对SRAP引物,对33份玉米自交系进行PCR扩增,采用PopGene 1.23、Structure2.3.3等软件完成玉米自交系遗传多样性和群体结构剖析,为自交系合理利用和杂交组配提供理论依据。结果显示,31对SRAP引物共检测出196个等位变异,平均6.32个;多态性比率40.00%~70.59%,平均为53.08%;基因多样性为0.2156~0.8854,平均为0.5495;PIC为0.1809~0.8976,平均为0.5507。结构分析表明,K=4时,△K值最大,即这些自交系可以划分成4个类群,依次为Reid、旅大红骨、塘四平头与PB群,新选自交系也相应地被划分到这四大类群里,没有独立成群。4个类群中,塘四平头群与旅大红骨群的遗传关系最近,与Reid群遗传关系最远。从系谱的亲缘关系分析,大部分已知自交系其SRAP聚类结果与系谱追踪结果有较好的一致性。     

Transfer of Grain Legume Nitrogen within a Crop Rotation Containing Winter Wheat and Winter Barley

In a crop rotation trial, conducted from 1985 to 1988 at TU-Munich's research station in Roggenstein, the transfer of grain legume nitrogen was evaluated in crop rotations containing fababeans and dry peas as well as oats (reference crop) and winter wheat and winter barley as following crops. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: Dinitrogen fixation by fababeans ranged from 165 to 240 kg N ha¹, whereas N₂-fixation by peas amounted from 215 to 246 kg N ha^?1. In all seasons the calculated N-balance where only grain was removed was positive, with a net gain being on average 106 (peas) and 84 (fababeans) kg N ha^?1. After the harvest of peas 202 kg N ha^?1 remained on the field on average over seasons (158 kg N ha^?1 in the above ground biomass and 44 kg N ha^?1 as NO₃-N in 0–90 cm depth). As compared to peas, fababeans left 41 kg N ha^?1 less due to smaller amounts of nitrogen in the straw. After oats very small amounts of residual nitrogen (33 kg N ha^?1) were detected. After the harvest of grain legumes always a very high nitrogen mineralization was observed during autumn especially after peas due to a close C/N-relationship and higher amounts of nitrogen in the straw as compared to fababeans. In comparison with fababeans, N-mineralization after the cultivation of oats remained lower by more than 50%. During winter, seepage water regularly led to a considerable decrease of soil NO₃-N content. The N-leaching losses were especially high after cultivation of peas (80 kg N ha ^?1) and considerably lower after fababeans (50 kg N ha^?1) and oats (20 kg N ha^?1). As compared to oats, a higher NO₃-N content in soil was determined at the beginning of the growing period after preceding grain legumes. Therefore, winter wheat yielded highest after preceding peas (68 dt ha^?1) and fababeans (60 dt ha^?1) and lowest after preceding oats (42 dt ha^?1). The cultivation of grain legumes had no measurable effect on yield formation of the third crop winter barley in either of the growing seasons.     

木薯后期衰老对淀粉积累的影响

对新选056、南洋红、GR891、辐选01、华南124和新选048六个木薯品种生育后期抗衰老生理和淀粉积累特性进行研究。结果表明:不同木薯品种生育后期抗衰老生理与淀粉积累特性有明显差异,木薯后期茎叶生长状况对块根淀粉积累有明显影响,后期茎叶过早衰老或生长过旺对块根淀粉积累都不利。对抗衰老能力最强的是华南124,其次是辐选01和新选048,抗衰老能力最弱的是南洋红。其中新选056、南洋红、GR891、辐选01、华南124和新选048生育后期叶片过氧化物酶活性分别为383.93△OD470/gFw.min,279.33△OD470/gFw.min,405.20△OD470/gFw.min,445.97△OD470/gFw.min,364.43△OD470/gFw.min和202.20△OD470/gFw.min;丙二醛含量分别为0.0178μmol/gFW,0.0189μmol/gFW,0.0237μmol/gFW,0.0153μmol/gFW,0.0128μmol/gFW和0.0140μmol/gFW;可溶性糖含量分别为0.74%,0.70%,1.02%,0.84%,1.12%和1.30%;自由水/束缚水比值分别为3.07,4.77,6.85,3.64,2.57和3.11;块根淀粉含量分别为29.6%,25.8%,32.8%,32.7%,25.6%和28.9%。     

大豆锈病初次侵染源调查及其作用分析

本调查基本确定了大豆锈病（Phakop-sora pachyrhiza syd）在南方的越冬范围为北纬23°55’以南；经综合分析锈病发生时期、锈病专性寄生性和气流传播特性、栽培葛、野生葛和大豆种植时期、生长季节、锈病发生实况与接种鉴定结果，基本确定南方的栽培葛（Pueraria lobata ohwi）和野葛（P．lobata（wild）ohwi）是大豆锈病病原菌的越冬寄主，其上发生的锈病是本地大豆锈病的主要初次侵染源之一；该区域发生的病原茵成为向北传播扩散的起始源；为今后大豆锈病的监测、预测预报与治理提供了可靠的依据。