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The infestation of sweet cherry trees with Gnomonia erythrostoma has undergone an alarming increase. It leads to minor plant performance and fruit quality and may cause major problems for the fruit farmer up to existential problems. In order to thwart this development the Bavarian State Ministry of Agriculture and Forest Management has funded a three year pilot study to develop an effective control for this disease. Besides laboratory experiments investigating mechanisms of infection, field tests with new fungicides were performed. Our studies show that these fungicides are highly effective to eliminate infections with Gnomonia erythrostoma. In addition these substances have positive side effects such as controlling other diseases like the brown rot caused by Monilia. 相似文献
13.
Wolfgang R Engelsberger Alexander Erban Joachim Kopka Waltraud X Schulze 《Plant methods》2006,2(1):14-11
Strategies for robust quantitative comparison between different biological samples are of high importance in experiments that
address biological questions beyond the establishment of protein lists. Here, we propose the use of 15N-KNO3 as the only nitrogen source in Arabidopsis cell cultures in order to achieve a metabolically fully labeled cell population.
Proteins from such metabolically labeled culture are distinguishable from unlabeled protein populations by a characteristic
mass shift that depends on the amino acid composition of the tryptic peptide analyzed. In addition, the metabolically labeled
cell extracts are also suitable for comparative quantitative analysis of nitrogen-containing cellular metabolic complement.
Protein extracts from unlabeled and from standardized 15N-labeled cells were combined into one sample for joined analytical processing. This has the advantage of (i) reduced experimental
variability and (ii) immediate relative quantitation at the level of single extracted peptide and metabolite spectra. Together
ease and accuracy of relative quantitation for profiling experiments is substantially improved. The metabolic labeling strategy
has been validated by mixtures of protein extracts and metabolite extracts from the same cell cultures in known ratios of
labeled to unlabeled extracts (1:1, 1:4, and 4:1). We conclude that saturating metabolic 15N-labeling provides a robust and affordable integrative strategy to answer questions in quantitative proteomics and nitrogen
focused metabolomics. 相似文献
14.
H. -Joachim Schuberth H. -Udo Rabe Wolfgang Leibold 《Veterinary immunology and immunopathology》1998,60(3-4):409-417
One hundred sixty-four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the second international swine CD workshop were tested for their reactivity with porcine blood mononuclear cells before and after fixing the cells with varying concentrations of paraformaldehyde (PFA) (1, 5 and 10 g l−1). A total of 38 (out of 134) positive reacting mAbs were significantly affected in their binding behavior on fixed cells. Modulation was seen as reduction in binding (staining intensity and/or % positive cells, n=18) or in elevated values (n=20). Modified mAb binding occurred after fixing cells with 5 to 10 g l−1 PFA. 相似文献
15.
Gisela Höflich Erik Tappe Günter Kühn Wolfgang Wiehe 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2013,59(4):323-333
In mehrjährigen Feldversuchen (1990–1995) in Nordostdeutschland wurde der Einfluß selektierter assoziativer Rhizosphärenbakterien auf den Ertrag und die Nährstoffaufnahme bei Mais untersucht. Der Trockenmasse‐ und Kolbenertrag zur Siloreife bzw. der Samenertrag wurde durch die Bakterienstämme Pseudomonas fluorescens (PsIA12), Agrobacterium rhizogenes (A1A4), Rhizobium trifolii (R39) und z.T. durch Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (PsIB2) in den Jahren 1990 bis 1995 auf lehmigen Sandböden wiederholt signifikant, auf sandigem Lehm zum Teil signifikant erhöht. Maissorten können unterschiedlich auf die Bakterieninokulation reagieren. Die Bakterien stimulierten insbesondere bei Jungpflanzen die Wurzelentwicklung und die Nährstoffaufnahme (N, P, K) aus dem Boden. Sie bildeten Phytohormone (Auxine und z.T. Cytokinine) und überlebten, auch unter Feldbedingungen, im Rhizosphärenraum von Mais während der gesamten Vegetation. 相似文献
16.
Wolfgang Schwenke 《Journal of pest science》1966,39(5):65-67
Summary
Calosoma sycophanta L.(Col., Carabid.) andNabis apterus F.(Hemipt., Nabid.) were observed attacking and feeding onLymantria monacha, Bupalus piniarus andDiprion spec.-larvae and pupae in some pine stands in southern and northern Bavaria 1965. It is intended to investigate the two species in regard to their biology and importance for biological control measures. In the present paper the faunistical and biological data known until now are summarized.
Résumé Pendant l'année de 1965 les insectes prédateursCalosoma sycophanta L.(Col. Carab.) etNabis apterus F.(Hem. Nabid.) furent observés comme ennemies deLymantria monacha, Bupalus pinarius etDiprion frutetorum dans quelques forêts de pins en Bavarie. Les connaissances sur la biologie de ces deux espèces en Europe, quoique incomplètes, sont brièvement résumées pour faciliter des recherches futures.相似文献
17.
Christian Hansmann Günther Weichslberger Wolfgang Gindl 《Wood Science and Technology》2005,39(6):502-511
A combination of bulk and surface modification of wood could lead to a product that shows the advantages of both treatments.
This study evaluates the penetration of melamine resin into acetylated and silylated cell walls and possible side effects
of melamine impregnation on this bulk treatment in order to clarify the feasibility of a combination of the chosen bulk modification
(acetylation or silylation) and surface treatments (hardening by melamine modification). UV microscopy confirmed that melamine
resin penetrates into wood cell walls even after acetylation and silylation treatment. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed
that the melamine treatment did not lead to substantial washing out of silyl groups with the silylation reagent used. The
possibility of a combination of the selected bulk and surface modification methods is given. 相似文献
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Charlotte M. Keenan Julia F. Baker Alys E. Bradley Dawn G. Goodman Takanori Harada Ronald Herbert Wolfgang Kaufmann Rupert Kellner Beth Mahler Emily Meseck Thomas Nolte Susanne Rittinghausen John Vahle Katsuhiko Yoshizawa 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2015,28(1):51-53
The INHAND Proposal (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for Lesions in Rats and Mice) has been operational since 2005. A Global Editorial Steering Committee (GESC) manages the overall objectives of the project and the development of harmonized terminology for each organ system is the responsibility of the Organ Working Groups (OWG), drawing upon experts from North America, Europe and Japan.Great progress has been made with 9 systems published to date – Respiratory, Hepatobiliary, Urinary, Central/Peripheral Nervous Systems, Male Reproductive and Mammary, Zymbals, Clitoral and Preputial Glands in Toxicologic Pathology and the Integument and Soft Tissue and Female Reproductive System in the Journal of Toxicologic Pathology as supplements and on a web site – www.goreni.org. INHAND nomenclature guides offer diagnostic criteria and guidelines for recording lesions observed in rodent toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. The guides provide representative photo-micrographs of morphologic changes, information regarding pathogenesis, and key references. During 2012, INHAND GESC representatives attended meetings with representatives of the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER), Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC), and the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Enterprise Vocabulary Services (EVS) to begin incorporation of INHAND terminology as preferred terminology for SEND (Standard for Exchange of Nonclinical Data) submissions to the FDA. The interest in utilizing the INHAND nomenclature, based on input from industry and government toxicologists as well as information technology specialists, suggests that there will be wide acceptance of this nomenclature. The purpose of this publication is to provide an update on the progress of INHAND. 相似文献