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91.
92.
不同植物油对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中共轭亚油酸组成的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为改善牛奶脂肪酸构成,提高乳脂中CLA含量,研究瘤胃液、血浆和乳脂中脂肪酸的代谢规律,探寻提高乳品质的合适途径,本试验以3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的经产荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用3×3拉丁方设计,研究向日粮中添加不同植物油(即葵花油、亚麻油、菜籽油,3种日粮的粗脂肪含量基本相同)对奶牛瘤胃液、血浆中脂肪酸及乳脂中CLA的影响。结果表明:(1)日粮中添加3种不同植物油,葵花油组、亚麻油组乳脂中的CLA比例均显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05),且以葵花油组最高;乳脂中PUFA的比例则是亚麻油组显著高于菜籽油组(P<0.05);(2)3组间血浆中C14∶0、C16∶0、C18∶0的比例差异不显著(P>0.05),菜籽油组C18∶1的比例显著高于亚麻油组和葵花油组(P<0.05),而后两组差异不显著(P>0.05),亚麻油组和葵花油组t11-C18∶1的比例与菜籽油组间差异均达到显著水平(P<0.05),亚麻油组和菜籽油组中C18∶2的比例差异显著(P<0.05);(3)采食添加不同植物油日粮后,瘤胃液中各种脂肪酸动态变化的平均值差异不显著(P>0.05)。总的趋势是随着时间的延长,饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐增加,而不饱和脂肪酸含量逐渐减少。瘤胃液中CLA的比例不同时间点均较低。由本研究可知,在优化奶牛乳脂肪酸构成提高CLA含量方面,以葵花油效果最好。 相似文献
93.
Magnetoelectronics 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
GA Prinz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,282(5394):1660-1663
An approach to electronics is emerging that is based on the up or down spin of the carriers rather than on electrons or holes as in traditional semiconductor electronics. The physical basis for the observed effects is presented, and the initial successful applications of this technology for information storage are reviewed. Additional opportunities for the exploitation of this technology, which are currently under study, are described. 相似文献
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J. M. van der Wolf A. Evenhuis P. Kastelein M. C. Krijger V. Z. Funke W. van den Berg A. F. Moene 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2018,152(3):711-722
Xanthomonas fragariae is the causative agent of angular leaf spot of strawberry, a quarantine organism in plant propagation material in the European Union. Field experiments were conducted to assess the risks for infection of strawberry plants through dispersal of an aerosolized inoculum. In practice, pathogen aerosols can be formed during mowing of an infected crop or by water splashing on symptomatic plants during overhead irrigation or rain. In our experiments, aerosols were generated by spraying suspensions of X. fragariae with a density of 108 cfu ml?1 or water under pressure vertically up into the air. In strawberry plants (cv Elsanta) placed at 1.3, 5 and 10 m distance downwind from the spray boom, infections were found, as evidenced with a combination of dilution–plating and molecular techniques, but more frequently in plants wetted prior to inoculation than in plants kept dry. A logarithmic decrease in infection incidence was found with the distance to the inoculum source. Symptomatic plants were found up to 5 m distance from the inoculum source. No infected plants were found in plants placed 4 m upwind or treated with water. In glasshouse studies, it was shown that under conditions favorable for disease development, spray-inoculation of strawberry plants with estimated densities of X. fragariae as low as 2000 cfu per plant were able to cause symptoms both in cv Elsanta and cv Sonata. Results indicate that there is a considerable risk on infections of strawberry plants exposed to aerosolized inoculum. 相似文献
96.
97.
Repeated monitoring of organic carbon stocks after eight years reveals carbon losses from intensively managed agricultural soils in Western Germany 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Thomas Steinmann Gerhard Welp Andreas Wolf Britta Holbeck Thomas Große‐Rüschkamp Wulf Amelung 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(3):355-366
Past land‐use changes, intensive cropping with large proportions of root crops, and preferred use of mineral fertilizer have been made responsible for proceeding losses of soil organic C (SOC) in the plough layer. We hypothesized that in intensive agriculturally managed regions changes in SOC stocks would be detectable within a decade. To test this hypothesis, we tracked the temporal development of the concentrations and stocks of SOC in 268 arable sites, sampled by horizon down to 60 cm in the Cologne‐Bonn region, W Germany, in 2005 and in 2013. We then related these changes to soil management data and humus balances obtained from farmers' surveys. As we expected that changes in SOC concentrations might at least in part be minor, we fractionated soils from 38 representative sites according to particle size in order to obtain C pools of different stability. We found that SOC concentrations had increased significantly in the topsoil (from 9.4 g kg?1 in 2005 to 9.8 g kg?1 in 2013), but had decreased significantly in the subsoil (from 4.1 g kg?1 in 2005 to 3.5 g kg?1 in 2013). Intriguingly, these changes were due to changes in mineral‐bound SOC rather than to changes in sand‐sized organic matter pools. As bulk density decreased, the overall SOC stocks in the upper 60 cm exhibited a SOC loss of nearly 0.6 t C (ha · y)?1 after correction by the equivalent soil mass method. This loss was most pronounced for sandy soils [?0.73 t SOC (ha · y)?1], and less pronounced for loamy soils [?0.64 t SOC (ha · y)?1]; silty soils revealed the smallest reduction in SOC [?0.3 t SOC (ha · y)?1]. Losses of SOC occurred even with the overall humus balances having increased positively from about 20 kg C (ha · y)?1 (2003–2005) to about 133 kg C (ha · y)?1 (2005–2013) due to an improved organic fertilization and intercropping. We conclude that current management may fail to raise overall SOC stocks. In our study area SOC stocks even continued to decline, despite humus conservation practice, likely because past land use conversions (before 2005) still affect SOC dynamics. 相似文献
98.
Benjamin L. Turner Aleksandra W. Bielnicka James W. Dalling Jeffrey A. Wolf 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(21):2378-2386
Boron detection in soil extracts by inductively-coupled plasma optical-emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) can be influenced by iron interference, particularly in strongly weathered tropical forest soils. Boron concentrations in Mehlich-III extracts of 230 soils under lowland tropical forest in Panama were markedly overestimated at the most sensitive ICP-OES wavelength (249.772 nm) compared to a less sensitive but interference-free wavelength (208.957 nm) due to iron interference. Hot-water extracts contained insufficient iron to interfere in boron detection, but boron quantification in total element digests was affected strongly by iron interference at 249.772 nm. The relationship between boron overestimation and iron was used to correct a database of 300 Mehlich-III extractable boron measurements made at 249.772 nm for soils from a large forest dynamics plot. We recommend that boron measurements in tropical forest soils by ICP-OES should use the less sensitive 208.957 nm wavelength to avoid interference by extracted iron. 相似文献
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J. M. van der Wolf B. H. de Haas R. van Hoof E. G. de Haan G. W. van den Bovenkamp 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,138(4):695-709
TaqMan assays were developed for the detection of seven Dickeya species, namely D. dianthicola, D. dadantii, D. paradisiaca, D. chrysanthemi, D. zeae, D. dieffenbachiae and D. solani. Sequences of the gene coding for dnaX were used for the design of primers and probes. In studies with axenic cultures of bacteria, the assays were highly specific and only reacted with strains of the target species, and not with non-target bacteria, including those belonging to other Dickeya species and other genera. The detection thresholds for DNA extracted from pure cultures of target strains ranged from 10 to 100 fg. The TaqMan assays for D. dianthicola and D. solani were more extensively evaluated as part of a method validation procedure. The threshold level for target bacteria added to a potato peel extract diluted ten-times in a semi-selective broth, was strain dependent and ranged from 1,000 to 100,000 cfu/ml. The coefficients of variation for repeatability and reproducibility were low and results were largely independent of the type of substrate, i.e. potato tuber or carnation leaf extracts. However, during routine testing of seed potatoes, false-positive reactions were found with the assay for D. solani. The use of the TaqMan assays for inspection of plant propagation material, ecological studies and studies on the effect of control strategies in disease management strategies is discussed. 相似文献