灵芝中肿瘤细胞凋亡诱导剂的研究

灵芝水提物（LZ）对8种肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用具有剂量依赖关系.通过透析和离子交换凝胶过滤层析方法从LZ中分离出活性组分LZ-DN-2-2和LZ-DW-2-a-3.LZ、LZ-DN-2-2 和LZ-DW-2-a-3可剂量依赖地诱导SW620细胞凋亡,使细胞增殖周期停滞于G0期.     

THE CORRELATION OF CANINE PATELLAR LUXATION AND THE ANTEVERSION ANGLE AS MEASURED USING MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGES

Measurements from magnetic resonance (MR) images can be used to examine the anteversion angle (AT-angle) and its influence on the lateromedial or mediolateral luxating forces on the patella. The AT-angle of the femoral neck was measured with the aid of MR imaging in 45 pelvic limbs without patellar instability, in 33 limbs with patellar luxation and in 6 limbs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. The limbs with medial patellar luxation were divided into three groups based on clinical examination. The mean (range) AT-angle was 7.6 degrees (0 degrees to 24 degrees) in the "normal" group, 8.6 degrees (-10 degrees to 29 degrees) in the group "grade II," and -0.4 degrees in the group "grade III" (-28 degrees to 12 degrees). A mean (range) AT-angle of 4.8 (-4 degrees to 11 degrees) was measured in the pelvic limbs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament. Compared to literature that described AT-angles based on radiographs of normal limbs, reduced AT-angles were found in this study due to different lines of measurement of the femoral neck. This study documents that the AT-angle of the femoral neck does not influence patellar instability. This study also demonstrates that MR images can be used to make exact measurements of the canine AT-angle that represent the true anatomy of the femoral neck.     

Zoonoses transmitted by mouse and rat maintained as laboratory or pet animals

Large numbers of mice (Mus spp.) and rats (Rattus spp.) are maintained for scientific reasons and as pet animals in Germany. While laboratory animals are monitored for pathogenic agents, the hygienic status of pet animals is usually completely unknown. Despite great efforts, zoonotic infections were reported even in laboratory settings, e.g. with Hantavirus (Seoul virus), Streptobacillus moniliformis, and Trichphyton mentagrophytes. However, in current reports, zoonotic infections were transmitted by mice and rats maintained as pet animals. This includes infections by Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, Leptospira interrogans, Streptobacillus moniliformis, Salmonella enterica, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, and Ornithonyssus bacoti. Furthermore, entero-hepatic Helicobacter spp. of rats and mice are currently discussed to be involved in the etiology of hepatobiliary diseases. Pasteurella spp. of mice and rats do not present a risk for human disease comparable to those species that are transmitted by dogs or cats and might induce serious disease after bites. Altogether, this article lists potential zoonotic agents that were detected in mice and rats and are present in Germany, as well as agents that were reportedly transmitted by mice and rats maintained as laboratory or pet rodents.     

Interaction of Maximum Daily Trunk Shrinkage and Fruit Quality in European Plum

Maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) has been suggested as an appropriate indicator of plant water status because it is closely related to stem water potential. Interaction of MDS and fruit quality was studied in plum (Prunus domestica L. ‘Jojo’/Wavit and ‘Tophit plus’/Wavit) in temperate climate. According to the MDS data, trees were grouped as low MDS (LMDS) and high MDS (HMDS). Fruit quality was analysed during fruit development (95, 103, 117 DAFB for ‘Jojo’ and 99, 112, 121 DAFB for ‘Tophit plus’) before commercial harvest. Fruit picked at commercial harvest (137 DAFB and 140 DAFB for ‘Jojo’ and ‘Tophit plus’, respectively) were stored at 2 ± 0.5?°C (90 ± 2% RH) for 28 days, and 2 days shelf life at 20?°C providing 6 measuring dates postharvest. Results confirmed that MDS was positively correlated with water vapour pressure deficit also in the apparent temperate, semi-humid climate. Transpiration of fruit from high crop load and resulting HMDS trees, which can be assessed as physiologically drought, was low compared to that of fruit from LMDS trees. Furthermore, HMDS tree grown plums had enhanced soluble solids and dry matter contents with a tendency of reduced fruit size.     

Experimental infection of domestic cats with passaged genotype I Bartonella henselae

The influence of in vitro passage on Bartonella henselae pathogenesis in cats has not been thoroughly evaluated. Our objective was to examine the bacterial kinetics and humoral immune responses in cats experimentally infected with three different in vitro passages of B. henselae F1, a genotype I strain of feline origin. The F1 strain was in vitro passaged 20 and 40 times, and each was inoculated into a group of 5 cats. The kinetics of bacteremia and the feline humoral immune response to bacterial antigens were compared to a previous study involving a group of six cats inoculated with the original F1 strain. Among the three groups of cats, the kinetics of bacteremia profiles and the humoral immune responses to B. henselae lysates were similar. The influence of passage on bacterial membrane proteins was examined. In vitro passage altered the expression of 4/17 (23.5%) bacterial membrane proteins and 6/15 (40%) bacterial membrane antigens. An association between poor seroreactivity to three lysate antigens (15-, 18- and 45kDa), prolonged bacteremia and decreased serum bactericidal activity was noted. Our data show that in vitro passage of B. henselae did not alter the kinetics of bacteremia, including the occurrence of relapsing bacteremia, in experimentally infected cats. This suggests that highly passaged strains may not be suitable for future vaccination studies. Furthermore, in vitro passage results in phenotypic and antigenic changes in the bacterial membrane protein profile, which warrants caution in the interpretation of studies involving passaged B. henselae strains.     

Nachernte-Behandlung von Äpfeln mit Calciumchlorid

From 2003 to 2006 the efficacy of post-harvest dips in calcium chloride solution was investigated for apples. Aim of these investigations was to find out the influence of different factors on the Ca-uptake of apples after harvest. The Ca-uptake of the fruit was influenced by following factors:

• the calcium chloride concentration of the dip solution,
• the duration of the dip,
• the duration of fruits' wetting,
• the apple cultivar,
• the addition of a wetting agent and
• the maturity of the fruit.

To get an appreciable Ca-uptake, the addition of a wetting agent is necessary. For a dip time of two minutes calcium chloride concentrations of 7 or 7.5% are needed. Apparently injuries of the apple skin don't appear. An elongation of the dip time or the duration of wetting increased the Ca-uptake. Cultivar and maturity of the fruit affect the Ca-uptake. The increase of the Ca-content can proved only close to the apple skin (skin to 2?cm depth).     

Das Potential von Apfel-Birne-Hybriden für die Kernobstzüchtung

Hybrids of apple and pear have been bred and described before, however no vital and fertile ones were found which could have been used for pome fruit breeding. Lately, the authors studied the putative hybrid bred by M. Zwintzscher in the eighties at genetic, physiological, and phenotypical levels and found it to be a true hybrid. Unlike other reports on such hybrids, this one allowed breeder H. Schimmelpfeng in the nineties to yield an offspring of five F2 plants from it as maternal plant. The F2 plants are meanwhile flowering and regularly set fruits. Three of the sister F2 lines seem to possess potential as cultivars. These vital and fertile hybrids offer the opportunity to combine various parts of the pear genome with the apple genome by classical breeding, introducing new genetic factors into the latter and enabling breeding with these. With such partial genomes of pear non-host-resistances of pear against specific apple pathogens like apple scab (Venturia inaequalis) or new genes for biosynthesis of aroma compounds could be introduced by crosses. A new project to establish such a F3 generation is presented here.