Regulation by growth hormone of number of chondrocytes containing IGF-I in rat growth plate

Whether growth hormone stimulates longitudinal bone growth by a direct effect at the site of the growth plate or indirectly by increasing the concentration of circulating somatomedins (insulin-like growth factors) has been the subject of controversy. Immunohistochemical methods were used to explore the localization and distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) immunoreactivity in the epiphyseal growth plate of the proximal tibia of male rats. Cells in the proliferative zone of the growth plate of normal rats exhibited a bright immunofluorescence, whereas cells in the germinal and hypertrophic zones stained only weakly. In rats subjected to hypophysectomy, the number of fluorescent cells was markedly reduced. When the hypophysectomized rats were treated with growth hormone, either systemically or at the site of the growth plate, the number of IGF-I-immunoreactive cells in the proliferative zone was increased. The results show that IGF-I is produced in proliferative chondrocytes in the growth plate and that the number of IGF-I-containing cells is directly regulated by growth hormone. These findings suggest that IGF-I has a specific role in the clonal expansion of differentiated chondrocytes and exerts its function locally through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms.     

水稻整米率稳定性的估计

本文提出了测定水稻品种对环境稳定性的一个新参数,采用这一参数对美国加利福尼亚州多年多点的水稻品种整米率进行稳定性分析的结果表明,稳定性与熟期类型在统计上有一定的相关性,即整米率稳定性依晚熟品种、早熟品种、特早熟品种而顺序降低,回归分析说明整米率的稳定性有随整米率的提高而增加的趋向,本文还讨论了稳定性系数的优点和局限性。     

The social construction of production externalities in contemporary agriculture: Process <Emphasis Type="Italic">versus</Emphasis> product standards as the basis for defining “organic”

The analysis distinguishes two types of standards for defining organic produce; process standards and product standards. Process standards define organic products by the method and means of production. Product standards define organic by the physical quality of the end product. The National Organic Program (NOP) uses process standards as the basis for defining organic. However, the situation is complicated by agricultural production practices, which sometimes result in the migration of NOP prohibited substances from conventional to organic fields. When this interaction alters the value of the product or the costs of production, a production externality is said to exist. Defining organic using process, rather than product standards, influences the burden and character of production externalities. The NOPs emphasis on process standards reduces the likelihood that production externalities will emerge.B. James Deaton is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Business and Agricultural Economics, University of Guelph, Canada. His research examines environmental and natural resource issues. He is particularly interested in the manner in which laws, rules, and standards influence environmental quality, natural resource use, and economic development. Additional research examines the relationship between different forms of private property and economic development, public support for various criteria used to preserve farmland, and the social construction of production externalities in agriculture. Prior to his PhD training, he worked on economic development projects in Lesotho (Southern Africa) and the Appalachian region of eastern Kentucky.John P. Hoehn is a Professor of Environmental and Natural Resource Economics in the Department of Agricultural Economics, Michigan State University. His teaching and research activities address environmental and natural resource policies, benefit-cost analysis of environmental improvements, methods for valuing non-market goods, improved institutions for protecting, managing, and using environmental resources, and the economics of ecological resources. He teaches core courses in the departmental and university-wide graduate programs in environmental and resource economics.     

黑龙江省水稻生产机械化区划的研究

本文应用模糊聚类分析的数学方法,将黑龙江省划分为五个水稻生产机械化区,并分别提出了发展提要。     

不同启动子调控下的t—PAcDNA乳腺定位表达

乳清酸蛋白 (WAP)和 β -酪蛋白 (β -Casein)是哺乳动物乳汁中的主要蛋白质 ,其基因 5′侧翼区常作为乳腺定位表达的调控序列。表达载体pSVL -WAP -tPA和pSVL - βb -tPA分别含 1.1kb的大鼠WAP启动子和 0 .6kb的牛β Casein启动子序列及t-PAcDNA。采用基因直接注射方法将 2种表达载体分别注入家兔乳腺中。溶圈试验结果显示 ,两种表达载体均能在兔乳腺细胞中得到表达 ,且以分娩后第 4天的乳汁中表达水平最高 ,分别为 45 0ng·mL-1和390ng·mL-1。为进一步研究t-PA基因乳腺定位表达调控和建立t-PA乳腺生物反应器奠定了基础。     

Simulating Agricultural Conversion to Residential use in the Hudson River Valley: Scenario Analyses and Case Studies

Land use changes threaten agricultural land. If agricultural land is going to be preserved, the social and economic causes of conversion must be understood. However, analyzing the causes of agricultural conversion is complex because trends need to be documented before analyzing the causes. One of the leading uses of agricultural land is for residential purposes. This paper projects residential development in a Hudson River Valley watershed within Dutchess County in New York State using an integrated modeling framework consisting of an econometric model, a geographic information system (GIS), and Monte Carlo simulation. The econometric model is used to project residential development, providing parcel-specific probabilities of residential development. The GIS is employed to extract socio-economic and county-level tax parcel data to be used in conjunction with bio-geophysical attributes, such as slope, soil, and location, to calculate and project growth trends on a residential level for undeveloped land parcels. Monte Carlo simulation is used to distribute these projections into the GIS to display outcomes of scenario analyses to provide policy-makers a demonstration of how policies would likely affect the agricultural landscape of the watershed. John M. Polimeni is an Assistant Professor of Economics in the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences at the Albany College of Pharmacy in Albany, New York. Dr. Polimeni received a PhD in Ecological Economics and a BS in Mathematics at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His professional interests include: quantitative economics, spatial and regional economics, land use change, economic development, and graduate education in Ecological Economics. He is currently working on linking ecological economics with the laws of thermodynamics and neuroeconomics into one unified model.     

氮肥形态及揭膜对烤烟生长及产量品质的影响

通过大田试验,研究了不同形态氮素配比及揭膜时期对烤烟生长发育以及产量、品质的影响。结果表明:(1)烤烟大田所使用的氮肥形态以铵态氮和硝态氮各50%配比,烟株在移栽初期生长优势明显,上等烟的比例较高;(2)烟田揭去地膜后,其揭膜效应在烟株移栽后60d表现出来,这样有利于后期上部叶开秸开片,提高烤后烟叶上等烟比例、均价和产值。     

江苏省土壤钾素平衡与解决缺钾的途径

随着江苏省农业生产的发展，土壤钾素越来越入不敷出，土壤钾素含量下降，平均每年下降２．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ。本文从土壤钾素平衡入手，分析了江苏土壤钾素收支情况，针对钾肥资源十分紧缺的现状，提出解决缺钾的途径。     

Prevention of translational frameshifting by the modified nucleoside 1-methylguanosine

The methylated nucleoside 1-methylguanosine (m1G) is present next to the 3' end of the anticodon (position 37) in all transfer RNAs (tRNAs) that read codons starting with C except in those tRNAs that read CAN codons. All of the three proline tRNA species, which read CCN codons in Salmonella typhimurium, have been sequenced and shown to contain m1G in position 37. A mutant of S. typhimurium that lacks m1G in its tRNA when grown at temperatures above 37 degrees C, has now been isolated. The mutation (trmD3) responsible for this methylation deficiency is in the structural gene (trmD) for the tRNA(m1G37)methyltransferase. Therefore, the three proline tRNAs in the trmD3 mutant have an unmodified guanosine at position 37. Furthermore, the trmD3 mutation also causes at least one of the tRNAPro species to frequently shift frame when C's are present successively in the message. Thus, m1G appears to prevent frameshifting. The data from eubacteria apply to both eukaryotes and archaebacteria.