禽流感病毒和其他禽类病毒在环境中和胴体堆肥期间的生存

在过去的25年,尽管禽流感、新城疫和其他重要的禽类病毒性疫病暴发过多次,但在面对疫病危机时,多把问题集中在环境中病毒的生存状况.本综述主要探讨禽流感病毒(AIV)和新城疫病毒(NDV),而其他禽类病毒和哺乳动物类病毒只作为比较目的之用.AIV和NDV在呼吸道和下消化道繁殖,在粪便中这些病毒的滴度很高.……     

Evidence for degradation of abnormal prion protein in tissues from sheep with scrapie during composting

This study investigated whether the abnormal prion protein (PrP(Sc)) in tissues from sheep with scrapie would be destroyed by composting. Tissues from sheep naturally infected with scrapie were placed within fiberglass mesh bags and buried in compost piles for 108 d in experiment 1 or 148 d in experiment 2. The temperature in the compost piles rose quickly; it was above 60 degrees C for about 2 wk and then slowly declined to the ambient temperature. Before composting, PrPSc was detected in all the tissues by Western blotting. In experiment 1, PrPsc was not detected after composting in the tissue remnants or the surrounding sawdust. In experiment 2, 1 of 5 specimens tested negative after composting, whereas PrP(Sc) was detected in the other 4 bags, though in reduced amounts compared with those before composting. Tissue weights were reduced during composting. Analysis of the tissue remnants for microbial 16S ribosomal DNA demonstrated that there were more diverse microbes involved in experiment 1 than in experiment 2 and that the guanine and cytosine content of the microbial 16S DNA was higher in the specimens of experiment 1 than in those of experiment 2, which suggests greater dominance of thermophilic microbes in experiment 1. These results indicate that composting may have value as a means for degrading PrP(Sc) in carcasses and other wastes.     

外墙渗漏原因及防渗措施

本文时建筑施工中外墙渗漏的质量通病进行了归纳和总结,并结合多年实践经验从技术及经济角度提出了防治措施     

皖西白鹅血液生化参数和肌肉组织形态的测定

选择农户饲养的 70日龄皖西白鹅 40只 (寿霍白鹅和舒城白鹅各 2 0只 ) ,对其血液生化参数和肌纤维直径及肌纤维密度等基础数据进行测定 ,同时比较分析了 2种类型皖西白鹅血液生化参数和肌纤维直径及肌纤维密度间差异。结果表明 ,寿霍白鹅的肌酐、尿酸、葡萄糖含量、总胆固醇、碱性磷酸酶、肌酸激酶、α 淀粉酶等生化参数显著低于舒城白鹅 (P <0 0 1或 0 0 5)。但寿霍白鹅的尿素氮含量显著高于舒城白鹅 (P <0 0 1 )。研究数据为皖西白鹅种质研究、选种繁育提供了科学依据     

The Establishment of AS-PCR Method to Distinguish Canine Distemper Asia-I Type Wild Strains and Vaccine Strains

Canine distemper (CD) is a contagious disease, which can damage the immune system, respiratory system, digestive system, and even nervous system, leading to systemic pathological changes, and has a huge threat to pet dogs, fur animals, etc. At present, the commonly used colloidal gold test cannot effectively distinguish vaccine immunity from animal natural infection. To establish an efficient and accurate detection method for identifying wild strains and vaccine strains of canine distemper virus(CDV), the whole genome of six canine distemper wild strains isolated from dogs and three widely used CDV vaccine strains collected from Wuhan area were sequenced. After comparing and analyzing the amino acid and the base sequences, the H gene was determined as the target gene for AS-PCR primer design. By genotyping the H gene, it was found that the prevalent CDVs in Wuhan were all Asia-Ⅰ, while the vaccine strain Y2 was America-I, and the vaccine strains Y1 and Y3 were both America-Ⅱ. Comparing the CDV-H gene sequences of 179 Asia-Ⅰtypes (6 wild-type strain samples + 173 GenBank Asia-Ⅰtype stains) and 3 vaccine strains, using AS-PCR technology (3'mismatch) to design a pair of primers. It can effectively distinguish CDV Asia-I wild strain and vaccine strain. The upstream primer sequence is 5'-TTAATATAATAATGACAGTG-3', and the downstream primer sequence is 5'-CCTCAAGGGGCACA-3'. The results showed that the primer had a strong specificity and the wild strains could amplify an 894 bp fragment, while the vaccine strains could not. There are 9 more regular bases (amino acids) variation sites in H gene of wild strain, and the 277th amino acids of all vaccine strains are Asparagine. These mutations may lead to an increase in N-glycosylation sites, which will have an impact on the virulence of canine distemper virus vaccine strains. The AS-PCR method established in this study can effectively distinguish the canine distemper vaccine and Asia-Ⅰwild strains.     

鲜蛋真空杀菌防腐保鲜技术的研究

采用EVSPT贮藏保鲜方法.在108 d贮藏保鲜过程中,测定蛋的干耗率、气室高度、蛋黄指数(YI)、蛋白pH值、浓厚蛋白高度、哈夫单位(H·U)、细菌总数(BT)等指标,实验各组均具有明显的效果,尤其是实验Ⅱ组,达108 d时,仍具有较好的鲜度,食品品质符合国家标准GB 2749-81的规定.     

中药“乳炎散”治疗慢性乳房炎效果好

1 “乳炎散”的药剂煎制：将金银花100克、蒲公英100克、连翘60克、黄连35克、花粉55克、赤芍45克、当归45克、贝母45克、白芷45克、皂刺45克。混拌均匀。加水2千克浸泡60分钟，放于火炉上烧沸后，将炉火调至文火煎熬40分钟，即制成。将熬制好的药液，加入250毫升白酒，分装入啤酒瓶中灌服。每间隔12小时灌服1副，一般2－3次，即可痊愈。2 方解金银花、连翘、薄公英、黄连具有清热解毒功效；贝母、花粉、白芷、皂刺可消热，散结透脓；赤芍、当归，可活血化瘀。“乳炎散”通过对奶牛的生理调节，疏通气血脉络，以提高奶牛自身免疫力，以消除…     

应用RAPD技术对香菇融合菌株进行遗传鉴定

本文应用RAPD技术与聚类分析方法,对香菇细胞融合菌株F1及亲本S1、465进行遗传分析.根据DNA扩增的指纹图谱,估算融合子与亲本的DNA相似系数并构建遗传相关性聚类图.结果表明,RAPD技术与聚类分析方法可应用于香菇细胞融合菌株的遗传鉴定.     

我国木材的节约与代用问题

在森林资源严重不足,急需保护的背景下,木材代用受到新的关注。对我国社会产品材料结构的落后和木材加工利用中的严重浪费进行分析,认为应庄大力发展人工用材林的同时强调木材节约,而笼统强凋木材代用,在重要的利用方向上排除木材利用,提倡以不可再生材料代替木材是不可取的。     

国际森林和林产品认证的现状和展望

近十几年来,随着森林可持续经营的发展,世界森林和林产品认证体系相继建立,世界自然基金会等国际组织和许多国家成立了森林和林产品认证机构,并逐步开展了森林和林产品的认证工作.我国的森林认证工作起步较晚,但在国家林业局的大力支持下,发展较快.文中介绍了国际森林和林产品认证的作用、现状及展望.