乳腺分泌物中体细胞的研究进展

不同物种的乳腺分泌物中含有的细胞成分被称为体细胞,其中包括淋巴细胞、白细胞、巨噬细胞和上皮细胞。物种、乳腺感染情况、不同生理阶段和饲养管理条件等因素均会影响乳中的体细胞数量和细胞类型。近年来,乳中体细胞得到了人们的关注和深入研究,显示出广阔的应用前景。人们利用从初乳和常乳中得到的乳腺上皮细胞已经成功进行了乳腺细胞的原代培养和建立了乳腺细胞系,为乳生成、被动免疫转移和乳腺癌的研究提供了良好平台。体细胞中提取的RNA代表了乳腺组织的基因表达,因此为研究乳腺组织的基因表达提供了方便、良好的来源。     

Influences of coculture with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on dopaminergic neurons in brain slice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpytidinium

AIM: To study the protective effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on damaged dopaminergic neurons induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpytidinium(MPP+).METHODS: The parkinson disease(PD) models were established in newborn rats. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) obtained from adult bone marrow were cultured, isolated and purified. MSCs were co-cultured with brain slice and the immunohistochemical technique, electron microscopy, propidium iodide staining were used to observe the changes of neurons. RESULTS: In the MPP+ treatment group, the neurites grew slowly and sparsely, dead cells were found in all regions. In the co-culture group, the neuritis grew densely, only a few cells were dead, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-stained neurons increased and the structure of organellae was normal. CONCLUSION: MSCs may protect dopaminergic neurons against damage induced by MPP+. These results provide some data for cell transplantation therapy to Parkinsons disease.     

Porcine surfactant in treatment of LPS-induced early-stage acute lung injury in rats

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of intratracheal instillation of porcine pulmonary surfactant (PPS) in rats with lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced early-stage ALI in this study.METHODS: SD rats weighing 200 g-300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups: LPS (1.5 mg·kg-1)+saline,LPS+PPS 100 mg·kg^-1,LPS+PPS 150 mg·kg^-1,LPS+PPS 200 mg·kg^-1.The PaO₂ and PaCO₂,as well as survival rate of rats were examined for 6 h after the start of PPS-instillation.Then,rats were killed and lungs were immediately removed for lung index (LI) and histological analysis.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for measurement of total protein (TP) contents,TNF-α level and white blood cell(WBC) numbers.RESULTS: Significantly increased PaO₂,reduced mortality rate,decreased total protein and TNF-α contents in BAL,as well as lung index and meliorated histological appearance were observed in three PPS-treated groups compared with group given saline after LPS (P<0.05).The therapeutic effect in PPS150 and PPS200 groups was better than that in PPS100 group.CONCLUSION: Intratracheal PPS instillation provides protective effect on acute lung injury in rats induced by LPS.     

实验性鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变研究

通过光镜1电镜等方法对鸡马立克氏病羽髓组织进行了形态学研究。结果显示，羽髓远端坏死，羽髓中有多量肿瘤细胞浸润，肿瘤细胞呈弥漫性或局部性浸润，电镜观察，肿瘤细胞核异型性明显，核膜凹陷，核内出现假核内包含物，在一些羽髓中，巨噬细胞吞噬肿瘤细胞较多见，而且观察到一些肿瘤细胞发生调亡，结果表明，鸡马立克氏病羽髓病变十分明显，羽髓的形态学变化可用于鸡马立克氏病的诊断。     

野茼蒿黄脉病毒的田间寄主范围及其基因多样性特征

为明确野茼蒿黄脉病毒(Crassocephalum yellow vein virus,CraYVV)的田间寄主范围及其群体基因结构特征,分别采用克隆和测序技术对采自云南省西双版纳傣族州、红河哈尼族彝族自治州的7种杂草和2种作物进行CraYVV的分离和鉴定,并通过生物信息学软件对分离到的CraYVV进行基因组结构、重组及基因遗传结构分析。结果显示,在赛葵、龙葵、臭牡丹、水茄、豨莶、野茼蒿和一点红7种杂草以及茄子和草莓2种作物中均分离到CraYVV,共获得20条CraYVV全长序列;CraYVV所有分离物分属2个株系,将其命名为YJ株系和JH株系;JH株系具有地理隔离特征,与YJ株系存在一定的遗传距离;重组分析显示,CraYVV是由烟草曲茎病毒(tobacco curly shoot virus,TbCSV)和云南烟草曲叶病毒(tobacco leaf curl Yunnan virus,TbLCYnV)重组产生;遗传结构分析显示,CraYVV中C1基因变异最显著,其次是C4基因和基因间隔区。表明CraYVV能侵染5科9种杂草和作物,具有较广的寄主范围,且菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒能够侵染草莓、CraYVV能够侵染茄子,显示来源于杂草的菜豆金色花叶病毒属病毒在自然条件下能够侵染作物。     

三种基因型羽衣甘蓝筛选适合叶绿体转化材料

以3种不同基因型的羽衣甘蓝品种"皱叶红心"、"白鸥"和"红鸥"为试材,以MS培养基为基础培养基,分别添加不同质量浓度的6-BA、NAA、IBA激素,筛选不同品种真叶叶片不定芽的诱导频率,同时确定不同材料对除草剂双丙氨膦和抗生素壮观霉素的致死临界质量浓度,为羽衣甘蓝的叶绿体转化研究筛选受体材料。结果表明:影响羽衣甘蓝叶片诱导不定芽因素中,激素质量浓度的影响比品种的影响更大;当诱导培养基中的6-BA质量浓度为1.0mg/L、NAA质量浓度为0.1mg/L时,诱导效果最佳,是3个品种的最适培养基;按照由高到低的顺序排列,3个品种的不定芽诱导率依次为"红鸥"、"白鸥"和"皱叶红心",因此择优利用品种"红鸥"作为后续转基因研究的受体材料;分别利用双丙氨膦和壮观霉素的不同质量浓度梯度进行筛选,研究二者对"红鸥"品种叶片分化的影响,发现双丙氨膦和壮观霉素的最低抑制质量浓度分别为4mg/L和50mg/L。该研究结果对今后利用叶绿体遗传转化技术改良羽衣甘蓝品种提供了技术支持。     

柴达木盆地半荒漠放牧绵羊钙、磷营养状况的研究

从青海海西州茶卡种羊场随机抽取10只青海半细毛羊,采集空腹颈静脉血样分析其血钙、血磷、血清碱性磷酸酶和羟脯氨酸等一系列反映钙磷营养的敏感生化指标,测定系骨组织的稳定化学指标。结果表明,4月、8月、10月绵羊血清钙分别为1.90mmol/L,2.24mmol/L和2.06mmol/L,均低于绵羊血钙正常范围下限;血清无机磷为3.04mmol/L,3.42mmol/L和2.70mmol/L,均在正常范围内;骨中钙/灰分8月和10月测定值低于正常值;骨磷/灰分3次测定值均高于正常值;骨钙/磷夏季(1.71∶1)最高,秋季(0.84∶1)最低,都小于正常参考值2∶1。由此可见:柴达木盆地半荒漠放牧绵羊钙处于不足状态,磷素基本能满足机体需要。     

石灰岩地区土壤水分对木豆表型可塑性的影响

研究了土壤相对含水量分别为27．65％,19．47％,12．14％和7．66％水分条件下木豆(Cajannus cajan)幼苗生长和形态的表型可塑性。结果表明：木豆幼苗的根、叶、茎生物量以及株高、冠幅直径都在土壤相对含水量为12．14％的条件下最高;随着土壤含水量的增加,分配到枝和根的生物量随之增加,分配到叶的生物量减少;当土壤相对含水量从7．66％升到12．14％时,须根数目增加,土壤相对含水量再提高时,情况则相反。这些结果说明木豆幼苗的适宜水分生态位是较干旱的土壤环境,木豆幼苗通过器官生物量分配和形态结构调整来适应干旱胁迫。     

小灵猫定点排粪及即时取食的驯化研究

为探索小灵猫人工驯养繁殖技术,对小灵猫生态行为进行观察研究,结果表明,小灵猫的某些野性可通过人为引导加以改进,向有利于人工养殖的方面发展,并成功地引导其定点排粪及投食后即时取食。