策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带两个建群种阻沙能力对比研究

以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘策勒绿洲-沙漠过渡带为研究区,在区域内确定了一个100 m×500 m的骆驼刺-花花柴-柽柳植物群落样地,随机选择了67株疏叶骆驼刺和67株花花柴植株,对每株植物及其沙堆形态参数进行测量,对比分析两个建群种草本植物形态和沙堆形态特征及其相互关系与植物的阻沙能力。结果表明：两种灌草丛植物地面植株平均高度和沙堆的平均高度均相近,但骆驼刺灌丛的平均冠幅面积和冠幅体积,分别是花花柴灌丛的近1.8倍;灌丛沙堆的平均底面积和体积,分别是花花柴沙堆的近1.7倍和2.0倍。骆驼刺灌丛沙堆形态参数间的相关性明显高于花花柴沙堆,骆驼刺灌丛沙堆的底面积及体积的增长幅度较花花柴大。总体而言,骆驼刺灌丛具有更强的空间占有能力,对地表的防护作用面积大,植物个体阻沙能力强。但在两种植物生长的早期阶段,花花柴则显示出较强的阻沙性能,说明不同生长阶段两种植物的阻沙能力大小存在差异。     

以不同蚜虫为食的龟纹瓢虫生长发育和繁殖规律研究

本文使用不同蚜虫（棉花型棉蚜、瓜型棉蚜、高粱蚜、豆蚜和绣线菊蚜）和不同蚜虫种类混合群体（棉蚜：高粱蚜=1：3、棉蚜：高粱蚜=1：1、棉蚜：高粱蚜：3：1）饲喂龟纹瓢虫的幼虫和成虫,观察其生长发育与繁殖规律。试验结果表明,不同蚜虫饲料中以饲喂高梁蚜时龟纹瓢虫的世代历期最短,为15d,其它的在17．4～19d;10d的单雌累计产卵量最多为143粒;成虫鲜重最高,雌虫为8．93mg,雄虫为6．58mg,其他4种蚜虫饲料间没有显著差异。饲喂不同蚜虫种类混合群体比单一饲喂高粱蚜时1龄幼虫的存活率有显著提高。综合考虑,高梁蚜是龟纹瓢虫的最佳食物,在低龄幼虫期辅以饲喂棉蚜,更有利于龟纹瓢虫种群数量增加。     

Modifying Myxococcus xanthus protoporphyrinogen oxidase to plant codon usage and high level of oxyfluorfen resistance in transgenic rice

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (Protox) of Myxococcus xanthus (Mx Protox) is a 49-kDa membrane protein that catalyzes conversion of protoporphyrinogen IX (Protogen IX) into protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX). Upon heterologous expression in transgenic rice plants, Mx Protox is dually targeted into plastids and mitochondria, increasing resistance against the herbicidal Protox inhibitor oxyfluorfen. Here, we describe the chemical synthesis of the Mx Protox gene by assembling several small synthetic DNA fragments derived by ligation-PCR. Codon usage in the resulting 1416-bp gene was modified to correspond to that of the Arabidopsis Protox gene, a change that resulted in a decrease in G+C content from 71 to 49%. The modified Mx Protox gene was used to generate transgenic rice plants via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Integration, expression, and inheritance of the transgenes were demonstrated by Southern, Northern, and Western blot analyses. In plants transformed with the modified, low G+C-content Mx Protox gene, levels of Protox expression and enzyme activity were low compared to the levels observed for plants transformed with the native Mx Protox gene. Nonetheless, like the native gene, the modified gene conferred a high level of resistance to the herbicide oxyfluorfen in a seedling growth test.     

Characterization,phylogenetic analyses and pathogenicity of Bipolaris setariae associated with brown stripe disease on sugarcane in Yunnan,China

Brown stripe disease is a severe foliar fungal disease of sugarcane worldwide and is widespread in all sugarcane planting areas in China. Brown stripe is a major disease that seriously affects the output and quality of the sugarcane industry in Yunnan Province, China's second-largest sugar base, while the pathogen of this disease remains not yet fully understood. To address this, we isolated and identified the fungi associated with 68 leaf samples showing typical symptoms of brown stripe from 22 sugarcane varieties in different areas of Yunnan Province. A total of 113 isolates were obtained, which were morphologically similar. Of these, 64 representative isolates were sequenced for the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), GAPDH and EF-1α loci. All representative isolates grouped with the type strain of Bipolaris setariae in the phylogenetic trees inferred with individual and concatenated sequences of ITS, GAPDH and EF1-α. Pathogenicity test results showed that B. setariae strains were able to induce typical symptoms of brown stripe. The results obtained in this study clarify that only B. setariae is associated with sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, China. It is recorded here for the first time as a pathogen causing sugarcane brown stripe in Yunnan, and it is able to infect many major cultivars and new varieties, posing a new threat to the sugar industry in Yunnan Province. In addition, these results provide the scientific basis for the future breeding of disease-resistant varieties and effective prevention and control of sugarcane brown stripe disease.     

河南省烟草病毒的小RNA测序检测

To identify viruses in Henan tobacco-planting areas, from 2015 to 2017 and 2019, 288 symptomatic tobacco samples were collected and then subjected to small RNA sequencing. Results showed that at least 7 viruses were detected from these samples which including four previously reported viruses, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), potato virus Y (PVY) and tobacco vein banding mosaic virus (TVBMV). Other three viruses, wild tomato mosaic virus (WTMV), brassica yellows virus (BrYV), and cycas necrotic stunt virus (CNSV) were firstly detected in Henan province. However, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV) were not detected from these samples. In addition, CMV, TMV, PVY, TVBMV, and BrYV were the dominant viruses infecting tobacco in Henan Province.     

农民接触农药防护措施及对机体影响的研究

了解农民接触农药时采用的防护措施及对机体的影响,对合格对象进行流行病学问卷调查及精液检测,发现农民在配、喷农药及检修喷药器械时未能安全合理使用防护措施;受教育程度与接触农药防护态度有关;长期小剂量接触农药对不稳定细胞有损害。建议为减少或避免农药中毒,政府应加强对农民进行农药基本知识、安全合理使用的宣传教育、推广和普及;增强农民遵守安全操作规程的自我保护意识。     

新疆温宿盐丘国家地质公园地质遗迹资源及综合评价

新疆温宿盐丘国家地质公园是我国批准的第六批国家地质公园,通过对地质公园周边地质遗迹资源的研究,证实园区拥有全世界独一无二的奥奇克葫芦状盐丘底劈构造遗迹,丰富多彩的流水侵蚀地貌与北方喀斯特地貌,及十分珍稀的雅丹地貌景观遗迹。这些丰富多彩的地质遗迹景观为规划建设一个以盐丘地质景观为主,罕见的岩石与构造地貌为辅,特色鲜明的地质公园提供了条件。     

Effects of quinestrol and levonorgestrel on populations of plateau pikas, Ochotona curzoniae, in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

BACKGROUND: Plateau pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae , Hodgson, 1858) are viewed as a pest in the Tibetan Plateau meadow ecosystem when their population densities are high. Traditional culling using rodenticides often poses a high risk to non‐target species and even to humans. In this study, an investigation was made of the infertility effects of quinestrol (E), levonorgestrel (P) and a combination of the two (EP, ratio E:P = 1:2) on plateau pikas during 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Treatment with E or EP significantly decreased the pregnancy rate of female pikas in 2007. In 2008, there was a cross‐year effect that still suppressed male reproduction in treated groups. Treatment with E obviously reduced the reproduction of pikas but not their population abundance in 2007; the reduction in population size was significant in 2008. CONCLUSIONS: Single baiting of quinestrol in early breeding season reduced the reproduction and population size of pikas throughout 2007. The effect of infertility lasted into the next breeding season through a cross‐year effect, which resulted in a significant reduction of population size in 2008. Quinestrol is a very promising non‐lethal approach to managing pika populations; however, several factors need to be investigated further to improve the practicality of this method. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同条件下韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种活性抑制的研究

研究了不同温度、pH值、杀虫剂和杀菌剂的影响下,韭菜汁对香蕉枯萎病菌4号小种的抑制作用,以确定韭菜汁在不同条件影响下对病菌的活力。结果表明,在试验的各温度处理后,55℃以上的温度对韭菜汁的成分有破坏作用,菌落的生长受到显著影响。韭菜根汁对病菌孢子的抑制作用不受pH值的影响。酸性至弱碱性情况下,韭菜茎汁对病菌孢子萌发的抑制率为100%;在强碱性条件下,韭菜茎汁中物质的活性促进了孢子的萌发。供试杀虫剂和杀菌剂对韭菜汁的成分无明显破坏作用。     

红火蚁卵、幼虫和蛹发育起点温度和有效积温研究

在22、25、28、31、34℃下研究了红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Buren)工蚁卵、幼虫和蛹的发育历期、发育起点温度和有效积温。结果表明,红火蚁的发育历期受温度影响显著,随着温度的升高,各虫态发育历期缩短;幼虫的发育历期最长,其次为蛹,卵的历期最短。红火蚁工蚁卵、幼虫和蛹的发育起点温度分别为19.2℃、20.1℃和18.4℃,有效积温分别为66.7日·度、119.0日.度和99.1日·度。