动物核酸疫苗研究近况

核酸疫苗已显示出强大的优越性和生命力,其发展前景巨大。随着研究的不断深入,核酸疫苗的作用机制也在不断地被阐明。外源目的基因的选择、载体的选择、接种组织的预处理等都是影响着核酸疫苗在体内表达的主要因素。由于核酸疫苗具有常规疫苗所没有的优点,但同时核酸疫苗也存在一些尚未解决的问题。随着人们对核酸疫苗的不断改进,相信核酸疫苗无论是在疾病预防还是基因治疗中,将起着更加重要的作用     

农业从业者的收益风险及其防范策略研究

农业从业者与其他行业的从业者一样面临着收益风险。笔者探讨了农业从业者的4种主要收益风险类型和收益风险的防范现状,指出了现存防范措施的不足,提出通过制度建设和技术创新2个方面入手完善,我国农业从业者的风险防范。     

贫瘠丘陵地短轮伐期薪材树种生长过程的研究

尾叶桉、细叶桉、赤桉、粗皮桉、巨桉（简称桉树类，下同）和马占相思、粗果相思及薄果相思（简称相思类，下同）等８个树种，在水土严重流失的贫瘠丘陵地经７年的生长试验，结果表明：除巨桉和细叶桉在该立地生长较缓慢外，其余６个树种生长快，产量较高。尤其是尾叶桉和马占相思，７年生胸径年均生长量在１．０ｃｍ以上，单位面积生物量（地上部分鲜重，下同）为５２．６９ｔ／ｈｍ２和４３．６７ｔ／ｈｍ２。不同树种的生长比较：桉树类树种（除巨桉外）４年生以前胸径、树高和生物量生长均比相思类树种生长快，４年后相思类树种逐渐赶上或超过桉树类树种。性状生长高峰期分别为：胸径桉树类为２年生（细叶桉１年生）、相思类为３～４年生，树高桉树和相思类均为１年生，生物量桉树类为２～３年生、相思类为４～６年生。     

抑制“萨蔓莎”月季切花弯颈及保鲜技术初探

结果表明，用６－ＢＡ，ＧＡ３，ＳＴＳ和８－ＨＱＣ进行预冷及预热处理，及瓶插综合处理，可明显提高“萨蔓莎”月季切花的瓶插品质和延长寿命，并避免了弯颈现象。特别是用Ｃｏ２＋，Ｃａ２＋及Ａ１３＋等离子处理，其抑制弯颈效果最显著。还讨论了上述组分的保鲜生理作用。     

羽叶决明代木栽培鸡腿菇的物质转化

研究羽叶决明(Chamaecrasta nictitans)代木栽培鸡腿菇(Coprinus ovatus)对其绝对生物学效率、基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质纤维素转化的影响.结果表明,羽叶决明牧草替代60%木屑(A60)栽培鸡腿菇的绝对生物学效率最高,均为10.77%.覆土前和采收后的基物失重和呼吸消耗都以A0(CK)为最高,分别为11.47%、11.47%和31.75%、25.55%,其木质素转化率也最高,为79.21%;纤维素转化率以A100(羽叶决明牧草替代100%木屑)为最高,达50.93%;半纤维素转化率以A40(羽叶决明牧草替代40%木屑)为最高,为49.74%.回归分析结果表明,绝对生物学效率和半纤维素转化率与替代比例呈抛物线相关,而基物失重、呼吸消耗及木质素、纤维素转化率与替代比例呈线性相关.     

整地施肥对尾叶桉生长效应的研究

整地施肥试验结果表明，全垦，带垦和穴垦３种整地方式及施肥对尾叶桉造林成活率和保存率均没有显的影响，这３种整地处理加上施肥，对促进尾叶桉生长均能取得理想的效果，５年生材积，施肥是不施肥的９．８倍，全垦和带垦整地虽然在一定程度上促进了林木的生长，但在贫瘠的立地上，加施肥料才能达到速丰产经营目的，整地和施肥间的交互作用不明显，施肥对尾叶桉的促进作用可延至５年以后。     

刚果12号桉施肥效应研究

在贫瘠低丘上对刚果１２号桉进行不同肥料配合和不同用量的施肥试验，结果表明ＮＰＫ，ＮＫ，ＮＰ和ＰＫ配合施用的能极显著地促进刚果１２号桉的生长，５年生时蓄积比对照分别增加１９．４０，１８．４５，１６．４０，１５．０５ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２，Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ肥单施的蓄积比对照纷别增加５．３０，５．２５，４．８０ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２肥料的配合施用极显著地优于Ｎ，Ｐ，Ｋ单施，材积的增长量随施肥量的增加而增加。     

Seasonal variations in photosynthesis of Picea morrisonicola growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan

From January 1999 to May 2001, we investigated seasonal variations in the photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola Hay.) growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan (23 degrees 29' N, 120 degrees 53' E, 2600 m a.s.l.). Photosynthetic capacity (near light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, Pnsat, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and soluble protein concentration of needles all increased from mid or late spring to early winter. Even when minimum air temperature of the measuring day dropped to near 0 degrees C, Pnsat remained at about 20% of the highest value observed in winter. There was a curvilinear relationship between Fv/Fm and the minimum or mean air temperature of the measuring day. The increase in Fv/Fm with temperature was slowed when the daily mean air temperature was above 7 degrees C, or the minimum air temperature was above 3 degrees C; however, when air temperatures dropped below these values, Fv/Fm varied sharply. Seasonal variations in Pnsat paralleled those in Fv/Fm and needle soluble protein concentration. In early or mid spring when air temperature and Fv/Fm increased, Pnsat and soluble protein concentration remained low. Multiple regression analysis showed that seasonal variations in Pnsat were affected by Fv/Fm, air temperature and needle soluble protein concentration, and the multiple regression equation could be used to estimate Pnsat in different seasons. We conclude that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce in winter and its subsequent recovery in spring were mainly caused by photoinhibition and its reversal, and changes in needle soluble protein concentration. Another possible explanation for the delayed recovery of photosynthetic capacity in spring may be associated with the slow increase in needle soluble protein concentration.     

裂叶红麻的光合器官数量性状与麻皮产量相关性分析

对６个裂叶红麻品种（系）不同光合器官的数量性状与干皮产量作了相关分析。结果表明总叶数、７裂叶数及麻皮长和麻皮宽的光合器官之间及与干皮产量之间的相关都是显著的，而圆叶数、３裂叶数及５裂叶数与干皮产量相关不显著。总对数、７裂叶数及麻皮长的数量性状其广义和狭义遗传力都很低．表明主要光合器官的表现易受环境影响，注意选择圆叶数性状可能有助于培育高产品种。