Effects of the dietary protein levels and the protein to energy ratio in sub‐yearling Persian sturgeon,Acipenser persicus (Borodin)

A 3 × 4 factorial design was used to evaluate the dietary protein requirement and to determine the optimum dietary protein to energy (P/DE) ratio in sub‐yearling Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus, reared in the indoor system. Twelve experimental diets (₄₀P₁₆, ₄₀P₁₇, ₄₀P₁₈, ₄₀P₁₉, ₄₅P₁₉, ₄₅P₁₇, ₄₅P₁₈, ₄₅P₁₉, ₅₀P₁₆, ₅₀P₁₇, ₅₀P₁₈ and ₅₀P₁₉) were formulated and prepared to contain three protein levels (40%, 45% and 50%) and four digestible energy levels (16, 17, 18 and 19 kJ g^?1 diet) at each protein level. Fish averaging 103.3 ± 3.5 (mean ± SD) were fed one of the experimental diets for 14 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, there were significant energy effects (P < 0.05) on weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR). Weight gain and SGR tended to decrease, although non‐significantly, with increase in dietary protein levels. Furthermore, there were significant protein and energy interaction effects on WG, SGR, hepatosomatic index and protein efficiency ratio. However, there were no significant dietary protein, energy or their interaction effects on feed efficiency for fish fed all diets. Weight gain and SGR of fish fed ₄₀P₁₉ were significantly higher than those of fish fed ₄₀P₁₆, ₄₅P₁₆, ₄₅P₁₇, ₅₀P₁₆ and ₅₀P₁₇ diets (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in WG and SGR among fish fed ₄₀P₁₇, ₄₀P₁₈, ₄₀P₁₉, ₄₅P₁₈, ₄₅P₁₉, ₅₀P₁₈ and ₅₀P₁₉ diets. These results may indicate that the optimum dietary protein requirement and the P/DE ratio could be 40% protein and 22.0 mg protein kJ^?1 (₄₀P₁₈), respectively, in Persian sturgeon, based on growth performance and feed utilization.     

畜禽粪便堆肥用翻抛机的研究现状与展望

堆肥发酵是利用畜禽粪便等农业废弃物生产有机肥的一个关键环节,翻抛机作为提高堆肥发酵效率和质量的重要设备,具有巨大的发展潜力。为此,对翻抛机的类型和关键部件进行了介绍,分析了国内外翻抛机的研究现状与发展趋势,为畜禽粪便堆肥用翻抛机的进一步研究提供了依据。     

Long-term evaluation of extruded diets compared with raw fish moist diet for growing Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf)

A long‐term experiment was conducted in sea cages to compare three experimental extruded pellet (EP) diets with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli (Hilgendorf). White fishmeal (WFM), soybean meal (SM) and fishmeal analogue (BAIFA‐M?)‐based experimental EP diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isocaloric with 50% crude protein (CP) with available energy of 16.7 kJ g^?1 diet. An MP diet made of 80% frozen horse mackerel + 20% commercial binder meal was also included in the experiment. The proportions of the major protein ingredients in three experimental EP diets were as follows: WFM diet, 100% WFM; SM diet, 70% WFM + 30% SM; BAIFA‐M? diet, 70% WFM + 30% BAIFA‐M?. The experiment was divided into three periods according to fish size: period I, initial weight of 20.2 ± 3.6 g (mean ± SD); period II, initial weight of 57.6 ± 4.7 g (mean ± SD); period III, initial weight of 96.3 ± 6.9 g (mean ± SD). There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, thermal‐unit growth coefficient, specific growth rate, haemoglobin, or haematocrit among fish that were fed the four diets during all three periods. However, fish that were fed the MP diet had a lower survival rate than the fish that were fed the other three EP diets for all periods. These results strongly suggest that EP diets could be developed to replace MP diet for the grow‐out stage of production of Korean rockfish without adverse effects on growth performance.     

草鱼尾鳍组织二倍体细胞系GCCF-2的建立及其部分生物学特性分析

本文从草鱼尾鳍组织建立了一个二倍体细胞系GCCF-2。该细胞系用TC-199培养液加15％小牛血清培养。细胞生长旺盛,最高分裂指数达30.04‰。现已在体外培养近92个月。细胞在28℃生长良好。染色体检查表明,GCCF-2为二倍体细胞系。初步估计其细胞周期为21—33小时。GCCF-2对草鱼呼肠弧病毒(GCRV)敏感,并在细胞中发现病毒颗粒。     

“苏蟹一号”F3代选育群体生物学特性分析

经过连续3代的群体选育,"苏蟹一号"F3代选育群体呈现长江水系河蟹特征,表现出优质、高产、抗逆等优良经济性状。F3代选育群体雌蟹呈现二元分化,平均体重为150g、120g,雄蟹平均体重150g。11月上旬的养殖河蟹雌性群体可食部分分别占体重的35.05%、36.78%,雄性群体为29.56%。雌蟹肥满度、成熟系数、性/肝指数分别为0.54、9.69%、155.47%,0.55、10.51%、166.58%;雄蟹分别为0.59、2.31%、41.48%。雌蟹可食部分蛋白质含量21.62%、20.85%,脂肪含量10.37%、8.43%、氨基酸含量19.07%,、19.83%;雄蟹分别为15.20%、7.05%、13.78%。     

农业非点源污染国内外研究进展

农业非点源污染正日益成为水体富营养化最主要的污染源,并已成为当前限制我国经济可持续发展的重要因素。笔者从农业非点源污染物迁移转化机制、非点源污染物的防控机制、非点源污染模型模拟、农业非点源污染研究中的尺度问题等方面对国内外研究进展进行了论述。提出我国非点源污染研究需在以下方面有所加强：（1）非点源污染物耦合作用下的运移;（2）转化机理及其界面行为过程机制研究;（3）不同空间尺度和格局农业非点源污染物的迁移转化规律;（4）适合我国不同区域特色的非点源污染机理模型研究。     

猴头菌提取物对大鼠胃粘膜损伤保护作用的研究

用三种不同主式得到的猴头菌提取物(猴头菌子实体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体粗多糖、猴头菌菌丝体全提物)对乙醇致大鼠胃粘膜损伤的治疗作用进行研究。结果表明,当以等原生药量计时,子实休机多糖疗效最明显,菌丝体全提物次之,菌丝体粗多糖较差,溃疡抑制率分别达70.8％、51.4％和41.5％;当以等多糖含量计时,则三个样品的疗效接近,溃疡抑制率达到60％左右。这进一步证实猴头菌多糖是猴头菌保护大鼠胃粘膜的主要活性物质。     

采煤沉陷对土壤侵蚀与土地利用的影响预测

中国新建和将建的煤矿区主要集中分布在生态脆弱的晋、陕、蒙区,生态环境压力大。正确预测采煤沉陷引发的人为加速土壤侵蚀与土地利用变化,可为生态脆弱煤矿区的生态恢复和重建提供依据。该文采用RS、GIS为手段进行信息提取和图形叠加,结合类比法和专家咨询法等,研究了山西大同塔山矿采煤沉陷引发的土壤侵蚀和土地利用的变化。结果表明：1)采煤后88.80%土地发生不同程度的沉陷。2)沉陷后土地年土壤侵蚀总量增加42.32～79.05万t,单位面积年侵蚀量增加了246.01～464.56 t/km²,侵蚀模数为2321.78～4335.64 t/(km²·a),部分地块沉陷后土壤侵蚀强度上升了一个等级。3)地表移动变形产生的裂缝、陷坑、塌方或小滑坡等,使农用地被分割而破碎、地块变小,其中,沉陷后旱地最小斑块面积为7.72 m²,有林地最小斑块面积为72.95 m²,灌木林地最小斑块面积为6.71 m²,疏林地最小斑块面积为75.79 m²,中覆盖度草地最小斑块面积为14.81 m²,低覆盖度草地最小斑块面积为9.44 m²。局部裂缝密集带,可造成土地毁坏。4)除工交用地和居民点用地外,原地貌沉陷后土地利用率,较原地貌降低10%的比例为14.05%,降低10%～20%(含10%)的比例为85.18%,降低20%(含20%)以上的比例为0.77%。     

改进微波装置辅助提取猕猴桃根三萜类化合物的研究

应用单因素试验、析因试验和响应面分析法等统计学方法,对自行设计的可以同时控制温度的微波装置辅助提取美味猕猴桃根中具有保肝作用的三萜类化合物的工艺进行了深入研究。试验结果表明：在微波功率一定的情况下,乙醇浓度、提取温度和提取时间的影响最显著,优化得到最佳微波辅助提取工艺参数为乙醇浓度63%,温度47℃,时间为30 min,一次提取率可达85.13%。经验证试验证明,该方法是一种实用的提取方法。     

亚洲玉米螟大量饲养中微孢子虫病控制技术

利用与人工饲料相混合的方法，比较了不同剂量的烟曲霉素B对亚洲玉米螟微孢子虫病的控制效果。结果表明，烟曲霉素B453、565和683μg/g的剂量处理都显著降低了亚洲玉米螟微孢子虫病的感染率和感染强度。食药1代时，幼虫和成虫感染率分别比对照平均减少44．4％—61．1％和41．7％—50％，其感染强度都由原来的严重感染分别下降为轻度感染。幼虫存活率、化蛹率、成虫繁殖力也均显著高于对照。连续处理3代饲喂烟曲霉素B对玉米螟生长发育没有不利影响，对微孢子虫病的控制作用随处理世代数的增加亦有增加的趋势。不同剂量的烟曲霉素B处理间的防效差异不显著，453μg/g可作为亚洲玉米螟大量饲养中控制微孢子虫病的推荐剂量。