龟鳖废水处理系统中细菌群落组成及动态变化

为了优化废水处理系统的菌群结构,提高水质净化效率,实验采用高通量测序技术对龟鳖废水处理系统的细菌群落组成进行分析,同时对细菌群落和废水水质进行相关性分析.结果显示:不同处理单元中的菌群结构存在显著差异,在门分类水平上,各处理单元的主要细菌类群为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacte-roidot...     

Guanine-cytosine contents of the host and symbiont cDNA in a symbiotic coral

ABSTRACT:   Hermatypic (reef-building) corals harbor dinoflagellate endo-symbionts Symbiodinium spp. In studying gene expression in such symbiotic corals, problems arise regarding how to distinguish the coral and symbiont mRNA, and how to estimate their fractions in the mRNA population of the holobiont (symbiotic complex of the coral and Symbiodinium cells). In this study, these issues were addressed using juveniles of hermatypic coral Acropora tenuis in symbiosis with Symbiodinium cells of strain PL-TS-1. First, the guanine-cytosine (GC) contents were determined in expressed sequence tags (EST) from PL-TS-1 cells cultured in vitro and symbiont-free larvae of A. tenuis , and their average GC contents were found to be significantly different. The average GC content of the EST from the holobiont was much closer to that of A. tenuis larvae, suggesting that the majority (>90%) of mRNA isolated from the holobiont originated in the host. In protein-coding sequences, little overlap was observed between the GC-content distributions of PL-TS-1 cells and A. tenuis larvae. All of the coding sequences ( n  = 59) found in the A. tenuis EST had GC contents below 0.5, whereas the GC content exceeded 0.5 in the majority (43/44) of coding sequences from the nuclear genome of PL-TS-1 cells.     

Effects of mangrove deforestation on fish assemblage at Pak Phanang Bay,southern Thailand

Daytime sampling using a seine net was conducted at Pak Phanang Bay (Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Thailand) in February and July 2006, to determine differences in fish assemblage structures between a mangrove site and an adjacent site completely cleared of mangroves. The overall numbers of fish species and individuals were significantly higher at the mangrove site than the cleared site in both months. Although benthic crustacean feeders showed more species and individual numbers at the mangrove site in both months, the opposite was found for zooplankton feeders. A cluster analysis, based on the abundance of each species, demonstrated that the fish assemblage structures were distinctly different between the two sites. In addition, significant differences in length frequency distributions for each of the four most abundant species were found between the sites in February and/or July. Small individuals of Scatophagus argus, Ambassis nalua, and Tetraodon nigroviridis were more common at the mangrove site, and of Chelon subviridis at the cleared site. These results suggest that mangrove deforestation exerts marked effects on fish assemblages.     

中国虎纹蛙与泰国虎纹蛙的遗传多样性比较

本文应用RAPD技术,研究了中国虎纹蛙(Rana tigrina rugulosa)和泰国虎纹蛙(R.tigrina cantor)的种内种间遗传多样性及种质特异性分子标记,结果表明:中国虎纹蛙和泰国虎纹蛙多态位点比例(P)分别为53.77%和70.79%;遗传多样性指数(H)分别为0.1345和0.1780;种间的遗传相似系数(S)为0.4238,遗传距离(D)为0.6613。两种虎纹蛙遗传多样性都较丰富,但中国虎纹蛙的遗传变异程度较泰国虎纹蛙低。在OPA、OPF、OPP、OPZ几个系列随机引物的扩增中得到了可用于鉴别两种蛙的12条特异性谱带。     

浅谈网络环境下高校图书馆馆员的信息素质教育

阐述了信息素质教育的涵义,探讨了图书馆馆员信息素质教育的重要性及现状,指出了图书馆馆员信息素质教育的构成、主要内容和实现图书馆馆员信息素质教育的途径。     

小麦籽粒蛋白质组分的变异及其与面粉品质的关系

为了探究小麦籽粒蛋白质组分的变异及其相对比例的变化对小麦籽粒品质的影响,在两个不同的小麦品质生态区,选用大面积推广的40个小麦品种(系)为材料,研究了小麦籽粒蛋白质各组分在基因型与环境间的变异,以及蛋白质组分与面粉品质的关系。结果表明,小麦籽粒蛋白质各组分含量在基因型间差异显著,而在环境间各组分含量的变异是一种非比例的增减,导致了籽粒蛋白质质量在环境间的显著差异。徐州点生态环境利于谷蛋白的合成,谷醇比显著大于南京点。在蛋白质各组分的关系中,清蛋白含量的增加降低了谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量,球蛋白含量的增加则降低了谷醇比,从而降低了沉淀值。蛋白质各组分含量及比例与面粉品质密切相关,是理想的品质微量评价指标。在高蛋白品种中,当谷醇比为1.3左右时,面粉面包烘烤品质较好。     

Co-60γ辐照装置运行经济效益分析

文章通过分析辐照装置运行的经济特点,尽管该行业是有利可图的,但是,只有通过完善的管理,有充足的货源及稳定的产品价格,才能使成本水平降低,从而提高经济效益.同时对在运行过程中成本的构成、产品价格及辐照剂量等因素对经济效益的影响进行了分析.     

Extensive Screening for Edible Herbal Extracts with Potent Scavenging Activity against Superoxide Anions

To search for edible herbal extracts with potent antioxidant activity, we conducted a large scale screening based on the superoxide scavenging activity. That is, scavenging activity against superoxide anions were extensively screened from ethanol extracts of approximately 1,000 kinds of herbs by applying an electron spin resonance (ESR)-spin trapping method. Among them we chose four edible herbal extracts with prominently potent ability to reduce the signal intensity of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO)-OOH, a spin adduct formed by DMPO and superoxide anion. They are the extracts from Punica granatum (Peel), Syzygium aromaticum (Bud), Mangifera indica (Kernel), and Phyllanthus emblica (Fruit), and are allowed to be used as foodstuffs according to the Japanese legal regulation. The ESR-spin trapping method coupled with steady state kinetic analysis showed that all of the four extracts directly scavenge superoxide anions, and that the superoxide scavenging potential of any of the extracts was comparable to that of L-ascorbic acid. Furthermore, polyphenol determination indicates that the activity is at least in part attributable to polyphenols. These results with such large scale screening might give useful information when choosing a potent antioxidant as a foodstuff.     

长期定位监测钾肥施用效果研究

缺钾是水稻土的主要障碍因子之一,合理增施钾肥,既能促进水稻的营养代谢,又能大幅度提高水稻产量。为此本文利用5 a施肥定位监测资料,研究了钾肥在水稻土上的施用效果。结果表明:施用有机肥增施钾肥一般可增产6%左右,不施有机肥增施钾肥一般可增产4.9%左右。增施农肥及氮、磷、钾肥配合使用,才能保证水稻高产稳产。     

西南地区普通小麦1BL/1RS易位系的DArT分子标记鉴定

为了准确了解小麦品系中1BL/1RS易位系的存在,利用7 000多个DArT分子标记(Diversityarrays technology,多样性微阵列技术)对87个普通小麦品系进行扫描,总共获得1 750个稳定的多样性的分子标记(P>80)。这些标记的多态性信息含量指数(PIC)的范围是0.03～0.5,平均值为0.35(P>80)。根据DArT标记的可整合性,利用1B染色体上的DArT数据进行主坐标分析(Principal-Coordinates Analysis,PCoA),可以把实验材料划分为两个群,并且确定一个群是由1BL/1RS易位系组成,另一个群由非1BL/1RS易位系组成。同时,利用非加权组平均法(Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means,UPGMA)进行聚类分析,调查了材料之间的遗传关系,结果显示,实验材料同样聚集为两个群,一个群由1BL/1RS易位系组成,包含两个亚群;另一个群由非易位系组成,包含六个亚群。研究证实,DArT标记不仅可以调查小麦全基因组的遗传多样性,而且利用它的可整合性能够准确鉴定研究材料中的1BL/1RS易位系。