滨州市冬枣锈病发生特点与综合治理

冬枣产于山东省渤海地区、黄河三角洲腹地，是一种成熟期较晚，珍贵稀有的鲜食果品。滨州市冬枣种植面积达6万hm^2，已成为当地农业经济新的增长点和农民致富奔小康的主导产业。但是冬枣锈病2004年在滨州市暴发流行，给枣农的增收和冬枣产业的发展造成了极大的创伤。为此对冬枣锈病流行规律、流行原因和治理对策进行了调研。     

基于熵权可拓物元模型土地利用系统健康诊断——以河西走廊为例

通过构建PSR模型的指标体系,运用熵权可拓物元模型对河西走廊的土地利用系统健康进行评价。研究结果:2000—2014年这15年期间,根据可拓物元模型经典域取值区间,河西走廊整体土地利用系统健康水平处于N03,健康等级为临界状态,健康水平保持稳定;河西走廊的土地系统健康水平分布具有一定的规律性,呈现出由中间向两边逐渐降低的趋势;河西走廊生态环境脆弱,森林覆盖率、水土流失程度和土壤盐渍化率是制约土地利用系统健康水平提升的重要因素。研究表明,将熵权可拓物元模型应用于土地利用系统健康评价,可以有效地避免人为因素的干扰,客观地评价研究区域土地利用系统健康的各要素之间的关系,揭示各个指标的水平状态,挖掘土地利用系统健康存在的具体问题,适用于土地利用系统健康的评价。     

稻水象甲发生规律与药剂试验方法的探讨

稻水象甲是国际检疫对象，已经是我国北方水稻产区最重要害虫之一，并且呈迅速蔓延之势。此虫主要借助交通工具作远距离传播。成虫危害叶片，幼虫危害根系。一年繁殖一代但有两个危害高峰。新农药田间药效试验如果针对防治成虫、幼虫或者兼治，应在相应的时间、采取不同的方法进行。     

甜菜筒喙象Lixus subtilis Boheman在藜麦上大暴发

甜菜筒喙象是世界潜在入侵象虫网收录的一种重要象甲科昆虫,主要为害甜菜,以及藜科、苋科和蓼科的一些杂草,国内外未曾见有为害藜麦的报道,2016年7月下旬我们发现该种象虫在北京严重为害藜麦。本文首次报道甜菜筒喙象在藜麦上的发生为害情况,同时介绍了其形态识别特征、生物学特性,给出了防治建议,并提出下一步研究重点,为有效防范甜菜筒喙象的进一步扩散为害,保障我国藜麦产业的健康发展提供科学支撑。     

Evaluation of the durability of the <Emphasis Type="Italic">Barley yellow dwarf virus</Emphasis>-resistant <Emphasis Type="Italic">Zhong ZH</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">TC14</Emphasis> wheat lines

Serial passage experiments (SPE) of a Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) isolate were performed on Zhong ZH and TC14 wheat lines to evaluate the durability of their resistance to BYDV. At different passage numbers (from the 2nd to the 114th), biological properties of the produced isolates were recorded either by monitoring infection percentages and virus titers of the first 3 weeks of viral infection or by measuring their impact on yield components. Statistical analyses using the area under pathogen progress curves and the area under concentration progress curves demonstrated that these two resistant lines induce, after only a few passages, a selection of variant(s) with significantly modified infection abilities. Isolates resulting from SPE performed on these lines induced important decreases of yield components. These results indicate that the use of Zhong ZH and TC14 lines in BYDV-resistant breeding programmes should be approached with caution.     

河北省二点委夜蛾发生世代研究初报

二点委夜蛾[Athetis lepigone(Mschler)]是2005年河北省首次发现报道的夏玉米苗期的新害虫,危害日趋严重。本文通过分析近年来对二点委夜蛾成虫的监测数据,研究其发生世代。结果表明:二点委夜蛾在河北省每年发生4代。4-5月为越冬代成虫期,6-7月上旬为1代成虫期,7月中旬-8月上旬为2代成虫期,8月中旬-9月下旬为3代成虫期。其中1～2代成虫蛾量大,蛾峰明显,以第2代幼虫为害玉米苗最为严重,越冬代成虫和第3代成虫蛾量较少,蛾峰不太明显。     

Variability in response to toosendanin in a laboratory colony of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trichoplusia ni</Emphasis>

Laboratory rearing of insects for scientific research ensures a constant supply of insects. However, laboratory colonies may diverge genetically and/or phenotypically from wild populations due to selection pressures in their artificial environment. This study examined how variation in a colony ofTrichoplusia ni influenced reproducibility over time of bioassays of toosendanin (a limonoid extracted from the bark ofMelia azedarach). In four of five experiments insect growth was reduced significantly (P=0.05) by the presence of toosendanin in the diet. The fifth experiment showed the same trend, but the effect was not significant. Mean larval mass of both control and treated insects also varied greatly among experiments. The considerable variability observed in this population highlights the importance of replicating experiments in time, and not just space, to confirm reproducibility of treatment effects. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Jan. 23, 2007.     

美国白蛾高毒白僵菌菌株筛选及其与高效氯氰菊酯的相容性

美国白蛾Hyphantria curtea(Drury)是一种重要检疫害虫[1].对美同白蛾的防治,目前主要采取化学与生物防治相结合的策略,高效氯氰菊酯是化学防治常用药剂之一,生物防治主要包括昆虫病原微生物的利用和人工释放天敌[1-2].球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana是一类对多种昆虫具有致病性的虫生真菌[3],目前利用该类病原物防治美国白蛾的研究报道较少.作者以对鳞翅目害虫高毒的6株球孢白僵菌为材料[4],筛选了高效菌株,并对其与高效氯氰菊酯的相容性进行了研究.     

野百合及其变种百合的形态分类研究

对广东省内5个居群140个单株样品基部成熟叶的叶型性状分析结果表明,凡同时符合叶长／基宽距〈2．0以及叶长／叶宽〈5．0两个条件的样品为变种百合（Lilium brownii F．E．Brown ex Miellez vaur．virdulum Baker）,否则为原变种野百合（L．brownii F．E．Brown ex Miellez）。这一标准简单易操作,可作为野百合及百合形态分类的量化标准。     

Multi-scale study of bird species distribution and of their response to vegetation change: a Mediterranean example

Land use changes operate at different scales. They trigger a cascade of effects that simultaneously modify the composition or structure of the landscape and of the local vegetation. Mobil animals, and birds in particular, can respond quickly to such multi-scalar changes. We took advantage of a long term study on the response of songbirds to land-use changes on four Mediterranean islands in Corsica and Sardinia to explore the benefits of a multi-scale analysis of the relationships between songbird distribution, vegetation structure and landscape dynamics. Field data and aerial photographs were used to describe the vegetation at three different scales. Birds were censused by point counts. We used statistical variance decomposition to study how bird distribution and vegetation at various scales were linked. We analysed multi-scale vegetation changes (floristic composition, plot vegetation type, and landscape structure) and their consequences on bird distribution with multivariate and non-parametrical tests. The distribution of most species was linked to at least two spatial scales. The weight of a given scale was consistent with life-history traits for species whose biology was well-known. In the examples studied, vegetation composition, vegetation type and landscape changes that resulted from land abandonment negatively affected birds depending on open or heterogeneous areas. Our results emphasize that multi-scale analyses can greatly enhance our understanding of bird distribution and of their changes. Management of these populations should take into account measures at various spatial scales depending on the sensitivity of the species.