一年生植物作为石膏刨花板原料的适应性

本文叙述了使用德国及中国建筑石膏和甘蔗渣、竹材、棉秆、麦秸、稻草等一年生植物生产石膏刨花板的适应性,分析了石膏的成分和性能,测定了缓凝剂和植物原料对石膏水化的影响。制板时采用不同的配方和板的密度,以评价一年生植物的使用价值。在所使用的原料中,甘蔗渣是良好的石膏刨花板原料。     

Detection of bovine papillomavirus DNA in equine sarcoids using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]

Unfixed and formalin-fixed frozen sections and paraffin-sections of histopathologically confirmed sarcoids of 20 horses were studied in the PCR. The used set of primers was located in the E5 open reading frame fitting both to bovine papillomavirus 1 (BPV-1) and BPV-2. Independent of the quality of the used tissues BPV-DNA was detected in all 20 sarcoids. By cleaving with restriction endonuclease Bst XI it was shown that the DNA-sequences amplified by PCR were identical with that of BPV-1. The results support the general view that BPV play an important role in equine sarcoids.     

Inhibition of feline infectious peritonitis virus replication by recombinant human leukocyte (alpha) interferon and feline fibroblastic (beta) interferon

Replication of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) in feline cell cultures was inhibited after incubation of cells with either human recombinant leukocyte (alpha) interferon (IFN) or feline fibroblastic (beta) IFN for 18 to 24 hours before viral challenge exposure. Compared with virus control cultures, FIPV yields were reduced by ranges of 0.1 to 2.7 log10 or 2 to 5.2 log10 TCID50 in cultures treated with human alpha- or feline beta-IFN, respectively; yield reductions were IFN dose dependent. Sensitivity to the antiviral activities of IFN varied with cell type; feline embryo cells had greater FIPV yield reductions than did similarly treated feline kidney or feline lung cells. Comparison of the virus growth curves in IFN-treated and virus control cultures indicated marked reduction in intracellular and extracellular FIPV in IFN-treated cultures. Compared with virus control cultures, intracellular and extracellular infectivity in IFN-treated cultures was delayed in onset by 12 and 30 hours, respectively, and FIPV titers subsequently were reduced by 3 to 3.5 and 5 log10 TCID50, respectively. Frequently, immunofluorescent and electron microscopy of IFN-treated cells or cell culture fluids did not reveal virus; however, even in cultures without viral cytopathic changes, small amounts of virus occasionally persisted in cells.     

Evaluation of dysmyelopoiesis in cats: 34 cases (1996-2005)

OBJECTIVE: To further classify dysmyelopoiesis as diagnosed by use of a general classification scheme and to determine clinical features and laboratory test results that could be used to differentiate between the various forms of dysmyelopoiesis in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. Sample Population-Bone marrow slides from 34 cats. PROCEDURES: Medical records of cats in which dysmyelopoiesis was diagnosed on the basis of blood and bone marrow analyses from 1996 to 2005 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were findings of > 10% dysplastic cells in 1 or more hematologic cell lines in the bone marrow and concurrent cytopenias in the blood. Cats that met these criteria were classified into subcategories of myelodysplastic syndromes or secondary dysmyelopoiesis on the basis of reevaluation of slides. RESULTS: Of 189 bone marrow slides reviewed, 34 (14.9%) had > 10% dysplastic cells in 1 or more cell lines. Cats were subcategorized as having myelodysplastic syndrome with excessive numbers of blast cells (n = 13), myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenias (8), a variant form of myelodysplastic syndrome (1), and secondary dysmyelopoiesis (12). Findings of dysmyelopoiesis and autoagglutination in cats with myelodysplastic syndrome and in those with immune-mediated anemia complicated differentiating between the 2 conditions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Differentiating cats with myelodysplastic syndromes from cats with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was difficult because severe anemia and autoagglutination may be concurrent findings in both conditions. Differentiating between myelodysplastic syndrome with excessive numbers of blast cells and myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenias was useful in predicting clinical outcome.     

Resistance of Berne virus to physical and chemical treatment

Thermal inactivation of Berne virus proceeded at a linear rate between 31 degrees and 43 degrees C. Storage at temperatures lower than -20 degrees C preserved the infectivity, while at 4 degrees C appreciable loss occurred between 92 and 185 days. Freeze-drying or desiccation at 22 degrees C caused only insignificant loss of infectivity. Virus preparations were not affected by pH values between 2.5 and 10.3. Inactivation by UV occurred more rapidly than with herpes, toga and rhabdoviruses. Berne virus infectivity was sensitive to pronase and B. subtilis proteinase. It was not inactivated by trypsin and chymotrypsin treatment, which resulted in enhancement of infectivity; low concentrations of pronase (less than 10 micrograms ml-1) had a similar effect on Berne virus. Neither phospholipase C or RNase, alone or in combination, nor sodium deoxycholate (0.1%) inactivated the virus; in contrast, Triton X-100 (0.1%; 1.0%) caused rapid inactivation with a constant level of residual infectivity.     

What is new about new forest owners? A typology of private forest ownership in Austria

With structural changes in agriculture, new types of forest owners have become increasingly important. This article develops an empirically-based typology of forest owners in Austria. Based on a representative survey and by means of cluster analysis, seven types of forest owners are identified. These types form a sequence, ranging from forest owners with a strong agricultural background to forest owners with no agricultural background at all. The latter exhibit markedly different behaviour in various respects, e.g. in their interest in forest-related information. The increasing number of ‘new’ forest owners raises important questions for forest policy, especially how policy instruments can reach these owners and how extension services can address them.     

Advanced solid phase extraction using molecularly imprinted polymers for the determination of quercetin in red wine

Solid phase extraction (SPE) based on molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) is a novel approach for sample preparation and preconcentration, gaining increased interest in the fields of environmental, clinical, and food analysis. The first application combining MIPs with SPE for advanced beverage analysis is reported. MIPs for the flavonoid quercetin have been generated, using quercetin as a template molecule in a self-assembly approach and yielding imprinting of 1% of the used template. The MIP achieved a capacity of 0.4 g quercetin per gram polymer and a recovery rate of 98.2%. The application of these synthetic receptors as SPE material for the selective extraction and preconcentration of quercetin from synthetic and red wine samples was investigated. Red wine samples from a French Merlot were directly applied onto the SPE cartridge. The collected fractions were analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. For verification of the obtained results, a similarly prepared nonimprinted polymer and a classical octadecyl silane reversed-phase cartridge were applied as the SPE matrix during control experiments. The MIP enabled the selective extraction of quercetin from a complex matrix, such as red wine, spiked with 8.8 mg per liter quercetin, demonstrating the potential of molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction for rapid, selective, and cost-effective sample pretreatment.     

Atmospheric Lead Deposition from 12,400 to ca. 2,000 yrs BP in a Peat Bog Profile,Jura Mountains,Switzerland

The bog at Etang de la Gruère (Jura Mountains, Switzerland) consists of 420 cm of Sphagnum-dominated bog peat overlying 230 cm of Carex-dominated fen peat. One hundred cm below the bog surface, there is a pronounced peak in lead (Pb) concentration (approx. 10 µg/g) which has been dated at 2110 ± 30 BP and can be attributed to Roman Pb mining and smelting. Lead concentrations in peats from deeper, much older layers were measured using ICP-MS and found to be low and relatively constant (0.28 ± 0.04 µg/g, n = 17) from 405 cm to 235 cm which corresponds to the period from approx. 8,000 and 5,500 years before present (BP). In this same interval, scandium (Sc) concentrations (measured using INAA) were 0.07 ± 0.02 µg/g, yielding an average Pb/Sc ratio of 4.1 ± 1.2. These values are assumed to represent the true "background" Pb and Sc concentrations and Pb/Sc ratios of pre-anthropogenic aerosols. At 205 cm the Pb concentrations began to increase by 2 to 3 times, but these are proportional to the increases in aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), silicon (Si), and Sc, and reflect an increase in Pb deposition supplied by silicate-derived soil dust. This depth, dated at 5,230 BP, coincides with the development of agriculture and indicates the impact of soil cultivation on metal fluxes to the air. At 115 cm, however, the Pb concentrations increase out of proportion with Sc; this point was dated at 3,000 BP and reflects the beginning of Pb contamination by mining and metallurgy in Europe and the Middle East. There are two pronounced peaks in Pb concentrations centered at 435 cm and 555 cm, corresponding with local maxima in ash and ash-forming major elements at the same depths. These samples have been dated at 8,230 BP and 10,590 BP, respectively, indicating the Vasset/Killian volcanic events (Massif Central, France) and Younger-Dryas cold phase as the most likely explanations.