甘蔗体内的蔗糖积累

成熟甘蔗茎秆积累高浓度蔗糖,其蔗糖积累涉及到蔗糖的合成、分解和运输等生理过程,而调控甘蔗茎中蔗糖积累的关键性因素是存在于快速发育的茎细胞中蔗糖糖代谢相关酶的活性和蔗糖的跨膜运输能力,而不是作为源叶输出光合产物的能力和韧皮部运输蔗糖的效率。为此,本文主要从蔗糖进入茎节的途径、蔗糖在液泡中的积累及其调控等方面作了概述,并指出运用分子生物学、反向遗传学和细胞生物学手段研究有关酶基因、功能性蛋白、糖信号对甘蔗蔗糖运输和积累的作用将是今后的重要研究方向。     

天津市不同种植年限蔬菜地土壤水分特征对比研究

通过对天津市辛口镇蔬菜种植区不同种植年限(5年以上、10年以上及15年以上)土壤水分特征的比较分析后得知:(1)随着种植年限的延长,3种蔬菜地土壤饱和含水量、田间持水量、萎蔫含水量及有效水含量逐渐下降,种植5年以上的蔬菜地土壤,尤其是淀积层及母质层土壤的水分吸持能力高于种植10年以上和种植15年以上.(2)相比种植5年以上的蔬菜地土壤.种植15年以上的蔬菜地土壤总库容、贮水库容、有效水库容和无效水库容发生不同程度的水分亏缺.(3)随着种植年限的延长.蔬菜地土壤的孔隙减少,土壤结构变差,土壤的水分保持、供释能力及开发、利用潜力逐渐下降.该结果可为天津这种干旱地区的蔬菜地土壤,特别是耕作层土壤改良及水分的合理有效利用提供参考     

Large‐scale assessment of soil erosion using a neuro‐fuzzy model combined with GIS: A case study of Hubei Province,China

Reliable and cost‐effective soil erosion assessment is an important precondition for soil conservation measures, which remains a major challenge at large scale. Considering that the neuro‐fuzzy model has the special advantage in multi‐index comprehensive assessment and GIS technology is adept at geo‐spatial information processing, through the combination of them, it is possible to provide an effective approach for this difficult problem. Taking Hubei Province as a case study area, five evaluating indicators were selected for the large‐scale assessment, in which the GIS technology was used to construct the classification maps of evaluating indicators and to divide basic assessment units, and the neuro‐fuzzy model was adopted to extract fuzzy rules for individual units assessment from available ground truth data. According to the optimized assessment criteria generated by the neuro‐fuzzy model, the soil erosion state of the entire study area was then assessed. To represent the spatial distribution of soil erosion, a detailed map was produced by statistical mapping, which was represented with six erosion levels (from slight to severe) at a map scale of 1:250 000. The resulting map showed that about 30.1% of the total land area in Hubei was affected by different levels of soil erosion problem. Western high mountains and eastern low mountains suffered from the most serious erosion damage, a strong level of soil erosion was widely observed in these mountains. Large areas of moderate level erosion occurred in the northern hills. In contrast, most of the central plains were characterized as slight level erosion effect. The validation indicated that an overall accuracy of 88% and a κ of 0.89 were achieved, proving that the resulting map was in conformity with actual conditions, which indicates this assessment approach was reasonable and applicable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南方水稻黑条矮缩病组合用药防控技术示范效果初报

2012年顺昌县开展南方水稻黑条矮缩病组合用药防控技术示范。示范结果表明:先正达产品组合噻虫嗪70%种子处理可分散剂拌种+秧田1叶1心期吡蚜酮25%水分散粒剂喷雾+移栽前2d噻虫嗪25%水分散粒剂喷雾+本田移栽后7d毒死蜱48%乳油+氨基酸12%水溶性液剂喷雾+移栽后15d吡蚜酮25%水分散粒剂+氨基酸12%水溶性液剂喷雾防控效果最好达99%。     

Protective effect of Dryopteris crassirhizoma extracts in the control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita

Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are among the most damaging soilborne plant parasites and are responsible for large economic losses in a wide...     

Identification and expression pattern of a glutathione S‐transferase in Echinochloa crus‐galli

Plant glutathione S‐transferase (GST) forms a major part of the herbicide detoxification enzyme network in plants. A GST cDNA was isolated from Echinochloa crus‐galli and characterised. The gene, designated EcGST1 (E. crus‐galli GeneBank no: JX518596 ), has a 684 bp open reading frame predicted to encode a 25 kD protein. Sequence alignment showed that EcGST1 is a GST homologue. Its expression in response to quinclorac treatment was monitored in seedlings (leaves and roots) and adult plants (leaves, roots, stems and seeds) of quinclorac‐resistant (R) and susceptible (S) biotypes of E. crus‐galli. EcGST1 expression was 1.5–3 times greater in the R plants than in the S plants. However, after exposure to quinclorac, the difference in the expression levels of EcGST1 in R plants, compared with S plants, increased to a ratio of 6–10. Enhanced EcGST1 levels should enable greater quinclorac detoxification following quinclorac stimulation in R plants. GST‐based metabolism may be partially responsible for resistance to quinclorac in E. crus‐galli. The results suggest a new resistance mechanism for this R biotype in Chinese rice fields.     

贵州盘县八大山地区苔藓植物研究

对采自贵州盘县八大山地区的1000余号苔藓植物标本进行了整理和鉴定。结果表明：该地区有苔藓植物54科125属277种（包括亚种、变种）,其中,优势科：有丛藓科Pottiaceae、青藓科Brachytheciaceae、灰藓科Hypnaceae、羽苔科Plagiochilacea和地萼苔科Geocalyaceae等;优势属有青藓属Brachythecium、淘灯藓属Plagiomnium和真藓属Bryum等。     

水稻Os09g29390基因冷胁迫表达模式及亚细胞定位分析

为了研究水稻Os09g29390基因在冷胁迫条件下的功能,以水稻苗期冷胁迫基因表达谱芯片中编码水稻质体蓝素类蛋白(Plastocyanin like protein)的下调表达基因Os09g29390为研究对象,对Os09g29390基因进行冷胁迫下表达特性分析、同源性分析及亚细胞定位分析.结果表明,Os09g29390基因在冷胁迫处理下表现为下调表达模式;氨基酸相似性分析与保守结构域分析显示,Os09g29390基因与其同源基因的氨基酸编码序列具有一个保守的铜结合位点;将Os09g29390基因与增强型绿色荧光蛋白(eGFP)融合,转化烟草原生质体,结果Os09g29390基因定位于细胞叶绿体中.以上结果初步阐明该基因在冷胁迫下的表达特性及作用位点,为以后更深入的研究该基因的功能提供了指导.     

提高林农实用技术培训教学质量的思考

加强林农实用技术培训对于加快社会主义新农村建设,实现生态林业、民生林业的战略目标,全面建成小康社会具有重要意义.面对培训对象需求的多样性、特殊性以及时间的有限性等,要科学合理地制定林农实用技术培训方案,编写适合林农需求的培训教材,合理评聘和培养培训教师,改进教学方式方法,加强培训教学质量的监督与评估,以保证林农实用技术培训教学的质量,提高培训效果.     

丛枝菌根真菌对植物抗寒性影响的研究进展

丛枝茵根真菌接种植物后,能够促进植物养分的吸收和植株的生长,提高植物的抗逆性.为了系统认识AM真菌提高植物抗寒性的机理,为植物避免冻害、南种北引、抗寒育种等提供理论依据,从AM真菌对宿主植物矿质元素吸收、形态结构、生理生化、基因表达等4个方面就国内外对丛枝菌根提高植物的抗寒性研究进行了综述.