科尔沁草地植被特征

科尔沁草地有维管束植物１６４２种，隶属１２４科，５４属，其中菊科，禾本科，豆科，蔷薇科合计１５６属，５９１种，分别占全地区总属数，总种数的２８．８４％和３５．９９％，全部植物属于１５个区系成分，以达乌尔－蒙古成分起主导作用。多年生草本植物（１００９种）是构成科尔沁草地植被的主体，中生植物（１１４１种）居优势地位，沙生植物和盐生植物的广泛分布也是本地区植被的重要特征，草原植被水平分布规律基本上呈西北     

两种蔗糖浓度对切割取样鼠胚冷冻解冻效果的研究

小鼠晚期桑椹胚、早期囊胚和扩大囊胚，经切割取样分别采用０．３６５Ｍ和０．２５Ｍ蔗糖浓度进一步细管和分步脱除甘油解冻后体外培养发育率分别为６５．５％、４６．４％和７５．４％，两种浓度间差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０５）；分步脱除甘油解冻瑟前者差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），与后者差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）

转基因家畜生物反应器浅谈（续）陈庄，魏平华（广东省农科院畜牧研究所广州５１０６４０）２转基因家畜生物反应器研究的进展目前，转基因动物研究有三大焦点：一是转基因方法研究；二是利用转基因动物来研究动物基因的表达调控机制；三是利用转基因动物生产非常规畜牧产...     

微生态制剂在杂粕型日粮中的应用展望

二十一世纪人类面临资源紧缺、环境污染、生态破坏等一系列严峻的挑战,其中资源问题已经成为人类社会,特别是中国这样的发展中人口大国可持续发展的最主要瓶颈。20世纪80年代以来,随着我国养殖业连续20多年以年平均9％以上的高速度增长,畜牧主产区的饲料资源短缺问题也越来越严重,以蛋白质饲料较为突出。     

Direct lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys

The lateral transmission of Histomonas meleagridis in turkeys was studied in floor pens without the presence of Heterakis gallinarum. Battery-reared poults (120) were transferred at 2 wk of age to concrete-floored floor pens with fresh pine shavings litter (40/group). One group received no exposure. In other groups, either 10% or 25% of the birds were inoculated per cloaca with cultured H. meleagridis (200,000/bird) and placed in the pens as seeder birds. Inoculated birds died at 10-18 days postinfection (PI) showing typical liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis. Birds in the high-exposure group died of histomoniasis beginning 16 days PI and continuing to 100% mortality by day 23 PI. Birds in the low-exposure (LE) group died beginning on day 19 PI and continuing through day 31 PI. All but one LE bird alive on day 31 PI had severe liver and cecal lesions of histomoniasis at necropsy. There was no evidence of histomoniasis in unexposed birds. No cecal worms (H. gallinarum) were found at necropsy of dead birds or in unexposed birds at the end of the experiment. Even though H. gallinarum is the only known reservoir for H. meleagridis, these results suggest that lateral transmission of histomoniasis through a flock can occur readily through normal contact between uninfected birds and infected birds and their droppings in the total absence of cecal worms.     

Epizootiologic survey for Babesia microti among small wild mammals in northeastern Eurasia and a geographic diversity in the beta-tubulin gene sequences

We previously reported that small wild rodents in Japan harbor two types of novel Babesia microti-like parasites (designated as Hobetsu and Kobe types), but not the type commonly found in the northeastern United States (U.S. type) where human babesiosis is endemic. To determine whether these new types of parasites are distributed in places surrounding Japan, an epizootiologic survey was undertaken in three geographically distant areas in northeastern Eurasia; South Korea, Vladivostok in Russia, and Xinjiang in China. Blood samples were collected from a total of 387 animals comprising 24 species. DNAs extracted from the samples were tested by nested PCR targeting babesial nuclear small-subunit rRNA gene (rDNA), which revealed that small rodents harboring B. microti exist in all three survey areas. Sequence analysis showed that all PCR-positive samples had rDNA sequences virtually identical to that of U.S.-type B. microti. However, when beta-tubulin gene sequences were compared, evident geographic variations were seen. By use of primers specific for each of the beta-tubulin genes of Kobe-, Hobetsu-, and U.S.-type parasites, a type-specific PCR was developed. Parasite with Hobetsu- or Kobe-type sequence was not detected from any of the three survey areas. These findings suggest that U.S.-type B. microti is widely distributed among small wild mammals in temperate zones of not only North America, but also Eurasia, whereas that Hobetsu- and Kobe-type parasites may be uniquely distributed in Japan.     

螺旋CT在判断胃肠道穿孔部位中的价值

目的探讨螺旋CT在胃肠道穿孔定位诊断中的价值。方法对32例手术证实成人胃肠道穿孔病人进行回顾性分析。结果32例患者中,胃、十二指肠球部穿孔20例,十二指肠腹膜后段穿孔1例,空回肠穿孔6例,阑尾穿孔3例,结肠穿孔2例。提示穿孔部位CT征象有:气腹、腹膜腔及腹膜后间隙积液、穿孔部位局限性肠壁增厚和周围脂肪间隙模糊。结论螺旋CT不仅能确定有无胃肠道穿孔,而且能初步判断其穿孔部位。其中局限性肠壁增厚及周围脂肪间隙密度增高、邻近腹腔、腹膜后间隙积液为诊断穿孔部位较为特异性征象。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及农杆菌介导PEPC基因的转化

以多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)成熟种子作为外植体,建立其高频再生体系,通过农杆菌介导法将磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)基因转入,为多年生黑麦草的抗逆转基因工作奠定基础。结果表明:种子充分灭菌后在附加6.0 mg·L^-1 2,4-D的培养基中诱导愈伤组织,诱导率可达61.33%。愈伤组织在2,4-D浓度减半的培养基上继代培养长势良好,分化培养基为MS培养基附加1.0 mg·L^-16-BA,分化率最高达到61.33%,在1/2 MS+0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA培养基中进行生根培养,生根率达100%。以该再生体系为基础,将获得的愈伤组织作为外植体进行遗传转化,经筛选培养后得到再生植株,通过PCR及实时荧光定量(Real-Time)PCR验证表明PEPC基因已成功转入,转化率为8.67%。试验结果将为多年生黑麦草抗性品种的研究奠定基础。     

科学规避兽药残留风险的对策措施

笔者对2013?2020年实施的畜产品质量安全监测项目进行多环节系统分析,揭示了主要短板和风险,建议因势利导科学规避兽药残留风险,多策发力提高区域性畜产品质量安全的总体水平。     

Effect of heat stress on the behavioral and physiological patterns of Small-tail Han sheep housed indoors

Tropical Animal Health and Production - This study was conducted to investigate the effects of heat stress on the behavioral and physiological patterns in Small-tail Han sheep housed indoors in...