Regional distribution of wheat yield and chemical fertilizer requirements in China

Quantification of currently attainable yield and fertilizer requirements can provide detailed information for assessing the food supply capacity and offer data support for agricultural decision-making. Datasets from a total of 5 408 field experiments were collected from 2000 to 2015 across the major wheat production regions in China to analyze the spatial distribution of wheat yield, the soil nutrient supply capacity(represented by relative yield, defined as the ratio of the yield under the omission of one of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) to the yield under the full NPK fertilizer application), and N, P and K fertilizer requirements by combining the kriging interpolation method with the Nutrient Expert Decision Support System for Wheat. The results indicated that the average attainable yield was 6.4 t ha~(-1), with a coefficient of variation(CV) of 24.9% across all sites. The yields in North-central China(NCC) and the northern part of the Middle and Lower reaches of the Yangtze River(MLYR) were generally higher than 7 t ha~(-1), whereas the yields in Southwest China(SWC), Northeast China(NEC), and the eastern part of Northwest China(NWC) were usually less than 6 t ha~(-1). The precentage of area having a relative yield above 0.70, 0.85, and 0.85 for N, P, and K fertilizers accounted for 52.3, 74.7, and 95.9%, respectively. Variation existed in N, P, and K fertilizer requirements, with a CV of 24.8, 23.9, and 29.9%, respectively, across all sites. More fertilizer was needed in NCC and the northern part of the MLYR than in other regions. The average fertilizer requirement was 162, 72, and 57 kg ha~(-1) for N, P_2O_5, and K_2O fertilizers, respectively, across all sites. The incorporation of the spatial variation of attainable yield and fertilizer requirements into wheat production practices would benefit sustainable wheat production and environmental safety.     

套种条件下小麦产量构成因素分析

通过对套种和非套种地小麦群体发育情况的调查表明,在6∶2式套种(6行小麦占地1.2m,2行棉花占地0.7m)模式下,小麦理论减产率为36.84%,绝对边行优势为18.84%,套种实际减产率为18.00%,相对边行优势为29.42%。     

马尾松实生种子园遗传多样性分析

以福建白砂林场马尾松实生种子园家系及其自由授粉子代为研究对象,从215对微卫星（SSR）引物中筛选出12对多态性比较理想者作为分子标记对种子园进行遗传多样性分析,研究结果主要如下：（1）子代群体等位基因数（A）平均为5.9167个,有效等位基因数（Ne）平均为2.3788个,Shannon多样性指数（I）为1.0348,平均期望杂合度（He）0.5745,Nei多样度为0.5740。各项指标均表明马尾松实生种子园子代群体具有较高的遗传多样性。群体的变异主要来源于群体内,群体间分化较小,遗传分化系数仅为0.504。（2）将冠层分上、中、下三层进行遗传多样性研究,发现其在冠层上无明显差异。（3）将所得的亲代群体指数与子代群体指数相比,发现子代群体遗传多样性未减弱。（4）两年度的多样性调查结果发现遗传多样性始终保持较高的水平。     

进一步加强西藏自治区的小水电建设

在整理和分析西藏自治区40年小水电建设资料的基础上,着重总结了小水电建设和管理中存在的主要问题,并就今后如何搞好西藏的小水电建设提出了建议。     

KCl诱导虾夷马粪海胆幼体变态的研究

研究了不同浓度的KCl对于虾夷马粪海胆幼体变态的诱导作用及对变态后个体生长的影响。试验结果表明,KCl对虾夷马粪海胆是一种极好的变态诱导剂,0.05 mol/L的KCl作用5~10 h诱导效果最佳,在提高变态率的同时,大大地降低了死亡率。     

鹅掌楸及其在园林绿化中的应用

鹅掌楸树形端直、叶形奇特、花朵酷似郁金香,是世界著名的观赏树种,利用历史悠久。依据相关文献概述了鹅掌楸的种质类型、分布特征,总结了其文化内涵和生态习性,重点阐述了鹅掌楸在园林绿化中的应用,并对进一步开发利用进行了展望。     

813钻井泥浆稀释剂的研制与应用

本文介绍了以处理过的橡椀为原料,经抽出、磺化、络合……等加工而制成的一种石油、地质钻井泥浆处理剂——813稀释剂。先后试制了几批,证明工艺可行,操作方便,制品质量稳定。其化学组成与国内外铁铬木质素磺酸盐的红外光谱比较,几个主要基团的强吸收峰都极为近似。三年来,经中原油田试用了179吨,效果良好,抗盐、抗温性能均优于栲胶、磺甲基栲胶,与铁铬木质素磺酸盐相当。本品在稀释的同时有一定的降失水作用,可节省CMC用量;从而提高了钻井效率,降低泥浆成本,经济效益显著。     

杨树新品种‘全红杨’

‘全红杨’来源于杨树品种‘中红杨’的芽变,经多年研究培育而成。从春季芽萌动到6月下旬整株叶片及新发嫩枝深紫红色,7—9月叶片为紫红色,10月后叶片为鲜红色。当年生苗干7月底前为深紫红色,叶柄、叶脉为鲜红色。适宜种植范围广。     

建立安徽省广德县竹林丰产高效培育技术体系研究

经过10多年的实践与研究,安徽省广德县林科所建立了一整套竹林丰产高效培育技术体系。本文从科学选题立项、严格设计试验方案、规范试验调查方法等方面总结了竹林培育方面的经验,为其它同类地区提供借鉴。     

光、CO2和蔗糖对蝴蝶兰组培苗生长及光合的影响

研究了组培微环境中蔗糖、CO2浓度和光照在生根阶段对蝴蝶兰组培苗生长的影响.结果表明,培养基中添加10蔗糖对蝴蝶兰组培苗的生物量形成有显著影响.在低光条件下,蔗糖的添加对植株生长的影响更加明显,表明直接吸收培养基中的蔗糖仍是组培苗获取碳源的方式之一.提高光照强度显著增加了植株鲜重.提高CO2浓度可进一步增加组培苗的生长量,生长发育具有明显优势.