Zur Überwinterung vonOrchestes (Rhynchaenus) fagi L.

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Wie fertigtAncylis mitterbacheriana Schiff. (Lep. Tortricidae) das Gehäuse?

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Professor Dr. F. Schwerdtfeger zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Marking and retention of harlequin bug,Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), on pheromone-baited and unbaited plants

Harlequin bug (Murgantia histrionica) is an important pest of cole crops in the USA. The adults and nymphs feed on aboveground plant tissues by sucking cell contents and can seriously damage the host. Current insect control measures on cole crops target mainly lepidopteran pests, and the insecticides generally used do not control harlequin bug, so alternative management practices need to be explored. Previous research has established the existence of a male-produced pheromone attractive to both sexes and nymphs of M. histrionica. In this work, two systems of marking bugs were tested to verify if the mark affected fitness traits such as survival and host location. In a second phase, marked individuals were placed on trap host plants baited with synthetic pheromone lures to test whether migration rates were related to M. histrionica density on the trap plants and the presence of the attractants. Neither marking system affected the survival or orientation of the subjects compared to unmarked individuals. The pheromone lures significantly increased the attractiveness of the trap plants, but did not increase the retention time of the plants compared to unbaited plants. Emigration from the trap plants showed a constant rate and seemed unrelated to bug density on the plants. However, a mean peak density of ca. 36 bugs/plant was calculated. Beyond this number, density tended to decrease. These successful marking methods and retention time models support development of M. histrionica management with trap crops, by providing tentative control thresholds and decision rules.     

Why extensive research and development did not promote use of peach palm fruit in Latin America

Agroforestry Systems - Peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) was domesticated as a fruit crop by the first Amazonians in traditional Neotropical agroforestry systems, but research and development...     

16jährige Probeanbauten von Lärchenbastarden

Zusammenfassung Im Jahre 1951 überwiegend durch gelenkte Kreuzung und teilweise aus freiem Abblühen entstandene L?rchen-Einzelbaumnachkommenschaften, die zusammen mit einigen Bestandes-Nachkommenschaften im Versuchsgarten Grafrath erzogen und anschlie?end auf vier Versuchsfl?chen innerhalb Bayerns angebaut worden waren, wurden zuletzt im zehn- bzw. achtj?hrigen Alter (in der Dickungsphase vor dem ersten Pflegeeingriff) sowie im 16j?hrigen Alter (in der beginnenden Stangenholzphase nach dem ersten Eingriff) aufgenommen. Auf Grund der aus diesen beiden Aufnahmen gewonnenen Ergebnisse (H?hen- und Durchmesser-Wuchsleistung, Variation der H?henwerte vor dem ersten Eingriff, natürliche Ausf?lle, Schaftform, Astst?rke und Krebsbefall-H?ufigkeit) sind die verschiedenen Kombinationen und Bestandes-Nachkommenschaften auf ihre Anbaubew?hrung hin überprüft worden: Die Anbaubew?hrung kann unter Berücksichtigung der erfa?ten Merkmale für drei Kreuzungen voll bejaht werden, und zwar für die Nummern 16 L. decidua 7/51×L. leptolepis (Gaut.), 20 L. decidua Kr. 1×L. leptolepis (Gaut.) und 10 Bastard 11/51×L. leptolepis (Gaut.). Bei vier Nachkommenschaften (Nr. 5 L. leptolepis Kr. 4×L. decidua (Gaut.); Nr. 35 L. leptolepis-Bestandesnachk.; Nr. 22 L. leptolepis 9/51×L. decidua 7/51 und Nr. 25 L. leptolepis 10/51×Bastard 1/51) mit überdurchschnittlicher Wüchsigkeit darf das Ja zur Anbaubew?hrung wegen nicht voll überzeugenden Abschneidens in den übrigen Merkmalen nur mit gewisser Einschr?nkung ausgesprochen werden. Die Anbaubew?hrung mu? für drei Nachkommenschaften wegen Krebsbefalls und sehr geringer Wuchsleistung verneint werden; es handelt sich dabei um die Nummern 4 L. lepteuropaea Kr. 2×L. decidua (Gaut.), 36 L. decidua-Bestandesnachkommenschaft und 20 L. decidua 7/51× freibest?ubt. Die überwiegende Mehrzahl der angebauten L?rchen-Nachkommenschaften ist in eine breitangelegte Mittelgruppe mit nicht oder nur sehr wenig differenziertem Wachstum inzuordnen, so da? erst die künftige Entwicklung die zu treffende Entscheidung erm?glichen wird.     

Cryopreservation of Piau‐Breed Wild Boar Sperm: Assessment of Cooling Curves and Centrifugation Regimes

This study aimed to assess the effects of different cooling curves and centrifugation regimes used in cryopreservation protocols on the post‐thaw viability of Piau‐breed wild boar (Sus scrofa) sperm using in vitro assessment tests. Two centrifugations (800  g for 10 min and 2400  g for 3 min) and two cooling curves (conventional cooling using nitrogen vapour – freezing 1 and automated cooling using a programmed freezing machine – freezing 2) were tested. Therefore, the treatments were divided into M3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 2; M10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 2; R3 – centrifugation at 2400  g for 3 min and freezing 1; and R10 – centrifugation at 800  g for 10 min and freezing 1. No significant differences (p > 0.05) between treatments occurred post‐thawing regarding the total sperm motility means recorded. The mean values of the different treatments were not different from each other regarding the supravital staining (SV), hypo‐osmotic test (HO), sperm–egg binding assay or sperm morphology. This study showed that both the cooling curve and the centrifugation regime affected the quality of post‐thaw sperm, and centrifugation for shorter times and cooling curves using automated cooling are the most suitable for minimizing sperm injury.     

Investigation of the allergenic potential of wines fined with various proteinogenic fining agents by ELISA

Hidden allergens are a common problem in food safety that has been known for many years. This is why the European Parliament adopted Directive 2003/89/EC amending 2000/13/EC. In addition to specific ingredients, Directive 2003/89/EC also requests the declaration of specific products that were used in the production and could be a risk for allergic individuals. This also includes the declaration of fining agents and lysozyme used in wines. In fact, it could be assumed that fining agents would be almost completely removed during the manufacturing process; however, until now there has been no necessity to analyze wine for these fining agents. By applying enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), residuals of fining agent proteins and the stabilizer lysozyme were investigated in various German wines. The results showed no detectable amounts of fining agents in wines, except for dried egg white and lysozyme, both derived from hen's egg white. For those products, adverse reactions against treated wines could not be excluded.     

Trade-offs and synergies in management of two co-occurring specialist squash pests

Journal of Pest Science - Co-occurring herbivorous pests may have shared or divergent responses to plant- and insect- derived cues, creating challenges for effective pest management in...     

Carbon dynamics in small tropical catchments under preserved forest and cacao agroforestry systems

Agroforestry Systems - Inland waters such as streams that receive carbon from terrestrial landscapes usually have a net heterotrophic metabolism and emit significant amounts of CO2 to the...