Biochemical and Protein Profile of Alpaca (Vicugna pacos) Uterine Horn Fluid During Early Pregnancy

South American camelids show high embryo loss rate, during the first 60 days of pregnancy. One of the factors which may be related to this situation is that over 98% of the embryos implant in the left uterine horn (LUH) even though both ovaries contribute similarly to ovulation. There is scarce information about the uterine environment of female camelids at any physiological state that could explain the capability of the LUH to attract the embryo and maintain pregnancy. We describe, for the first time, the biochemical and protein profile of uterine fluid (UF), addressing the right and LUH environment in non‐pregnant and pregnant alpacas. Different substrates, electrolytes and metabolites were assayed in both uterine horn fluids. Small changes were observed in glucose and total protein levels, which were more noticeable during pregnancy. In addition, 10 specific proteins were found in the left horn fluid in 5‐week‐pregnant alpacas, and two protein bands were identified in non‐pregnant alpaca right horn fluid. These results would provide basic information for identification of possible markers for pregnancy diagnosis, reproductive diseases and hormone‐treated animals evaluation and hence contributing to improve the pregnancy rate.     

单板含水率环形表面电阻检测法的研究

本文提出利用定压力、环形点、表面接触式探头、以单板表面电阻为表征其含水率参量,配合计算机系统,实现单板含水率及其分布特征的快速、无损检测新方法。     

Effect of estrus synchronization with norgestomet on the integrity of oocytes from persistent follicles in beef cattle.

Our objective was to determine whether oocyte integrity is compromised when oocytes are recovered from progestogen-induced persistent follicles. Beef cows were presynchronized using PGF2alpha (PGF). Cows detected in estrus after PGF were assigned to either NOR (one 6-mg norgestomet implant for 10 d starting on d 16 of cycle; day 0 = estrus; n = 112) or CON (control, no implant [n = 128] and presynchronized 8 d later than NOR). All cows received 25 mg of PGF at the end of treatment (NOR, d 26; CON, d 18). Treatments produced persistent preovulatory follicles (NOR) or normal preovulatory-size follicles (CON), which were measured via ultrasonography 1 d before slaughter. Ovaries were collected from all animals (NOR, d 27; CON, d 19) along with random (RAN) ovaries from cattle slaughtered on the same days. Cumulus oocyte complexes (COC) were aspirated from the preovulatory follicles with recovery rates of 63% across treatments. Small follicles (2 to 7 mm diameter) from NOR, CON, and RAN cows were also aspirated to recover COC. Preovulatory follicles were larger (19.5+/-.9 vs. 13.6+/-.4 mm, P<.05), serum P4 was lower (.4+/-.1 vs. 3.9+/-.2 ng/mL, P<.05), and serum E2 was higher (28.7+/-1.6 vs. 7.6+/-.8 pg/mL, P<.05) in NOR than in CON cows. Cumulus oocyte complexes recovered from preovulatory follicles (62 NOR, 64 CON) were matured, fertilized, and cultured in vitro for comparison of embryonic development. A subset (24 NOR, 34 CON) of COC were assigned morphological quality grades. A separate set of recovered COC (10 NOR, 15 CON) was fixed within 1 h after recovery for assessment of the stage of meiosis. Treatments did not differ for oocyte quality grade or stage of meiosis. However, COC from NOR cows had more layers of cumulus cells (P<.05), and more of those COC had undergone cumulus expansion (29.2 vs. 5.9%, P<.05 for NOR vs. CON, respectively). Development of cleaved embryos to the morula and blastocyst stages from preovulatory follicles (22.6% NOR, 18.9% CON) or small follicles (42% NOR, 40% CON, 42% RAN) did not differ with treatment. Oocyte quality and in vitro developmental competence were not compromised for oocytes from induced persistent follicles compared with oocytes from normal preovulatory follicles. Increased expansion of cumulus cells associated with oocytes from progestogen-induced persistent follicles may be relevant to the reduction of in vivo fertility associated with such follicles.     

基于β射线的单板密度检测实验

介绍了用β射线对单板密度进行检测实验,重点研究了木材厚度和β射线透射时间对单板密度检测结果的影响,并对其进行分析,得出了将β射线检测法用于单板密度的在线、无损自动检测上的应用条件.     

人凝血因子Ⅸ乳腺特异表达载体的构建及细胞转染

【目的】人凝血因子Ⅸ（human coagulation factor Ⅸ,hFIX）是凝血过程中的关键因子,对临床治疗血友病有着极其重要的意义。研究旨在构建人凝血因子Ⅸ乳腺表达载体,在猪乳腺上皮细胞中验证其乳腺特异表达能力,获得hFIX转基因雌性乳腺上皮细胞和猪胎儿成纤维细胞,为克隆乳腺特异表达人凝血因子Ⅸ的转基因猪做准备。【方法】按照TaKaRa公司RNAiso Reagent和Prime Script RT-PCR试剂盒的说明书,从人胎儿肝脏中提取RNA并扩增出人凝血因子Ⅸ（human coagulation factor Ⅸ,hFIX）cDNA序列,利用PCR方法扩增牛生长激素(BGH) polyA序列,将hFIX的cDNA序列与BGH polyA序列分别连接到表达载体pbCSN2-RC的牛酪蛋白（CSN2）启动子之后,构建带有新霉素抗性和红色荧光蛋白双筛选标记的乳腺特异性表达载体pbCSN2-hFIX-pA-RC。取本地屠宰的泌乳期猪乳房组织,利用组织块种植法培养猪乳腺细胞,并通过控时消化分离纯化猪乳腺上皮细胞,进行染色体分析后,挑选含有正常染色体数目的细胞,通过脂质体法将表达载体导入,经过G418筛选获得稳定表达红色荧光蛋白的转基因细胞,反转录、实时定量PCR验证乳腺表达载体构建的合理性和有效性。为了只对雌性胎儿成纤维细胞进行转基因操作,首先对培养的猪胎儿成纤维细胞进行SRY基因PCR扩增,确定其性别。之后,利用脂质体将证明有效的表达载体导入细胞,并进行G418和红色荧光蛋白表达筛选,对经过鉴定的阳性细胞进行扩大培养和冷冻保存,为下一步的体细胞克隆做准备。【结果】经PCR和酶切鉴定,人凝血因子ⅨcDNA和BGH PolyA成功克隆到载体pbCSN2-RC中,获得具有双筛选标记的pbCSN2-hFIX-pA-RC。转染后G418和红色荧光蛋白表达阳性的猪乳腺上皮细胞,经实时定量PCR鉴定,hFIX有高效表达,证明所构建载体具有指导人FIX在乳腺特异表达的能力,可以用于生产乳腺特异表达的动物。将构建的载体转入雌性猪胎儿成纤维细胞,经G418和红色荧光蛋白的表达筛选,成功获得hFIX转基因阳性细胞。【结论】pbCSN2-RC所含的牛β-酪蛋白启动子可以成功特异性诱导hFIX在猪乳腺细胞的特异表达,获得的hFIX转基因阳性猪胎儿成纤维细胞,为下一步通过体细胞克隆培育hFIX乳腺生物反应器奠定了基础。     

山楂PCR－SSCP反应体系与反应条件的优化

[目的]优化山楂PCR-SSCP反应体系与反应条件。[方法]以山楂为材料,采用改良的CTAB法分步提取叶绿体DNA和核DNA,对PCR-SSCP引物进行筛选,同时进行PCR-SSCP反应体系和反应条件的优化,琼脂糖凝胶电泳检测PCR扩增产物,非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测变性后的PCR扩增产物。[结果]rop B、rop L、rpo C1、ITS2、psb A-trn H 5对引物适用于山楂PCR-SSCP分析。电泳时,采用6%聚丙烯酰胺凝胶(交联度29∶1),4℃恒温,200 V恒压,上样缓冲液(不含甘油)与PCR产物等量混合,98℃碱(1%Na OH)变性15 min,电泳缓冲液为0.5×TBE,电泳3~4 h可得到较好的山楂PCR-SSCP电泳图谱。[结论]建立了山楂PCR-SSCP最优反应体系与反应条件,为山楂SSCP分析奠定基础。     

核果类果树设施栽培的主要增产技术途径分析

以果树栽培的产量构成因素为依据,从花芽分化、坐果率、单果重3个方面阐述了核果类果树设施栽培的增产技术途径.概括了花芽形成的主要条件,提出了物理控制和化学控制的促花技术途径;通过对核果类果树的生理落果特点及原因的分析,从栽植方式、破休眠管理、授粉管理、环境调控、激素调节等10个方面提出了提高坐果率的技术措施;通过对单果重构成的分析,提出了在果实发育的第Ⅰ阶段设施内应保持相对较低的夜间温度等6项增加单果重的技术措施.     

喷灌水肥一体化技术在北疆苜蓿生产中的应用

苜蓿作为优质的高蛋白饲料,被称之为“牧草之王”。新疆作为中国五大牧区之一,人工饲草料地建设滞后,长期以来饲草生产中普遍存在灌溉管理水平差,水肥利用效率低,高投入低产出问题,成为制约新疆现代畜牧业发展的瓶颈。近年来,新疆的农牧业龙头企业大力发展以大型喷灌机为基础的节水牧草业,迫切需求喷灌苜蓿节水高产优质生产技术。把水肥一体化技术与喷灌苜蓿生产实践结合起来,从品种选择、地块的理化性状、平整土地、系统管理、种植模式及群体指标、苜蓿各生育期的水肥管理和配套栽培措施等方面,阐述了水肥一体化技术在苜蓿生产中的应用技术要点,形成了具有普遍指导性的水肥一体化技术规范。该技术要点体现了喷灌水肥一体化的技术优势,可为北疆的喷灌苜蓿生产、广大农技推广人员、农技推广服务和农业领域科研工作者提供技术指导和参考。     

舍内不同氨气浓度对肉鸡抗氧化性能及肉品质的影响

【目的】探讨鸡舍内不同氨气浓度对肉鸡抗氧化性能和肉质性状的影响。【方法】采用单因素完全随机设计,将400只21日龄健康艾拔益加（AA）肉公鸡,随机分在4个呼吸代谢舱中,每个舱为1个处理,每个处理设4个重复,每个重复25只鸡。4个处理组分别为：对照组氨气浓度控制在＜3 mg·kg-1,试验组氨气浓度分别控制在(25±3)、(50±3)和(75±3) mg·kg-1。呼吸代谢舱采用全自动化控制养殖环境条件。试验期为21 d,21-31 d为试验前期,32-42 d为试验后期。肉鸡采用网上平养,自由采食和饮水。分别在32 d和42 d屠宰取样,测定肉鸡血液、肌肉、肝脏的抗氧化性能以及肉质性状。【结果】1）抗氧化性能：在21-31日龄阶段,随着鸡舍氨气浓度的升高,肉鸡血清超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性呈二次曲线增加（P＜0.05）,总抗氧化能力（total antioxidation capacity,T-AOC）活性和丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量呈线性增加（P＜0.05）;胸肌过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）活性和MDA含量具有呈线性增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）,而T-AOC活性呈线性降低（P＜0.05）;腿肌T-AOC活性有呈线性增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）,75 mg·kg^-1氨气处理组SOD活性显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）;肉鸡肝脏CAT活性具有线性降低的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）,MDA含量呈现线性增加（P＜0.05）。在32-42日龄阶段,随着鸡舍氨气浓度的升高,肉鸡血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活性呈二次曲线降低（P＜0.05）,CAT活性呈线性降低（P＜0.05）,50 mg·kg^-1氨气处理组SOD活性显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）;胸肌CAT活性呈线性增加（P＜0.05）,T-AOC活性呈二次曲线降低（P＜0.05）;腿肌GSH-Px活性呈二次曲线增加（P＜0.05）,75 mg·kg^-1 氨气处理组腿肌SOD活性显著高于其他各组（P＜0.05）;肝脏T-AOC活性具有呈二次曲线增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）,GSH-Px活性呈线性降低（P＜0.05）。（2）肉质性状：在21-31日龄阶段,随着氨气浓度的升高,肉鸡胸肌剪切力和肉色b*值呈线性降低（P＜0.05）,L*值呈线性升高（P＜0.05）;腿肌肉色L*值呈线性降低（P＜0.05）,肉色a*值和宰后24 h的pH值呈二次曲线增加（P＜0.05）,b*值具有线性降低的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）。在32-42日龄阶段,随着氨气浓度的升高,肉鸡胸肌剪切力和肉色a*值呈线性降低（P＜0.05）,b*值与屠宰后24 h肉质pH值均呈线性升高（P＜0.05）,50 mg·kg^-1氨气处理组胸肌肉色L*值显著高于其他各组（P＜0.05）;宰后45 min腿肌pH具有呈二次曲线增加的趋势（0.05＜P＜0.10）。【结论】鸡舍高浓度氨气可降低肉鸡的抗氧化能力,影响鸡肉品质,且随氨气浓度的升高而逐渐增强,具有时间累加效应。