Responses in milk production to the control of gastrointestinal nematode and paramphistome parasites in dairy cattle

Objective To determine the effect of treating naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode and paramphistome infections on milk production in dairy cattle.
Design A field trial.
Animals One thousand two hundred and thirty nine dairy cows.
Procedure Cows were either not treated or treated with 4.5 mg/kg oxfendazole, 16.6 mg/kg oxyclozanide or 4.5 mg/kg oxfendazole and 16.6 mg/kg oxyclozanide in March, May and August.
Results A significant increase in milk production, averaging 0.4 L (SE 0.2) per day, was seen when dairy cows infected with gastrointestinal nematodes and paramphistomes were treated with oxfendazole or oxfendazole and oxyclozanide in March, May and August. Cows treated with oxyclozanide alone at these times produced no more milk than untreated cows.
Faecal egg counts confirmed that oxyclozanide treatment reduced paramphistome populations and oxfendazole treatment reduced nematode populations in cows over the 7-month monitoring period.
Conclusion When dairy cows infested with gastrointestinal nematodes and paramphistomes were treated with oxfendazole alone or oxfendazole and oxyclozanide in March, May and August milk production increased.     

Serum antibody response to soluble extract of the third-larval stage of Ostertagia ostertagi in cattle

Serum IgG, IgM, and IgA antibody responses against L₃ antigens of Ostertagia ostertagi were monitored by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after one, two or multiple sequential inoculations of this nematode in calves. Following the first infection, antibody levels did not change. After a second inoculation, IgG increased significantly (P < 0.05) after 2 months. IgG was not significantly increased 1 month after challenge inoculation. IgM and IgA antibody levels did not change following the first or second inoculations of L₃. IgG antibody levels rose only slightly following multiple sequential inoculations with infectious L₃.

Results indicate that calves with ostertagiasis have very weak serum antibody responses to L₃, and these appear to be of little value in detection of the infection in these animals.     

Research Progress on Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in Animal Breeding Industry

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens is a kind of non-pathogenic bacteria and widely exists in the environment.During the metabolic process,Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can produce bioactive substances which highly inhibit the activation of multiple pathogens and fungus.In recent years,some bioactive substances are isolated,extracted and purified.With the deeper understanding of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,it is gradually applied in animal husbandry and aquaculture.This paper summarizes the application and action mechanism of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in animal breeding industry,it is expected to provide information for further exploration and application.     

The large‐scale capture of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus) and red kangaroos (Osphranter rufus) and its application to a population management project

Objective: A large‐scale capture method was developed to enable sterilisation of a macropod population in western Sydney from 2005 to 2018. Methods: Until March 2007, free ranging eastern grey kangaroos and red kangaroos were herded into purpose‐built 15 m diameter capture yards (CYs) for darting with a projectile syringe. From March 2007 onwards, animals were free‐range darted in large areas without herding. Kangaroos were darted with 1.33–5.10 mg/kg tiletamine/zolazepam and 0.01–0.02 mg/kg medetomidine, ± 0.03 mg/kg acepromazine. Deaths were monitored. Population counts were performed annually. Results: There were 5825 capture events involving 3963 kangaroos. Over 85% of all captures occurred from 2005 to 2008. Of all reported deaths (n = 523), 135 were attributed to ill health. Musculoskeletal injuries incurred during capture were the main project‐related cause of death (n = 116). Post capture myopathy was uncommonly diagnosed following capture (n = 19). Conclusion: The herding and capture method enabled a large number of kangaroos to be mobilised and captured with low mortality rates, and the use of CYs resulted in fewer capture‐related injuries and deaths than free‐range capture. The drug doses and combinations used for darting were safe and effective, and the capture technique was successfully applied to a population management project.     

巴林右旗干草原主要牧草的营养成分季节动态与饱和链烷烃组成结构的研究

通过测定10种牧草5月至翌年1月的7种常规营养成分含量及其中8种牧草7和10月的8种饱和链烷烃浓度,对巴林右旗典型干草原的主要牧草的营养成分季节变化规律和同一季节饱和链烷烃组成差异进行了研究。结果表明,多数草样的粗蛋白含量5月到翌年1月逐季显著降低(P<0.05),Ca含量10月最高(P<0.01),总磷(TP)含量5月最高(P<0.01),中性洗涤纤维与酸性洗涤纤维含量极显著正相关(P<0.01),Ca与TP含量极显著负相关(P<0.01);7、10月,多数草样的C₂₉、C₃₁饱和链烷烃浓度极显著(P<0.01)高于其余的6种饱和链烷烃,其饱和链烷烃组成结构的主成分值Z₁、Z₂的差异显著(P<0.05)。上述研究表明,巴林右旗干草原的主要牧草的蛋白质逐季减少且钙磷含量彼此反向变化,需对家畜及时补饲,其饱和链烷烃组成差异明显,通过链烷烃技术估测放牧家畜采食结构可行。     

不同品种紫花苜蓿转录组分析及营养品质差异的探讨

为了丰富紫花苜蓿转录组数据信息,找出不同品种紫花苜蓿的差异基因及代谢通路。通过Illumina HiSeq 4000平台对准格尔和WL319HQ的苜蓿叶片的RNA文库进行de novo组装。得到了约39G总的核苷酸,2亿多个reads,组装得到66734个Unigenes,平均长度为869 bp。将所得到的Unigenes与NCBI nonredundant protein(Nr),A manually annotated and reviewed protein sequence database(Swissprot),Clusters of eukaryotic orthologous groups(KOG)和Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes(KEGG)数据库比对,分别获得44888(67.26%),29190(43.74%),24844(37.23%)和15647(23.45%)条序列的注释信息。在2个紫花苜蓿叶片中找到1098个差异表达基因 (DEGs) ,其中有706个上调,392个下调(准格尔-vs-WL319HQ)。对其差异基因做了Gene ontology(GO)功能分析和KEGG途径分析,初步分析了2个品种营养品质差异的内在原因。极大地丰富了紫花苜蓿转录组数据信息,为今后紫花苜蓿的转录组测序提供理论依据,同时为紫花苜蓿生产实践提供参考。