Effects of dietary vitamin E and fat supplementation in growing-finishing swine fed to a heavy slaughter weight of 150 kg: II. Tissue fatty acid profile,vitamin E concentrations,and antioxidant capacity of plasma and tissue

The study aimed to assess the effects of vitamin E (VE) supplementation and fat source on fatty acid (FA) composition, VE concentrations, and antioxidant capacity in plasma and tissues of pigs fed to a heavy slaughter weight (150 kg). A total of 64 pigs (32 barrows, 32 gilts; 28.41 ± 0.83 kg) were blocked by sex and weight, and randomly assigned to one of eight dietary treatments (n = 8 per treatment) in a 4 × 2 factorial arrangement. Fat sources included corn starch (CS), 5% tallow (TW), 5% distiller’s corn oil (DCO), and 5% coconut oil (CN); VE supplementation levels were 11 and 200 ppm. Five-phase diets were formulated to meet requirement estimates of NRC (2012) and fed to pigs for each period of 25 kg from 25 to 150 kg. Increasing VE supplementation level increased C16:1 (P < 0.05) content but decreased C20:0 (P < 0.05) content in backfat and belly fat, while in liver, it increased C17:0 (P < 0.05) but decreased C18:0 (P < 0.05). Compared to the pigs fed the CS diet, the pigs fed the CN diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total saturated FA, the pigs fed the DCO diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total polyunsaturated FA content and iodine value, and the pigs fed the TW diet had greater (P < 0.05) content of total monounsaturated FA in backfat, belly fat, and liver. Plasma VE concentrations increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing length of feeding but faster (P < 0.05) in the pigs fed the CN and TW diets compared with the CS and DCO diets within the 200 ppm VE level; the pigs fed the DCO diet had the highest plasma VE concentrations (P < 0.05) from Phase 2 to Phase 5 within the 11 ppm VE level. The VE concentrations in liver and loin muscle (P < 0.05) increased with increasing dietary VE level from 11 to 200 ppm, but it was not affected by dietary fat source. There was no effect of VE supplementation and fat source on antioxidant capacity in plasma and liver except that pigs fed the DCO diet had greater liver SOD activity (P < 0.05) than the pigs fed the CN diet. In conclusion, dietary VE supplementation did not affect FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver consistently, while dietary FA composition with different fat sources affected much of the FA profile in backfat, belly fat, and liver. The higher level of VE supplementation increased liver and muscle VE concentrations and dietary fat sources affected plasma VE concentrations differently (P < 0.05), wherein the TW and CN diets increased the VE absorption greater than the DCO diet.     

小型西瓜栽培技术

小型西瓜小巧秀美,肉质细嫩,风味特佳,营养丰富,颇受广大消费者青睐。小西瓜生长期短、效益高也带动了菜农的种植热情。近年来,栽培面积在青海省呈上升趋势,但小西瓜生育特征与普通西瓜相比有明显差异。因此,在栽培上也有其特殊性,现就小西瓜栽培技术作简要介绍。     

Progress in Isoindolone Alkaloid Derivatives from Marine Microorganism: Pharmacology,Preparation, and Mechanism

Compound 1 (SMTP-7, also FGFC1), an isoindolone alkaloid from marine fungi Starchbotrys longispora FG216 and fungi Stachybotrys microspora IFO 30018, possessed diverse bioactivities such as thrombolysis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, and so on. It may be widely used for the treatment of various diseases, including cerebral infarction, stroke, ischemia/reperfusion damage, acute kidney injury, etc. Especially in cerebral infarction, compound 1 could reduce hemorrhagic transformation along with thrombolytic therapy, as the traditional therapies are accompanied with bleeding risks. In the latest studies, compound 1 selectively inhibited the growth of NSCLC cells with EGFR mutation, thus demonstrating its excellent anti-cancer activity. Herein, we summarized pharmacological activities, preparation of staplabin congeners—especially compound 1—and the mechanism of compound 1, with potential therapeutic applications.     

电生功能水和静电场处理对草莓采后生理的影响

以“星都2号”草莓果实为试材,研究电生功能水及静电场(-50 kV/m)处理对冷藏草莓(贮藏温度为0℃,相对湿度为85%～90%)果肉最大破断应力、呼吸强度、乙烯释放量及细胞膜透性变化的影响。试验结果表明：电生功能水处理明显抑制了草莓的乙烯释放,降低了草莓果实的呼吸强度,而静电场处理也一定程度地降低了果实的乙烯释放量,但对果实呼吸强度无明显的影响。二者均可保持贮藏期间草莓最大破断应力,延缓果肉细胞相对电导率的上升,从而有效地抑制采后草莓果实的衰老过程。相比较而言,电生功能水处理效果优于静电场。     

论新农村建设的四大关系

建设社会主义新农村,是农村经济、政治、文化、社会和党建五位一体的系统工程,是党中央统揽全局,着眼长远,加快小康社会进程,实现立体型发展的重大决策。具体实践中,需要强化理性思维,理清工作思路,统筹两个"战场",实行两个"转移",突出两个"主体",坚持两手"齐抓",全面推进新农村建设健康有序的发展。     

乙烯分解纳米光催化反应器关键性能参数研究

果品与蔬菜在采后贮藏过程中所产生和释放的乙烯是加速成熟、衰老和腐烂的重要环境因子。该研究采用纳米光催化技术开发设计了一种可以去除气调库中乙烯的玻璃管光催化反应器,并对其主要性能参数进行了模拟测试与分析。结果表明：气体流量、玻璃管直径与长度以及光源种类均是影响光催化反应器乙烯分解性能的主要因素。在该试验条件下,气体流量在40～80 L/h的范围内较佳;玻璃管的适宜内径为50 mm;在相同功率条件下黑光灯的光催化效果优于紫光灯。光催化反应器可以多级串联使用,以便提高系统的乙烯分解能力。这些研究结果为气调库用光催化乙烯分解装置设计提供了基础设计参数和指标。     

基于Openpose改进的苹果生长方向检测

【目的】苹果采摘机器人在果园作业过程中,不仅需要精准地确定果实的位置,还需要对苹果的生长方向进行精准检测,这样才能够实现机械爪规划出仿人式采摘的抓取方式,实现果实的高效采摘。【方法】文章提出了一种基于改进Openpose的方法,实现了对自然生长状态下果实生长方向的精准检测。改进方案主要从两个方面进行,首选是通过ShuffleNet V2和CA注意力机制相融合的方式替换原VGG19结构,降低主干的参数量,然后是结合单个苹果关键点的特征对该模型进行了去除部分PAF分支的优化改进策略。【结果】改进后的Openpose在各个指标上,全面超过了原Openpose,其运行速度是改进前的6.56倍,对于mAP、m AP-s、mAP-b、AP50和AP75这些参数,分别增长9.18%、8.50%、11.56%、1.67%和6.35%,并且在各项指标上超越了AlphaPose和CFA算法。【结论】经过对Openpose模型改进前后的对比和现有算法对比,证明了该文算法在自然场景下对果实生长方向检测的优越性和鲁棒性。     

STEAM教育理念在竹木玩具创新设计中的应用

随着技术发展和教育理念的变革,家长对儿童玩具提出了更高要求,于是基于STEAM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics)教育理念研发的玩具应运而生。文章运用市场调研和归类分析的方法,调查了国内市场上STEAM玩具的现状。结果发现,市场上现有的STEAM玩具设计普遍存在缺失原创性、独特性、运动性以及使用材料的环保性等问题,为此提出了竹木STEAM玩具设计应注重本土化、微课程化、环保化以及互动化的建议,并以此设计了一款竹制STEAM玩具。     

袋控释肥对斑苦竹林氨挥发的影响

为优化施肥模式、节能减排、保护竹林生态环境,文章通过实验室优选挥发氨的收集检测方法,并设置不施肥(CK)、袋控释肥(BF)、撒施肥(SF)3种施肥模式进行斑苦竹的林间原位监测试验,探讨袋控释肥对集约经营的斑苦竹林氨挥发的影响。室内实验表明,磷酸通气法、硫酸通气法、硼酸密闭法的氨回收率分别为90%、70%、60%;靛酚蓝比色法和纳氏比色法检测的回收率分别为90%、77%。基于室内实验结果,采用磷酸通气法收集、靛酚蓝比色法测定,开展斑苦竹不同施肥模式下的氨挥发监测试验。结果显示,袋控释肥氨挥发总量为37 kg/hm²,损失总施氮量的15%;撒施肥氨挥发总量为137 kg/hm²,损失总施氮量的56%。相较传统撒施肥模式,袋控释肥能有效节能减排,降低氨挥发,减少施肥对空气的污染,保护竹林生态环境。     

夜温对蝴蝶兰成花诱导的研究

在智能化温室内,通过盆栽试验,采用指标测量、方差分析、多重比较等方法得出:适宜的夜温在蝴蝶兰花芽分化中起着非常重要的作用,18℃是花芽分化的最佳夜温。虽然夜温在15℃时,花茎抽出最早,但花茎萌发率比18℃夜温处理低6个百分点,花苞数平均少1.8个;而18℃夜温处理的蝴蝶兰花茎萌发率比22℃处理高14个百分点,花苞数平均高3个。