无核葡萄胚发育及早期离体培养的研究:Ⅲ.培养方式对离体胚发育的影响

对5个无核葡萄品种的试验表明,不同培养方式对离体胚发育的影响是很明显的,其中4个品种胚发育率液体培养高于固体培养,‘京早晶’在液体培养中胚发育率高达73.7%,是目前国内外胚发育率最高的报道;液体培养比固体培养胚的发育程度高,发育整齐,无畸形胚,易成苗.     

Use of netting and whitewash spray to protect papaya plants against Nivun Haamir (NH)-dieback disease

A disease causing the decline of papaya (Carica papaya) plants was noticed in the Jordan Valley in 1982. The disease caused severe yellowing of the upper leaves and dieback of the apex. The disease was not transmissible mechanically and continued efforts to associate viruses and viroids have so far been unsuccessful. Epidemiological observations suggested that the disease is airborne and probably caused by a mollicute. In order to test this hypothesis, plots were covered by an insect-proof net and with white nets providing 15, 30 and 50% shade. The 30%, 50% and insect-proof nettings provided complete protection, and the 15% netting reduced disease incidence to <2%, compared with>37% in the uncovered control plot. Spraying plants at weekly intervals with a commercial whitewash solution was also found to be effective in reducing disease incidence. The advantages of using a range of netting field treatments as a simple means for obtaining information on the epidemiological nature of a new disease are described.     

Enhancement of sulfide auto-oxidation by metal ion in artificial seawater and a seawater which is a possible source of aoshio

SUMMARY: Aoshio is hypoxic milky blue-green seawater observed in some eutrophic bays. Previous studies have shown that colloidal sulfur causes the coloration and that the source of aoshio water is attributed to coastal anoxic bottom water. Occurrences of aoshio have been reported in limited areas of coastal seawater, although hypoxic transparent water seems rather universal. Promotion in auto-oxidation of sulfide by metal ions in seawater was investigated to explain the occurrences of aoshio. Artificial seawater containing 10 μM metal ion was assayed for the sulfide oxidation rate. The velocity constant which represents the oxidation rate within the initial 30 min and the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h were determined by oxygen monitoring and sulfide quantification, respectively. Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced the initial 30 min reaction. Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Ni²⁺ increased the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h, forming whitish turbid water. Seawater from a suspected source of aoshio water was also assayed for the auto-oxidation rate of sulfide. The oxidation rate in water from 12 m depth was 13–19 times higher than the artificial seawater without an addition of heavy metal ions. More than 15% of the oxidation rate in 12 m deep seawater was explained by dissolved iron in the seawater.     

槟榔红色素的抗氧化活性

测定槟榔红色素(areca red pigment,AP)对 DPPH·和·OH的清除能力、对脂质体过氧化的抑制能力、对Fe2+的络合能力,并测定其还原能力.结果表明:槟榔色素对DPPH·、·OH的清除能力较强:对脂质体过氧化的抑制能力很强,抑制率高达79.84%;与VE、没食子酸(gallic acid,GA)、BHT相比,槟榔色素的还原力、对Fe2+的络合能力较弱.说明槟榔红色素是较好的抗氧化剂.     

常见混凝土质量通病及防治措施

介绍了几种常见混凝土质量通病产生的原因,并提出了具体的防治措施。     

借鉴国外农业投融资做法发展中国农业

本文引用国外农业投融资的做法,提出了改善中国农业相对落后状况的办法,从认识农业投融资现状入手,构建出一套符合中国农业可持续发展的投融资体制.     

水稻畦式好气栽培法试验

以传统栽培为对照,研究畦式好气栽培对水稻根系、群体消长、产量构成因素及产量的影响。结果表明,畦式好气栽培显著提高了整个生育期水稻根系的生物量,与传统栽培相比,增幅达5.46%－11.18%;显著增加了抽穗后10cm以下土层的根系比例和根系活力,提高了根冠比,促进了水稻分蘖的发生,显著提高了水稻有效穗数、结实率和产量,每公顷可比传统栽培增产稻谷637.5kg,增产9.48%。     

泥鳅的生物学特性和人工繁殖及苗种培育

泥鳅是分布广、数量多的杂食性淡水食用鱼,其适应性强、疾病少、成活率高,且繁殖力强,有较高的食疗作用和药用价值。本文从形态特征、生态特性、食性、生长等方面系统介绍了泥鳅的生物学特性,全面介绍了泥鳅亲鱼的选育、人工催产以及苗种培育技术,为泥鳅的人工养殖提供参考资料。