甜高粱根际溶磷菌溶磷能力及菌株特性研究

利用蒙金娜培养基,从甜高粱根际分离具有溶磷能力的菌株,通过溶磷圈法筛选出5株溶磷能力较强的菌株,利用钼锑抗比色法和Salkowski比色法分别对溶磷特性与分泌IAA能力进行测定,结果表明,筛选的菌株分解磷酸钙的能力存在显著差异,溶磷量在107.26~233.95 μg/mL之间,各菌株均具有分泌IAA能力,IAA分泌量在15.23~27.79 μg/mL之间,接种溶磷菌后甜高粱株高、茎粗、干重都比对照明显提升。因此, 溶磷能力和分泌IAA能力较强的菌株(WD₅₁、WD₂₀) 可作为研制微生物肥料的优良菌株。     

胸腺嘧啶依赖型金黄色葡萄球菌小菌落突变株的分离鉴定

本试验对由患慢性奶牛乳房炎奶样中分离出的1株疑似金黄色葡萄球菌小菌落突变株(SCVs)进行形态观察、金黄色葡萄球菌相关保守基因片段(nuc、nucA、16S rDNA) 多重PCR扩增鉴定、药敏试验、生理生化特性研究及补偿试验。结果显示分离出1株金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs,该菌含有金黄色葡萄球菌菌种特异性基因nuc和nucA;与金黄色葡萄球菌质控菌株ATCC 25923的抑菌圈大小明显不同;菌落形态主要表现为菌落细小、生长缓慢、溶血能力下降;凝固酶活性下降;耐盐能力降低;革兰氏染色为革兰氏阳性球菌,呈葡萄状排列;补偿试验鉴定该金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs为胸腺嘧啶依赖型。结果表明成功分离鉴定出1株胸腺嘧啶依赖型金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs,为由金黄色葡萄球菌SCVs引起的奶牛慢性乳房炎的预防和控制及其致病机制的研究奠定前期基础。     

巴马小型猪在辽宁地区的适应性观察及血液生理生化指标检测

从广西巴马瑶族自治县引进巴马小型猪20头,进行饲养繁殖,观察其在东北环境下的适应性及血液生理生化指标的变化.经过2年的观察与检验,证实引进的巴马小型猪适应性良好,繁殖性能正常,性成熟期为2～3月龄,妊娠期为114～120 d,初产仔猪数为3～7头,经产仔猪数为5～10头,产仔猪数与母猪体重呈正相关(R²=0.96).血液生理生化指标检测结果显示,与巴马原种厂提供的数据相比,白细胞数(WBC)、血红蛋白(HGB)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、尿素(Urea)、肌酐(Cr)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、葡萄糖定量试验(GLU)、总胆固醇(T-Ch)、甘油三酯(TG)、胆碱酯酶(CHS)、Na、Cl、淀粉酶(AMS)和二氧化碳结合力(CO₂CP)均有显著差异(P<0.05),其余指标差异均不显著(P>0.05).结果表明由辽宁省饲养并繁殖的巴马小型猪的血液生理生化指标与人类具有一定的相似性,可以为辽宁地区试验应用巴马小型猪提供参考依据.     

金荞麦和玉米混合青贮对其营养成分和发酵品质的影响

将初花期金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys(D.Don)Hara.)与青贮玉米(Zea mays L.)按比例混合青贮,通过感官评价、营养成分分析和有机酸含量比较,探究两者的最佳青贮混合比例。试验设金荞麦与青贮玉米混合的比例共6组,分别为100:0(CK),10:90(A),30:70(B),50:50(C),70:30(D)和90:10(E),青贮40天后开封检测。结果表明:随着金荞麦比例的增加,青贮饲料感官品质下降,pH显著升高(P0.05),粗蛋白、粗灰分、钙、磷的含量均显著提高(P0.05),粗脂肪、干物质含量显著下降(P0.05)。通过对青贮饲料有机酸含量进行评价,其变化情况与感官评价及pH变化一致,即金荞麦比例越高,评价得分越低。综合考虑,青贮饲料中金荞麦比例不宜过高,从金荞麦利用最大化角度出发,以B组比例青贮为佳。     

禽类Toll样受体研究进展

Toll样受体(TLRs)是模式识别受体家族的一员,在天然免疫反应中扮演重要角色。在禽类中至今已发现10种TLRs。研究表明在机体感染病原体时,将激活TLRs并引起一系列抗病毒相关因子的上调,参与宿主抗感染免疫反应。论文主要介绍禽类TLRs的基本特征及抗病毒信号转导通路,同时对TLRs的抗微生物作用进行分析,为TLRs的分子机制研究提供参考。     

Isolation,Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Important Functional Genes of Porcine Pseudorabies Virus LC Strain

To find out the reason of the reproductive failure in pregnant sows in a hoggery in Guangdong, the mixture with brain, lymph nodes and lungs of farm abortion stillbirth were identified by PCR, virus isolation and culture, tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀) assay, homology and phylogenetic analysis of the important functional genes (gB, gC, gD and gE) and animal test. The results showed that the mixture was proved to be porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV) positive samples. The typical cytopathogenic effect was induced in the third passage of Vero cell and the titer of the fifth passage was 10^-6.8/0.1 mL. The sequence analysis and phylogenetic relationship of gB, gC, gD and gE genes showed that it was a Chinese PRV variant, which was named as LC strain. The typical pseudorabies clinical and pathological symptoms were presented in 12-week-old piglets inoculated with LC strain. The results demonstrated that a local pseudorabies virus had been isolated, suggesting that the Bartha-K61 vaccine was not fully effective for controlling the current epidemic of pseudorabies in China.     

血清1和3型多杀性巴氏杆菌铁调控外膜蛋白共同抗原的初步分析

用普通BHI和缺铁BHI培养基培养禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-19（血清1型）、P1059株（血清3型）,提取外膜蛋白（OMPs）,SDS-PAGE电泳比较不同培养条件下两株细菌的外膜蛋白,发现缺铁培养时2株细菌均增加了87、81、79、64、60．5ku铁调控外膜蛋白（IROMPs）。以C48-19株攻毒后耐过的鸡血清作为抗体进行免疫印迹,检测到其中的87、79和60．5ku蛋白是2株细菌共同的、具有交叉免疫反应性的IROMPs,推测这3种蛋白可能是这2个菌株的共同抗原,并可能在C48-19感染的鸡体内特异表达;对鸡胚尿囊液中培养的C48-19株OMPs的SDS-PAGE电泳和免疫印迹试验,也观察到类似IROMPs的表达。这些IROMPs的发现为亚单位疫苗的研制提供了候选蛋白。     

破伤风疫苗的研究进展

作者阐述了破伤风毒素的来源、危害、历史以及在预防破伤风方面的疫苗研制情况，破伤风类毒素制备工艺及其存在的不足，提出了亚单位疫苗、基因疫苗和基因工程疫苗等的优点和应用前景。     

Evaluation of Thermal Environment of Cowshed and Correlation Analysis Between Thermal Parameter and Physiological Parameter of Dairy Cows in Central Plain of Hebei

The purpose of this study was to evaluate thermal environment of cowshed in four seasons in central plain of Hebei,and analyze the correlation between the temperature parameters and physiological indexes of dairy cows.Three dairy cow houses with different building structures were selected,the thermal parameters (ambient temperature (Ta) and relative humidity (RH)) and physiological parameters (respiratory rate,rectal temperature and body surface temperature) were detected.The results showed that the Ta,RH and index of temperature and humidity (THI) changed significantly in four seasons (P<0.05),the average daily temperature in summer was the highest (28.59 ℃),and the average daily temperature in winter was the lowest (1.55 ℃).In summer,dairy cows were suffering from mild heat stress for 15.5 h every day,and from moderate heat stress for 6.0 h.In winter,dairy cows were under mild cold stress for an average of 12.0 h per day.The Ta and THI of three cowsheds in each season had no significant differece (P>0.05),except for that in winter.Compared with the cowshed with low wall or roller blind,the average Ta in the cowshed with only roof was 0.80-1.27 ℃ higher in summer and 1.36-1.84 ℃ lower in winter.In addition,the physiological parameters of dairy cows were extremely significantly higher in summer than those in other seasons (P<0.01).The respiration frequency or rectal temperature of cows among cowsheds in summer were significantly different (P<0.05),and the seasonal difference in body surface temperature was significant (P<0.05).Correlation analysis of thermal parameters and cow physiological parameters showed that the respiratory frequency,rectal temperature and body surface temperature were positively correlated with THI and Ta (P<0.05).However,there was no significant correlation between physiological parameters and RH (P>0.05).The results provided scientific basis for environment evaluation of cows,and physiological status of dairy cows were inferred according to environmental thermal parameters,which provided data for occurrence and early warning of stress.     

楼式高床羊舍对舍饲山羊的影响

在重庆市万州区研制、改造楼式羊舍,推广退耕还林地种草和舍养羊综合技术.并测定羊舍的小气候环境,舍养羊的草料消耗量、粪污排放量,比较研究山羊舍养羊与放牧饲养的生长、繁殖、疫病、养殖效益和对生态的影响,为三峡库区等地推广示范提供依据.