茨城病病毒S7基因的截短表达及间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立以茨城病病毒(IBAV)VP7蛋白为诊断抗原的茨城病(IBAD)血清学检测方法,本研究克隆了VP7蛋白抗原性、亲水性较强部分的编码基因,并在原核表达系统中表达了可溶性截短VP7蛋白。用截短VP7蛋白建立了IBAV间接ELISA检测方法。确定的阳性血清的判定标准为不低于0.32。特异性试验表明建立的ELISA方法可以特异性检测IBAV阳性血清。建立的ELISA方法与中和试验结果比较,符合率为77%。用建立的ELISA方法检测70份来自云南的牛血清样品进行检测,IBAV血清阳性率为45.7%。该方法的建立为IBAD的诊断提供了一种简单快速的辅助手段。     

草坪在城市生态系统中的作用及其应用分析

论述了草坪在城市生态系统中的作用,如改善小气候、净化大气、保持水土等。分析了目前我国城市草坪的应用现状,并对我国草坪业的发展方向进行了研讨。     

内蒙古白绒山羊Hairless基因实时荧光定量PCR标准质粒和标准曲线的构建

根据GenBank中绵羊、牛的Hairless和β-actin基因编码区保守序列,设计特异性引物,提取皮肤组织总RNA,经反转录RT-PCR扩增,产物回收纯化后与pGM-T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞Top10,质粒提取后经酶切、PCR和测序鉴定,获得阳性Hairless、β-actin重组质粒;将阳性重组质粒按103～107拷贝/反应梯度稀释作为模板,进行实时荧光定量PCR,系统软件自动生成标准曲线及回归方程。结果显示,产物熔解曲线峰值单一,说明引物特异性高,且无引物二聚体;Hairless和β-actin基因标准曲线相关系数分别为r2=0.998、r2=0.999,说明线性关系好。重复性试验结果显示,所构建的重组质粒9次同条件扩增Ct值具有良好的重现性,且变异率小于6%（107拷贝/反应除外）,说明标准曲线重复性好。试验成功构建了目的基因Hairless、内参基因β-actin的标准质粒和标准曲线,为实时荧光定量PCR检测绒山羊Hairless基因的mRNA表达水平奠定基础。     

中国柞树主要害虫名录(Ⅱ)

记述了我国有关鳞翅目(Lepidoptera)钩蛾科(Drepanidae)、尺蛾科(Geometridae)、蓑蛾科(Psychidae)、鹿蛾科(Amati-dae)、枯叶蛾科(Lasiocampidae)、家蚕蛾科(Bombycidae)、大蚕蛾科(Saturniidae)、天蛾科(Sphingoidae)共8个科的柞树主要害虫80种,分别介绍了害虫的中文名称、学名、寄主种类及主要分布区域,为有效控制尺蛾类、枯叶蛾类等柞树主要害虫的发生与危害提供相关的基础信息。     

Interferon-gamma, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10 production by T helper cells reveals intact Th1 and regulatory TR1 cell activation and a delay of the Th2 cell response in equine neonates and foals

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are important in orchestrating the immune response during health and disease. Recent reports indicated that cytokine mRNA expression in foals is often quantitatively lower than that of adult horses suggesting that foal T cells are not fully mature. Here, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from foals and adult horses were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and analyzed for intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10 production, representing the Th1, Th2 and regulatory T_R1 cell phenotypes respectively, by flow cytometry. In agreement with previous reports, all three cytokines were quantitatively reduced in foals compared to adults. However, the balance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines (IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio) showed a clear Th1-biased response in foals by 6 and 12 weeks of life, while similar IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios were found in foals and adult horses. By day 5 after birth, intracellular IFN-γ production by foal CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells resembled that in adults. Overall, IL-4 production was low in foals. IL-4⁺ cells peaked at day 5 of age when IL-4 was mainly produced by IgE⁺ cells. Relative percentages of IL-4⁺ Th2 cells were significantly lower in foals at all time points. The data suggested that equine neonates and young foals have an impaired Th2 response, that the immune response of foals is Th1 biased, that IFN-γ production by Th and cytotoxic T cells is qualitatively similar to adult horses, and regulatory IL-10 production by T cells is developmentally mature in foals during the first three months of life.     

Fournier's gangrene in a cat

Objective – To describe the clinical course of a cat diagnosed with Fournier's gangrene.
Case Summary – A 2-year-old castrated male cat was presented to an emergency hospital for evaluation of acute onset of lethargy, mucoid anal discharge, and fever. During hospitalization, with provision of supportive care, an area of necrotizing fasciitis around the prepuce and anus developed and surgical debridement was performed. Severe sepsis developed secondary to the necrotizing fasciitis and the cat was eventually euthanized.
New Information Provided – The purpose of this report is to document the first case of Fournier's gangrene in a cat that presented for mucoid anal discharge, lethargy, and mild ataxia, and to alert emergency clinicians to this disease process. Early detection of the disease with prompt, aggressive supportive care and surgical debridement is necessary for successful treatment.     

不同耕作措施对西北绿洲灌区冬小麦农田土壤呼吸的影响

在西北绿洲灌区多年田间定位试验基础上,研究了免耕秸秆覆盖(NTS)、免耕不覆盖(NT)和传统耕作(T)3种耕作措施下冬小麦农田土壤呼吸变化特征及其对土壤温湿度的敏感性。结果表明,3种耕作措施土壤呼吸速率日变化和生育期变化呈单峰曲线。免耕秸秆覆盖处理土壤呼吸速率日峰值出现在15:00,免耕不覆盖和传统耕作处理出现在14:00。3种耕作措施土壤呼吸速率生育期峰值出现在冬小麦开花期。从冬小麦返青至成熟,免耕秸秆覆盖和传统翻耕处理土壤呼吸平均速率分别较免耕不覆盖处理高43.01%和33.33%。3种耕作措施下土壤呼吸对土壤温度的敏感性(Q₁₀)依次为NT＞NTS＞T,敏感性为1.93~3.00;3种耕作措施下土壤呼吸对土壤含水量不敏感。说明在西北绿洲灌区,不同耕作措施下冬小麦农田土壤呼吸主要受耕层土壤温度的控制。     

0-8周藏马鸡与环颈雉生长性能及消化性能的比较研究

比较了0~8周龄藏马鸡与环颈雉的生长及消化性能的差异。结果表明:采食NRC环颈雉饲养标准的全价日粮时,藏马鸡生长正常、体况良好其体重和生长速度显著高于环颈雉(P<0.05);藏马鸡对粗蛋白、粗纤维、0~4周龄酸性洗涤纤维和干物质的消化率、饲料转化率及表观能量代谢率与环颈雉无显著差异(P>0.05);藏马鸡对粗脂肪消化率低于环颈雉,对NDF和4~8周龄ADF的消化率则显著高于环颈雉(P<0.05)。     

运输应激对畜禽的影响及其应对措施

由于集约化养殖的畜禽在进出养殖场、转群、集中屠宰前都需要运输,运输过程不可避免地伴有运输应激,这会导致动物的生理、心理状态和代谢过程发生相应地变化,严重时会给畜牧业生产带来巨大损失。本文综述了运输应激对动物生产性能、内分泌代谢、机体免疫机能和产品品质四方面的影响,并提出了一些针对性的应对和防控措施,以期为缓解运输应激给畜禽生产造成的不利影响提供借鉴和指导。     

气候变化对青藏高原高寒草甸适宜气候分布范围的潜在影响

为确定气候变化对高寒草甸分布范围的影响,以Holdridge生命地带性分类系统,采用A1、A2、B1、B2气候变化情景,分析了气候变化对我国高寒草甸潜在适宜气候分布范围的影响.结果显示:气候变化下,高寒草甸基准情景下适宜气候分布范围将减少,新适宜气候分布范围将增加,总的适宜气候分布范围变化不大,其中A1、A2情景下变化较大,B1、B2气候情景下变化较小;高寒草甸在基准情景下适宜气候分布范围的最小、最大值与中位数都将减少,新适宜气候扩展范围的最小、最大值与中位数将增加,总的适宜气候分布范围的最小、最大值与中位数变化不大;高寒草甸基准情景下适宜气候分布区南部范围将缩小,新的适宜气候分布范围将主要朝西部和西北部方向扩展,其中A1情景下变化最大,B1情景下变化较小;高寒草甸基准情景下适宜气候分布范围和新的适宜气候分布范围与我国年均气温变化和年降水量变化呈现正相关性.从而预测,气候变化使高寒草甸在基准情景下的气候分布范围将减小,新的适宜分布范围将扩大,空间分布格局将发生改变.