3种非常规粗饲料对宁乡花猪的营养价值评定

试验旨在比较猪对苎麻、构树与发酵构树营养成分的利用率,通过全收粪、回肠瘘管、Cr2O3指示剂法及套算法,采用4×4拉丁方设计,选择(30.00±1.78) kg的健康去势公猪(宁乡花猪)6头,共进行4期试验,各期分别饲喂基础日粮、70％基础日粮+30％苎麻、70％基础日粮+30％构树、70％基础日粮+30％发酵构树,测...     

阉割处理对12月龄早胜黄牛公牛肉品质的影响

[目的]为了研究阉割对早胜黄牛公牛肉质的影响,[方法]试验选择健康无病、发育正常、养殖环境一致的12月龄早胜黄牛公牛和阉牛（6月龄早期阉割处理）各3头,短期育肥3个月,屠宰后取背最长肌,对蒸煮损失、滴水损失、剪切力、pH值、肉色（L^*、a^*和b^*）、系水力、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、水分、粗灰分及氨基酸组成和含量进行了研究。[结果]试验结果表明：阉割公牛背最长肌的pH、红度（a^*）、黄度（b^*）、系水力、粗脂肪、Glu、Leu含量显著高于公牛（P<0.05）;而背最长肌蒸煮损失、滴水损失、剪切力、亮度（L^*）、粗蛋白、水分显著低于公牛（P<0.05）,在公牛和阉牛的氨基酸组成及含量中,多数氨基酸含量不存在显著差异,但阉牛氨基酸含量略高于公牛氨基酸含量。[结论]阉割处理可以显著提高12月龄早胜黄牛的嫩度和系水力,改善牛肉的色泽,增加牛肉干物质和氨基酸含量,说明阉割有助于提高早胜黄牛育肥公牛的肉品质。     

一株燕麦根腐病生防菌的鉴定及其防治效果

燕麦镰刀菌(Fusarium avenaceum)是引起燕麦(Avena sativa)根腐病的主要病原菌之一,为开发高效防治燕麦根腐病的绿色生物菌剂,本研究从健康燕麦根际土壤中分离筛选出一株燕麦镰孢菌高效拮抗细菌YF,并开展了形态学和分子鉴定,研究了该菌的抑菌谱及对燕麦镰孢菌的室内防治试验和作用机理。结果表明,该菌被鉴定为多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)。活性测定发现该菌对燕麦镰刀菌的菌丝生长抑制率达到70.69%,对孢子萌发抑制率为85.92%。通过抑菌谱筛选发现该菌对常见的8种病原真菌均有较好的防治作用。利用该菌发酵液处理后燕麦镰孢菌菌丝出现异常分枝、囊泡状畸形且伴有细胞壁破裂。盆栽试验表明,该菌对燕麦根腐病的防治效果达到81.45%,其防效显著高于化学农药多菌灵(61.87%) (P < 0.05),且该菌对燕麦表现出较好的促生长作用。因此,该菌株多粘类芽孢杆菌具备了开发燕麦根腐病生物防治菌剂的潜力。     

迪庆高海拔高寒地区秋播小黑麦引种试验

为挖掘迪庆藏族自治州冬春季饲草供给来源和探究适宜与青贮玉米(Zea mays)轮作的饲草种植模式,本研究在香格里拉小中甸地区开展了11个小黑麦(×?Triticosecale?Wittmack)和3个黑麦(Secale cereale)品种的秋播引种试验.主要通过株高、产量、抗逆性和营养品质来评价供试小黑麦的生产表现.结果表明:1)供试小黑麦和黑麦品种在产量和抗逆性方面均存在显著差异(P?相似文献   

草地流转对牧民家庭收入的影响:基于PSM方法的实证分析

草地流转有利于优化草地资源配置和促进畜牧业规模化经营,实证分析草地流转对牧民家庭收入的影响,对草地畜牧业的可持续发展具有积极意义.基于青海和甘肃两省牧区的入户调研数据,采用多元回归和倾向得分匹配的方法分析了草地流转对牧民家庭收入的影响,进一步探讨了不同草地规模和收入水平下草地流转对牧民家庭收入影响效应的组群差异.结果表明:1)草地转入有助于提高牧民家庭收入,草地转出对牧民家庭收入影响不显著.2)草地转入对牧民家庭人均年收入的平均处理效应为6576元,可促使牧民家庭人均年收入提高47.25％;草地转出对牧民家庭人均年收入的处理效应未通过显著性检验.3)草地转入对较大规模和高收入水平牧民家庭收入的影响更大,低收入和草地面积较小的牧户无法从草地流转中获得更多经济效益,可能扩大牧民收入差距.据此提出,应当发挥草地流转市场机制和法律保障制度在草地资源配置中的作用,完善草地流转中租金的确定机制,保护低收入牧户在草地流转中的利益,提高草地流转效率.     

Preparation of Cathepsin L1 Monoclonal Antibody Against Fasclala gigantica and Establishment of Double Antibody Sandwich ELISA

【Objective】 This study was intend to obtain cathepsin L1(rFgCat L1) specific monoclonal antibody and construct the double antibody sandwich ELISA.【Method】 Five BALB/c mice were immunized with 1 mg/mL rFgCat L1 protein for four times.Mouse splenocytes were isolated and fused with SP2/0 cells to construct hybridoma cells.Strong positive hybridoma cell lines were screened, 1×10⁶ cells were injected intraperitoneally per mouse to prepare monoclonal antibodies.Antibody titer and antigenic epitope were detected using ELISA method, antibody subtype and specificity were identified using Western blotting method.The double antibody sandwich ELISA was constructed by combining the anti-rFgCat L1 polyclonal antibody, and its sensitivity and specificity were tested.The positive and negative critical value was screened by 20 negative sera with positive control, and the constructed double antibody sandwich ELISA was verified by 47 goat positive sera and 47 dairy cow positive sera.【Result】 After immunization, the antibody titers in serum of 4 mice were all more than 10⁴.After isolated mouse with the highest immune response spleen cells were fused with SP2/0 cells total of 8 of them were positive cell lines were obtained after selective culture.5D5 and 7G6 were identified as strong positive strains with stable antibody secretion.After multiple subcloning screens and subcultures, the antibodies secreted in the cell supernatant were stable, with titers of 2⁹ and 2¹⁰ respectively, with ascites titers of 10⁷ and 10⁸.Western blotting and antibody subtype identification kits identified that the two antibodies were IgG1 type and the light chain was kappa type, both of which could specifically bind FgESP.According to the same antigen site was recognized by the two kinds of antibodies, the antigen titer of the two monoclonal antibodies were comparied, 7G6 was used as the coating antibody, and anti-rFgCat L1 was used as the enzyme-labeled secondary antibody.The optimized condition of method was that 7G6 was coated at a concentration of 2 μg/mL, the dilution concentration of anti-rFgCat L1 polyclonal antibody was 25 μg/mL, the dilution of Don-HRP-conjugated was 1∶4 000, 5% skimmed milk powder was selected as the blocking solution and the color development time was 25 min.The method was proved that could recognize the lowest antigen concentration of 0.625 μg/mL, also could specifically recognize antigen of Fasciola fasciatus.The constructed sandwich ELISA method was used for antigen detection of 47 dairy cow positive serum and 47 goat positive serum infective samples kept in the laboratory and the positive antigen rate were 72.3% and 78.7%, respectively.【Conclusion】 Anti-rFgCat L1 monoclonal antibody was successfully prepared and the double-sheet sandwich ELISA method for fascioliasis was constructed, which provided a good theoretical basis and material basis for the development of low-cost and rapid diagnostic kits.     

绵羊KAP11.1基因克隆、原核表达及皮肤毛囊表达研究

【目的】 对毛囊角蛋白关联蛋白11.1（keratin associated protein 11.1,KAP11.1）基因进行克隆及原核表达,并对KAP11.1基因在不同品种绵羊皮肤毛囊中表达量进行比较,探究KAP11.1基因在南疆地方绵羊品种间表达差异及其对羊毛品质的影响。【方法】 以平原型和田羊、山区型和田羊和卡拉库尔羊体侧皮肤毛囊为研究材料,以GenBank中绵羊KAP11.1基因序列（登录号：HQ595347.1）为参照设计引物,对KAP11.1基因进行PCR扩增,构建pMD19-T-KAP11.1克隆质粒,双酶切鉴定后构建pET-28a （+）-KAP11.1原核重组表达质粒,经PCR和双酶切鉴定后测序并进行序列分析,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞中表达,采用SDS-PAGE和Western blotting检测;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测KAP11.1基因在不同绵羊皮肤毛囊中的表达情况。【结果】 3种绵羊KAP11.1基因CDS区序列为480 bp,编码159个氨基酸,为不稳定的疏水蛋白。相似性比对结果发现,与参照基因相比,2种类型和田羊基因序列相似性均为99.79％,均在423 bp处发生突变,由C变为T,卡拉库尔羊基因序列相似性为99.38％,其69 bp处G变为T、93 bp处C变为T、423 bp处C变为T。系统进化树分析发现,3种绵羊和山羊亲缘关系最近,和瘤牛亲缘关系最远。KAP11.1蛋白二级结构主要由无规则卷曲组成。试验成功构建了pET-28a （+）-KAP11.1原核重组表达质粒,并纯化得到19 ku的KAP11.1蛋白。KAP11.1基因在山区型和田羊和卡拉库尔羊皮肤毛囊中的表达量均显著高于平原型和田羊（P<0.05）,在山区型和田羊和卡拉库尔羊中差异不显著（P>0.05）。【结论】 克隆获得480 bp的绵羊KAP11.1基因CDS区序列,成功构建了pET-28a （+）-KAP11.1原核重组表达质粒,并获得19 ku的KAP11.1蛋白,且KAP11.1基因在3个品种绵羊皮肤毛囊中均有表达。     

外源性RFRP-3和MLT对雄鼠初情期生长及繁殖性能的影响

【目的】探究外源性RF-酰胺相关肽3(RF-amide related peptide 3,RFRP-3)和褪黑素(melatonin, MLT)对雄性昆明小鼠初情期生长、繁殖性能的影响及两者之间的关系。【方法】以初情期雄性昆明小鼠为研究对象,单独给予雄鼠生理盐水、外源性RFRP-3或MLT以及混合给予RFRP-3、MLT,检测其对雄鼠平均增重、平均采食量、料重比、睾丸发育情况,血清生长激素(growth hormone, GH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing hormone, LH)水平,以及生长、生殖相关基因表达的影响。【结果】外源性RFRP-3能抑制雄鼠GH基因表达,并抑制体重增长,提高料重比;而外源性MLT促进雄鼠GH基因表达,使体重增长较快,料重比降低;RFRP-3和MLT共同处理下,GH基因表达增加,体重增长速度与单独给予MLT组接近。RFRP-3可抑制褪黑素受体1A(melatonin receptor 1A,Mtnr1A)、LH基因表达及睾酮分泌,小鼠睾丸各级生精细胞和间质细胞数量减少;MLT可促进Mtnr1A、LH基因表达及睾酮分泌,睾丸间质细胞密度极显著增加(...     

丁酸梭菌对肉鸡肠道短链脂肪酸含量和菌群多样性的影响

【目的】探究丁酸梭菌在肉鸡消化道内的定植能力以及丁酸梭菌对肉鸡肠道短链脂肪酸含量和菌群多样性的影响。【方法】选择90只健康状况良好的1日龄爱拔益加肉鸡,随机均分为空白组和丁酸梭菌组,每组3个重复,每个重复15只鸡。空白组灌喂生理盐水,丁酸梭菌组灌服荧光标记的丁酸梭菌,3 h及16日龄进行解剖并采集回肠上皮细胞观察荧光情况。随后另外选择30只健康状况良好的1日龄雏鸡,随机分为对照组和试验组,试验组1～6 d饲喂含丁酸梭菌的饲粮,之后饲喂基础饲粮,对照组全程饲喂基础饲粮,试验期21 d。在16和21日龄时,分别采集回肠和盲肠中段内容物,测定乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、丁酸、异戊酸、戊酸、己酸和总短链脂肪酸含量,并进行微生物种类、物种丰度比例、菌属以及蛋白功能丰度等差异分析。【结果】3 h及16日龄丁酸梭菌组回肠上皮细胞周围均呈现出荧光现象,表明丁酸梭菌能够定植于消化道上皮细胞。短链脂肪酸含量测定结果显示,与对照组相比,在肉鸡回肠内容物中,试验组16日龄乙酸、丙酸、异丁酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量均极显著增加(P<0.01);21日龄丙酸、异戊酸和戊酸含量均极显著增加(P<0.01),乙酸、异丁...     

酶制剂对水稻秸秆青贮发酵品质及体外消化特性的影响

为探讨纤维素酶、木聚糖酶及两种酶组合添加对水稻秸秆青贮过程中结构性、水溶性碳水化合物组分含量及体外消化特性和发酵品质的影响,试验设4个处理组:1)0.3%蒸馏水(对照组,CO);2)0.3%纤维素酶(CE);3)0.3%木聚糖酶(XE);4)0.15%纤维素酶+0.15%木聚糖酶(组合酶组,CX),分别于青贮3、7、14、30 d后取样分析。结果表明,与CO相比,CE、XE和CX组显著提高了乳酸、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖含量,显著降低了pH值、氨态氮、总挥发性脂肪酸、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、纤维素和半纤维素含量,减少了干物质损失(P<0.05)。酶制剂显著提高了水稻秸秆青贮饲料24、48和72 h时的累积产气量和干物质体外消化率(P<0.05)。青贮末期CX组有最高的乳酸含量(34.13 g·kg^-1DM)、体外产气量(68.27 mL)、干物质体外消化率(61.31%)和最低的pH值(4.36)。与CE和XE相比,CX组水溶性碳水化合物(葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖)含量更高。综上所述,添加酶制剂可促进结构性碳水化合物的降解,提高水溶性碳水化合物的含量,改善水稻...