Approach to Effective Control on the Project Investment

In this paper, in allusion to the three kinds of serious overvaluation (the budgetary estimate of project construction exceeds the rough estimate, the budget exceeds the budgetary estimate and the final accounts exceed the budget) causing uncontrollable project investment often appeared in domestic project construction,the main causes for that are analyzed. That is, the frequent project change and the malpractice of the cost managing system. In this paper, according to some real projects,the kinds and causes of project change are clarified and the malpractice of the cost managing system is analyzed. The effective approaches of reducing the project change, especially the united surveying and improving the cost managing system in order to make the effective control of the project investment are realized.     

Computer Simulation for Analysing the Melting Action of Mould Powders During Continuous Casting

When analysing the performance of casting powders in a specific casting machine, the thickness of liquid slag is a very important parameter. If the liquid slag thickness is not kept above a certain minimum value during the continuous casting operation,the surface and internal quality of the cast products will be jeopardised because lubrication between the strand and the mould is impaired . It is necessary, therefore , to choose the appropriate type of mould powder .In the industrial experiments, it is very difficult and expensive to study this sensitivity by introducing controlled variation in one parameter while keeping all the other constant. Numerical and computer simulation methods are used in the study .They can predict the liquid slag thickness developed above the liquid steel and distribution of the temperature. The sensitivity of the liquid slag thickness to variations can be determined in the material properties of the mould powders.     

Friction and Wear Characteristics of Plastic Alloy Bearings under Different Lubricating Condition

Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMW-PE) is a kind of high anti-wear engineering plastic with many excellent physical and mechanical performances. It has been widely applied in the field of mechanism such as bearing and pump. Effect of load, speed, time on friction and wear properties of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene(UHMW-PE)plastic alloy bearings under different Lubricating Condition are studied by using MPV-200 model friction and wear testing machine. The test results show that water lubrication reduces the friction coefficient of bearings but increases the wear rate as compared with dry friction. At the same time, wear mechanisms are analyzed systemically. It provides a theoretic basic for practical application of plastic alloy bearings     

Discussion about Saving Energy in Refrigeratory

Food refrigeration is regarded as a high energy consuming trade. Under the long period system of state operated enterprise,there are many phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy. Energy consuming is not very clear for production.Consuming in our country is far more than the international standard and there is a distance between the middle_westland and the eastland. As a enterprise that faces the international market,it is important for it to strength the management so that the cost can be reduced. Considering those phenomenons of ignoring energy management and wasting energy in refrigeratory at present, some measures such as improved the unreasonable operation process, strengthening the energy management and automation to realize automatizing operation are improved to reduce the cost for refrigeratory trades.     

Research on Design Methods for Reinforced Earth Retaining Wall with Cohesive Backfill

For the stability analysis of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill, this paper assumes that the state of failure surface is circular sliding surface and the bearing capacity is straight line relation with capacity and length of the reinforcement strip. These formulas agree with actual state of the reinforced earth retaining wall with cohesive backfill and result in saving reinforcement material in the design.     

Carrying Capacity of Stretching-bending Rectifier

In accordance with the deficient elongation of the Stretching-bending Rectifier, as well as the severe wear and slipping of V-belt , the driving system velocity ratio of rectifier and the calculation formula of the theoretical elongation are deduced, which are based on the analysis of its structure and reeling principle. The carrying capacity of the driving system is also analyzed and it reaches the main reason for the elongation of the stretching-bending rectifier that cannot reach request, which is caused by the step less torsion of fixed output of the continuously variable transmission. The improvement measure which can be achieved by increasing the stiffness of the spring to increase the output torsion of the continuously variable transmission is proposed. Thus it makes the actual coefficient of elongation,which can satisfiy the producing request.     

Determination of Molecular Weight and Distribution of Hyroxyethl Starch (HES) by Means of GPC- RI- MALLS Technique

The author introduces a method and experimental procedures that determine dn/dc,molecular weight and its distribution of the hyroxyethyl starch(HES) by means of Gel Permeation Chromatography-Refractive index-Multi-angle laser light scattering detection(GPC-RI-MALLS)techniques.The key experimental technique and results are discussed.The method takes CH3COOH/CH3COONa as mobile phase and solvent.The experiment gets satisfactory results.It can be used as a routine method to determine the hyroxyethyl starch(HES) molecular weight and its distribution.     

铁矿粉烧结液相流动性能的特征数方程的建立

为解决在研究铁矿粉烧结液相流动性能时通常只考虑面积增长率这一终点信息,而没有考虑过程信息的缺陷以及采用多个指标来表征流动性能在使用上的不便,对影响流动性的因素进行了分析,结合量纲分析和白金汉定理推导出了能定量表征流动性强弱的流动性特征数(LD),简化特征数方程后得到等效流动性特征数(Ld Θ)。试验采用了可视卧式高温炉,记录了铁矿粉烧结液相流动的整个过程信息,通过基础实验和对照实验确定液相流动的起点和终点之后,可以得到每一种矿粉相应的等效流动性特征数数值。测量5种铁矿粉在两种方法下的流动性指标,当只考虑面积增长率时的流动性强弱顺序为A>C≈D>B>E,新方法下为Ld ΘA>Ld ΘD>Ld ΘC≈Ld ΘE>Ld ΘB,两种方法下的指标相近,但是综合了各种重要信息的新指标能进一步区分出各个因素对流动性能的影响程度。     

人工合成甘蓝型油菜高频率再生研究初报

资源材料保存在作物遗传资源的研究与利用中起到非常重要的作用。该实验以不同来源的人工合成甘蓝型油菜KH106，KH109，KH111D为材料，以花序轴，子房，果柄为外植体研究其再生情况，结果表明，由芥蓝和小白菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH106的再生频率极显著高于由羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH109和KH111；与花序轴和子房为外植体再生频率相比，以果柄为外植体平均再生频率最高，差异达到极显著水平；利用不同预处理培养基处理不同时间，结果显示不经过预处理直接接种到分化培养基上再生频率最高。     

煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标临界值的优化

为了提高煤与瓦斯突出预测的准确性、保障采掘工作面的安全、高效推进和降低防突工程成本,根据“三率”(预测突出率、突出预测准确率、不突出预测准确率)各自具有的合理区间属性和权重,以张集煤矿采掘工作面为例,采用区间数关联决策方法,得出综合预测指标 F ′的最优化区间为［370,380］;根据加权灰靶决策方法,得出预测指标临界值排序为400、390、380等;取最优化区间和排序靠前的临界值的交集,得到煤与瓦斯突出综合预测指标 F ′的临界值为380,并开展现场应用。结果表明,考虑评价指标的区间属性,并取预测指标区间与排序靠前的临界值的交集作为煤与瓦斯突出预测综合指标 F ′的最优临界值方法是合理的。