26年连作影响下土壤酶活性和有机质组成

The study was to determine the long-term effects of subtropical monoculture and rotational cropping systems and fertilization on soil enzyme activities and soil C, N, and P levels. Cropping systems included continuous sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.), cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.), corn(Zea mays L.), and cotton/sorghum rotations after 26 years of treatment imposition. Soil under continuous sorghum and continuous corn had 15% and 11%, respectively, greater C concentrations than soil under continuous cotton.Organic C was 10% higher at 0–7.5 cm than at 7.5–15 cm. Total N followed similar trends with soil depth as organic C. Continuous sorghum had 19% higher total N than other crop species and rotations. With fertilization, continuous cotton had the highest total P at 0–7.5 cm and sorghum had the highest at 7.5–15 cm. Soil total P was 14% higher at 0–7.5 than at 7.5–15 cm, and fertilization increased 15% total P compared to unfertilized soil. Arylsulfatase, alkaline phosphatase, and β-d-glucosidase activity were the highest for sorghum and the lowest for cotton. Rotation increased enzyme activities compared to continuous cotton but not for continuous sorghum. Of all crop species and rotations, continuous cotton generally showed the lowest levels of organic matter and enzyme activities after 26 years. Fertilization significantly increased the yields for all cropping systems, but rotation had no significant effect on either sorghum or cotton lint yield compared to each crop grown in monoculture. Long-term cropping did not increase soil organic matter levels beyond short-term gains, indicating the difficulty in promoting C sequestration in subtropical soils.     

The Intercondylar Fossa of the Normal Canine Stifle: An Anatomic and Radiographic Study

The intercondylar fossa (ICF) in dogs consists of a cranial outlet, intercondylar shelf, caudal arch, caudal outlet, a medial wall, and a lateral wall. The normal cranial outlet is bell-shape and, in mixed-breed dogs (mean body weight 19.2 kg, N = 21), measured 5.8 mm cranially, 8.1 mm centrally, and 10.3 mm caudally. The ICF is oriented 12° from the dorsal plane of the femoral diaphysis and obliqued 7°, proximolateral to distomedial, in the sagittal plane. To adjust for dog size, a fossa width index (FWI) was calculated by dividing the cranial outlet width by the distance between epicondyles. The normal FWI as determined in this study was 0.18 cranially, 0.25 centrally, and 0.32 caudally. The fossa height index was 0.31. Contact between the ICF and the cranial cruciate ligament began at about 115° of extension. The contact area moved cranially in the intercondylar fossa as the stifle was extended. Evaluation of the ICF can be performed radiographically but positioning is critical.     

Canine adenovirus nephritis

Canine adenovirus is associated with a generalized disease of dogs characterized by hepatitis, lymphadenitis and vascular damage. During the course of the infection, virus localizes in the vascular endothelium of the kidney, with subsequent damage to the cellular components of the glomeruli. If the animal recovers, virus disappears rapidly from the glomeruli, but, in a proportion of cases, re-appears in the renal epithelium with resultant epithelial necrosis and interstitial nephritis.
Résumé. L'adéno-virus canin est associé à une maladie généralisée affectant le chien, caractérisée par l'hépatite, la lymphadénite et des troubles vasculaires. Au cours de l'infection, le virus se place dans l'endothélium vasculaire du rein et affecte ensuite les composants cellulaires des glomérules. Si l'animal guérit, le virus quitte rapidement les glomérules, mais, dans un certain nombre de cas, il apparaît à nouveau dans l'épithélium rénal, résultant en une nécrose épithéliale et une néphrite interstitielle.
Zusammenfassung. Das Adenovirus des Hundes ist mit einer Allgemeinerkrankung von Hunden verbunden, die durch Hepatitis, Lymphadenitis und Gefässchäden charakterisiert ist. Während des Infektionsverlaufs lokalisiert sich das Virus im vaskulären Endothel der Niere unter nachfolgender Schädigung der zellulären Komponenten der Glomeruli. Wenn das Tier genest, verschwindet das Virus rasch aus den Glomeruli, erschein taber in einem Teil der Fälle wieder im renalen Epithel mit sich daraus ergebender epithelialer Nekrose und interstitieller Nephritis.     

The clinical and radiological features associated with spinal tumours in thirty dogs

The clinical, neurological and radiographic features of thirty dogs with spinal tumours are described. Twenty were investigated at post mortem, and of these, eleven had primary nerve tissue tumours, four primary vertebral tumours, and in the remaining five the spinal involvement was secondary from neoplasms elsewhere in the body.