Atom Pair Distribution Functions of Liquid Water at 25{degrees}C from Neutron Diffraction

The structure of liquid water is described by three atom pair distribution functions gOO(r), gOH(r), and gHH(r). These functions have now been derived from neutron diffraction data on four mixtures of light and heavy water. They will provide a crucial and sensitive test for proposed models of liquid water.     

开发黑色保健食品前景广阔

开发黑色食品前景广阔。我国发展黑色保健食品具有许多有利条件 :1　我国有极为丰富的中药资源。据全国中药资源普查统计 ,全国现有中药资源 12 80 7种 ,在研制开发黑色保健食品时 ,还可考虑配用黑蚂蚁、杜仲、桑葚、乌梢蛇、蝎子、蜈蚣和蟾等。蚂蚁具有抗炎、抗风湿、抗衰老、     

犬瘟热病毒跨物种传播的研究进展

犬瘟热病毒(canine distemper virus, CDV)是具有高度传染性的病原。最初被描述为感染家犬的病原,现已被认为是一种可感染多种食肉动物的病毒,可导致被感染宿主发病,甚至大量死亡,并且容易在易感宿主之间跨种属传播。已有的研究表明,CDV暴发对野生生物种群的影响越来越大,并已经威胁到某些濒危野生物种的生存。另有研究表明,CDV甚至有成为人畜共患病原的可能。本研究拟对CDV在易感宿主范围扩大、自身基因突变和进入新宿主动态途径等方面展开综述,旨在为研究CDV跨物种传播的研究提供参考。     

规划引导下利津县村庄分类与整治策略

科学开展村庄分类及其整治策略研究是分区分类推进乡村振兴的基础和关键。以山东省利津县为研究区,基于规划约束和村庄自身资源禀赋提出了一套先分区、后分类的顺序递进式村庄类型划分方法体系。首先,依据规划引导和特色资源禀赋将村庄划分为城镇化区、特色历史文化区和一般农村地区;然后,构建村庄空间布局适宜性评价体系,利用Ward系统聚类法对一般农村地区的村庄开展具体类型划分;最后,结合村庄演化方向和资源禀赋、区位特点、社会经济状况,针对城镇化区、特色历史文化区和一般农村地区内的村庄分类结果提出不同的演化分类和整治策略。结果表明:先分区、后分类的顺序递进式划定思路有效落实了城镇开发边界和历史文化保护专项规划对不同演化方向的村庄的空间管控要求;利用Ward系统聚类法进行类型划分,能最大程度体现类型区的区内相似性和区间差异性,分类结果更加科学合理;利津县村庄可划分为城乡融合型(107个)、特色保护型(6个)、集聚发展型(21个)、存续提升型(180个)和搬迁撤并型(198个) 5类,根据村庄类型特征分别提出了不同演化方向下村庄的整治策略和发展建议。本研究成果可为区域乡村振兴战略实施、美丽乡村建设和农村人居环境改善提供理论和方法指导。     

采煤塌陷区裂隙优先流特征

研究采煤塌陷区裂缝优先流特征可为矿区水土流失和生态环境治理提供基础支撑。选择神府-东胜煤田石圪台煤矿采煤塌陷区2个裂缝宽度、条数不同的试验点,依据染色示踪试验,利用Photoshop CS 6.0和ArcGIS 10.2图像处理技术研究采煤塌陷区土壤裂缝优先流特征。研究结果表明:1)不同地表裂缝条件下,随着土壤深度的增加,土壤的孔隙度、含水量及田间持水量均呈增加趋势,饱和导水率呈减小态势;2)水平剖面上,土壤染色面积随深度的增加而减小,染色区域位置具有一定的连续性;3)垂直剖面上,土壤染色面积随深度整体上呈S形趋势减小;4)试验点1在地面以下8~54 cm区间染色路径较多,试验点2在地面以下12~28 cm区间染色路径较多。以上结果说明采煤塌陷区裂缝的宽度、条数等对土壤优先流产生重要影响。     

Nonabsorbable dietary fat enhances disposal of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether in rats through interruption of enterohepatic circulation

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers are lipophilic persistent organic pollutants (POPs), which accumulate in the environment, leading to human exposure. The compounds exert a negative impact on human health. Strategies to prevent or diminish their accumulation in humans are required. We investigated in rats whether the disposal rate of 14C-labeled tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) could be enhanced by increasing fecal fat excretion through dietary treatment with nonabsorbable fat (sucrose polyester, SPE). As compared to control rats, SPE treatment increased fecal excretion rates of fat (+188%, p < 0.05) and 14C-BDE-47 (+291%, p < 0.05). On the basis of biliary secretion and fecal excretion rates of 14C-BDE-47, SPE effectively inhibited the enterohepatic circulation of 14C-BDE-47. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of nonabsorbable fat can enhance excretion of hydrophobic POPs by interruption of their enterohepatic circulation. Our data indicate that this strategy could decrease concentrations of hydrophobic POPs in the human body and thereby their impact on human health.     

油菜割晒机双曲柄平面五杆拨禾轮设计与试验

为减少油菜割晒机拨禾轮易缠绕和挂禾等问题,提出了一种双曲柄平面五杆拨禾轮机构,建立了该拨禾轮机构的运动学分析模型.根据双曲柄平面五杆机构存在的约束条件,基于编制的拨禾轮拨指运动分析程序,采用人机交互方式得到了一组满足油菜割晒拨禾要求的拨禾轮机构结构参数组合,实现了拨禾轮拨指低速入禾、加速推送、快速出禾和拨指翻转的动作要...     

Influence of soil pH-sorption interactions on imazethapyr carry-over

Soil pH affects imazethapyr sorption-desorption, which in turn can affect persistence and bioavailability. Long-term imazethapyr carry-over has been observed in soil that is below pH 6.5, resulting in significant sugarbeet damage. Imazethapyr concentration decreased rapidly in field soil, regardless of pH. Despite similar amounts of imazethapyr remaining in aged soils at different pH levels, there were differences in bioavailability, which can be explained by sorption-desorption. At low pH more imazethapyr was sorbed than at high pH, but it readily desorbed. At high pH less imazethapyr was sorbed initially, but it did not readily desorb. Thus, after 3 months, the remaining imazethapyr in low-pH soil was desorbable and bioavailable, resulting in injury to canola and sugarbeet. Liming aged, low-pH soil released bound imazethapyr residues, which would then be degraded and result in less carry-over.     

中国不同地区烟草寄生疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)菌株的随即多态性DNA扩增分析

来自中国云南、辽宁、山东3省的烟草寄生疫霉（Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)菌株的致病性已被划分为3种致病类型组，即强致病性组、中致病性组和弱致性组。上述省是中国的烟草主产区，选自云南省的15个烟草寄生疫霉菌株、山东省的13个烟草寄生霉菌株和辽宁省的20个烟草寄生疫霉菌株，选择3个烟草栽培品种在温室内进行接种试验测定不同菌株的致病性分化。提取受试菌株的DNA，利用PCR技术对受试苗菌株的模板DNA进行随机多态性扩增分析，对扩增DNA片段谱带借助于UPGMA分析法构建遗传树，结果表明，受试菌株被划分为4个遗传聚类组，每个遗传聚类组内包括不同的烟草寄生疫霉致病性菌株，而且来自于不同烟区相同的致病性菌株和每种致病性的不同菌株皆不属于同一个遗传聚类组内。结果表明RAPD－PCR的遗传标记分析结果与不同致病性组的划分未有明显的区别。因此，随机多态性DNA图谱的相同与不同不能当作区分来自不同烟区的烟草寄生疫霉的致病性分化的分子检测的工具。