长江口日本鳗鲡群体遗传多样性RAPD初步分析

对2005年采集自长江口地区4个采样点、5批、共10尾性成熟前成鳗、82尾玻璃鳗的日本鳗鲡样本的遗传多样性进行了RAPD分析。在51条随机引物中筛选出具有稳定扩增、条带清晰的多态性引物16条,16条引物共检测到132个位点,其中多态位点114个（86．36％）。五个采样群体各自的平均杂合度（Hc）在0．2053～0．3150之间,平均基因多样性指数（Ho）在0．2974～0.4526之间;采样群体两两间的遗传分化指数几,在0．0508～0．1524之间。群体内遗传变异和群体间遗传变异对群体总遗传变异的贡献率分别为79．18％和20．82％;Nei的遗传距离在0．0593～0．1425之间;在玻璃鳗采样群体间未发现遗传差异同采样地点及月份有何显著关系,显示它们可能同属一个大混合群体。而遗传距离、遗传分化指数及NJ树分析结果一致表明：成鳗和玻璃鳗之间可能存在相当的遗传距离和遗传分化。     

投喂频率对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼生长及蛋白酶活力的影响

研究了不同投喂频率对瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料转化率及蛋白酶活力的影响。实验共设5组不同投喂频率：0．5、1、2、3和4次／d,每组3个重复,每次饱食投喂。隔20d取样检验一次,试验周期60d。研究发现：21～60d瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼的摄食率和特定生长率随投喂频率的增加而显著升高（P〈0．05）;3次／d组饲料转化率显著高于0．5次／d组（P〈0．05）,而其他各组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）;胃和肠蛋白酶活力随投喂频率增加而显著降低（P〈0．05）。根据实验结果,建议瓦氏黄颡鱼幼鱼在集约化饲养条件下的最适投喂频率为3次／d。     

温盐环境突变对海蜇幼体生存的影响

为配合2005年辽东湾渔场海蜇人工增殖放流项目,笔者对人工放流过程中,海蜇幼体由于从育苗室人海而引起的温盐环境突变以及在长途运输过程中引起的死亡率进行实验研究,其死亡率直接影响到海蜇的回捕率,进而对辽东湾渔场海蜇的资源量造成影响。实验中发现,在超出海蜇生存最佳盐度范围（20～30）,海蜇在高温（30℃、35℃）条件下,较高盐度组（35、40）较较低盐度组（15、20）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。同时,在低温（10℃、15℃）条件下,较低盐度组（15、20）较较高盐度组（35、40）的海蜇幼体的生存状态好、成活率高。     

小球藻遗传转化技术研究进展

小球藻(Chlorella)是一种单细胞真核藻类,属绿藻门、绿藻纲、绿球藻目、小球藻科、小球藻属[1].作为最早开发的真核微藻之一,具有高营养价值、生长快速、结构简单、易工业化集成等显著优点.其细胞形态为球形或椭圆形,直径 3～12μm,呈单生或聚集成群状生长[2],分布广泛,多见于淡水、咸水和土壤中.作为地球上最早的...     

大理市森林资源分布格局及其保护现状分析

基于GIS空间分析技术,分析了大理市森林资源结构及其保护现状.结果表明,大理市林地面积占国土面积的56.70％,主要由有林地和灌木林地组成,占林地面积的94.79％;森林主要由乔木林组成,占比达93.60％;林地资源分布均匀,整体上分布于洱海四周山区,龄组结构合理;林地资源保护强度较高.     

养殖业中日粮阴阳离子平衡的研究

生理体液的酸碱平衡对动物生理活动和最佳生产性能的发挥十分重要,日粮电解质平衡直接参与机体酸碱平衡的维持与调节,从而对动物的健康、生产性能等产生重要影响。根据不同品种、环境、季节等配制不同阴阳离子水平的日粮在动物生产中很重要。     

桃脆片加工过程中3种农药残留动态

采用田间喷药和室内模拟加工方式,研究变温压差膨化法和真空冷冻干燥法加工桃脆片过程中,毒死蜱、多菌灵和吡虫啉的残留动态,为桃脆片膳食暴露风险评估以及加工过程中农药残留消减提供科学指导.结果表明:去皮是去除桃果实中毒死蜱残留的关键步骤,去除率高达84.7％;清洗和去皮是去除桃果实中多菌灵残留的关键步骤,去除率分别为48.8...     

四川省菊科艾纳香属一新记录种

通过野外调查及标本鉴定研究,报道了菊科旋覆花族六耳铃在中国四川省的新分布记录。本文提供了它们详细形态描述、新纪录标本及其在中国的地理分布。这一发现进一步丰富了四川省植物多样性和中药材资源种类。     

Physiological response of flag leaf and yield formation of winter wheat under different spring restrictive irrigation regimes in the Haihe Plain,China

In order to identify the optimum period of spring water-restrictive irrigation for winter wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) in the Haihe Plain, China and elucidate its effects on flag leaf senescence and yield formation, field experiments were conducted at the Xinji Experimental Station of Hebei Agricultural University from 2016 to 2019 by using different irrigation regimes in spring, including the conventional regime involving two irrigation periods(control(CK), the 3-leaf unfolding stage and the anthesis stage) and a series of single, restrictive irrigation regimes(SRI) comprising irrigation at the 3-leaf unfolding stage(3 LI), 4 LI, 5 LI, and 6 LI. There are five major findings:(1) The senescence(determined by the green leaf area, GLA) in the 4 LI treatment occurred moderately earlier than that in CK, showed no significant difference with that in 5 LI and 6 LI, and occurred significantly later than that in 3 LI.(2) Compared with other SRI treatments, the GLA value and photosynthetic rate in 4 LI were 14.82 and 20.1% higher, respectively. Microstructural analysis of flag leaf also revealed that the mesophyll cells and chloroplasts were irregularly arranged under drought stress in 3 LI and 6 LI; however, drought stress had minimal negative effects on the microstructure in 4 LI and 5 LI.(3) Postponed irrigation in spring could significantly increase superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) activities in the early stage of grain filling; however, these activities would subsequently decrease. Among the four SRI treatments, the overall enzyme activities were the highest in 4 LI, and the combined malondialdehyde(MDA) content in flag leaves in 4 LI and 5 LI was 14.5% lower on average than that in 3 LI and 6 LI.(4) The soluble sugar(SS) and proline(Pro) contents in 4 LI were the highest among the four SRI treatments; however, they were lower than those in CK. The abscisic acid(ABA) hormone content in 4 LI and 5 LI was lower than that in 3 LI and 6 LI, respectively, suggesting a smaller drought stress effect in 4 LI and 5 LI.(5) In two growing seasons, there was a larger number of spikes per unit area in 4 LI(i.e., 13.4% higher than that in 5 LI and 6 LI) and the 1 000-grain weight in 4 LI was the highest among the four SRI treatments(i.e., 6.0% higher than that in the other three SRI treatments). Therefore, a single restrictive irrigation regime at the 4-leaf unfolding stage is recommended to be effective in slowing down the senescence process of flag leaves and achieving high yield.     

中华鲟硬组织微结构及微化学的特征探索

为了在中华鲟洄游生态学研究上有新突破,实验首次比较研究了中华鲟3种硬组织(耳石、背骨板和胸鳍条)的微结构和微化学特征.结果 发现,耳石结构松散,存在多个耳砂(微晶球霰石球晶)颗粒,且每个颗粒均具有独立的核心;背骨板存在分层现象;胸鳍条结构较为致密,且均一.胸鳍条、耳石中生境元素Co/Ca、Sr/Ca和Ba/Ca比特征变...