浅谈海原县肉牛繁育现状及对策

本文对现阶段海原县肉牛繁育现状进行总结,即基础母牛饲养量逐年增加,品种趋向良种化;养殖模式由单一散养户逐渐转向规模场(户);养殖技术由原始粗放逐渐转向科学精细化;地方政策支持力度加大,配套体系逐渐健全。并分析了几个制约肉牛良繁的问题：即中大规模养牛场出现本交现象;饲养管理不精准导致“一年一胎”难实现;犊牛成活率低等问题。针对存在的问题从提高冷配繁育技术、母牛规范化饲养管理、提高犊牛成活等方面提出了相应的解决办法。     

甘孜藏牛mtDNA 基因组遗传多样性分析

［目的］探究甘孜藏牛的mtDNA基因组遗传多样性与母系起源。［方法］采用mtDNA全基因组序列比对及生物信息学方法。［结果］结果显示：在28头甘孜藏牛mtDNA 基因组中,共检测到1232个变异位点,确定了22种单倍型,其单倍型多样度（Hd）为0.98820±0.00010,核苷酸多样度（Pi）为0.02420±0.00003,表明甘孜藏牛具有丰富的母系遗传多样性。系统发育树和网络分布图表明,28头甘孜藏牛mtDNA基因组包括4种母系支系,分别为普通牛的T2、T3与T4支系,还有牦牛支系,其中T2支系占7.14%,T3支系占64.29%,T4支系占3.57%,牦牛支系占25 %。［结论］甘孜藏牛具有较丰富的母系遗传多样性,为普通牛母系起源,但与牦牛有杂交。     

高油酸花生增硒高产栽培技术

高油酸花生的油酸含量大于75%,抗氧化性强,营养价值、保健价值及经济价值高。硒是人体必需的微量元素之一,具有增加人体免疫力、预防心血管疾病、排毒解毒等功效。人体内的硒元素只能通过食物获取,因此人体必须补充含硒元素的食物。在缺硒地块中生长的植物硒含量低,人工外源施硒可增加植物中硒元素含量。总结出一种高油酸花生增硒高产栽培技术,使高油酸花生兼具富硒特点,增加其经济价值。     

优质甘薯新品种齐宁19 号的高效栽培技术

齐宁19号是济宁市农业科学研究院以龙薯9号为母本经放任授粉系统选育而成的淀粉、鲜食兼用型甘薯新品种,具有高产稳产、抗病性好、食味优等特点。2022年通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,登记编号为GPD甘薯（2022）370054;2023年获得植物新品种权,品种权号为CNA20201002577。主要介绍了齐宁19号的品种特征特性、产量表现及配套轻简化栽培技术等,以期为其推广应用提供技术参考。     

跨膜蛋白VRAC的结构及生物学功能研究进展

跨膜蛋白是一类位于细胞膜上的重要蛋白质,对于维持细胞稳态和调节细胞的生长发育具有关键作用,因此一直受到广泛研究。本文将介绍一种重要的跨膜蛋白——体积调节阴离子通道（Volume Regulated Anion Channel, VRAC）,并全面综述其分子结构特征和多个生理功能,旨在为后续研究工作提供参考。     

干旱胁迫对北苍术种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响

用聚乙二醇（PEG-6000）模拟干旱胁迫,探究其对北苍术种子萌发及幼苗生理特性的影响。分别以 5%、10%、15%、20%、25% 浓度的 PEG-6000 溶液对内蒙古赤峰和河北承德的北苍术种子进行处理,分析种子的萌发时间、发芽势、发芽率、根长、茎长和呼吸速率指标变化;发芽后模拟自然干旱,探究其对幼苗光合速率的影响。结果表明,河北种子的萌发时间比内蒙古种子短;内蒙古种子和河北种子的发芽率随着干旱胁迫的加剧先升高后降低,在 10% 干旱胁迫下,种子的发芽率最高,内蒙古种子为 49.97%,河北种子为 80.00%;在 25% 干旱胁迫下,种子的发芽率最低,内蒙古种子的发芽率为 6.67%,河北种子的发芽率为 31.07%。2 种种子的发芽势、根长、茎长和呼吸速率均随着干旱胁迫的加剧逐渐降低,但整体上河北种子的降低程度小于内蒙古种子。自然干旱胁迫 6d 后,北苍术幼苗的光合速率降低。     

Metabolic Profiling and In Vitro Assessment of the Biological Activities of the Ethyl Acetate Extract of Penicillium chrysogenum “Endozoic of Cliona sp. Marine Sponge” from the Red Sea (Egypt)

Marine sponge-derived endozoic fungi have been gaining increasing importance as promising sources of numerous and unique bioactive compounds. This study investigates the phytochemical profile and biological activities of the ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium chrysogenum derived from Cliona sp. sponge. Thirty-six compounds were tentatively identified from P. chrysogenum ethyl acetate extract along with the kojic acid (KA) isolation. The UPLC-ESI-MS/MS positive ionization mode was used to analyze and identify the extract constituents while 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy were used for kojic acid (KA) structure confirmation. The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities were assessed in vitro. Both the extract and kojic acid showed potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with MIC 250 ± 0.82 µg/mL. Interestingly, the extract showed strong antifungal activity against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 93.75 ± 0.55 and 19.53 ± 0.48 µg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, KA showed the same potency against Fusarium oxysporum and Cryptococcus neoformans with MIC 39.06 ± 0.85 and 39.06 ± 0.98 µg/mL, respectively. Ultimately, KA showed strong antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ 33.7 ± 0.8 µg/mL. Moreover, the extract and KA showed strong cytotoxic activity against colon carcinoma (with IC₅₀ 22.6 ± 0.8 and 23.4 ± 1.4 µg/mL, respectively) and human larynx carcinoma (with equal IC₅₀ 30.8 ± 1.3 and ± 2.1 µg/mL, respectively), respectively. The current study represents the first insights into the phytochemical profile and biological properties of P. chrysoenum ethyl acetate extract, which could be a promising source of valuable secondary metabolites with potent biological potentials.     

The effect of propionic acid on the storage losses of hay

Storage losses in moist hay treated with propionic acid were compared with those occurring in untreated moist hay in two experiments and with field-cured hay in three experiments. Dry matter losses in treated hays ranged from 41 to 8.6% and from 1.7 to 12.6% in untreated hays. Digestible organic matter losses in both treated and untreated hays were generally greater than dry matter losses. Only in one experiment did propionic acid application significantly reduce nutrient losses in moist hays. Nutrient losses, and water-soluble carbohydrate losses in particular, were shown to be correlated with maximum and cumulative bale temperatures during storage in two of the experiments. The rise in hale temperatures during storage was reduced in all three experiments, to a greater or lesser extent, by application of the additive. Loss of propionic acid from the hay during and after application was very large. In the three experiments 86.2, 85.3 and 85.6% of the acid applied was lost by the end of the storage period. Acid distribution studies indicated that variation in acid concentration within bales was as great as between bales. It was concluded that more research is needed into applicator design and position on the baler and into alternative application methods if the benefits of propionic acid as a moist hay preservative are to be fully exploited.