New sources and antifungal activity of sesquiterpene lactones.

In the search for new sources of sesquiterpene lactones, six Centaurea species have been analyzed. The activity against the fungus Cunninghamella echinulata of (+)-cnicin (1) and (+)-salonitenolide (2), isolated from the Centaurea plants, as well as that of (+)-costunolide (3), (-)-dehydrocostuslactone (4), (-)-lychnopholide (5) and (-)-eremantholide C (6), has been evaluated. Compounds 3 and 4 showed noticeable EC50 values, whilst more polar lactones were inactive. These results suggest that a relatively low polarity is one of the molecular requirements for the antifungal activity of sesquiterpene lactones.     

野生番茄单片段渐渗系的创建及应用

 野生种质的自然变异是植物育种和品种改良的重要遗传资源, 标记辅助单片段渐渗系的构建为野生资源优良等位基因的有效利用提供了新的工具。本文综述了野生番茄单片段渐渗系的创建及其在基因精细定位、QTL遗传效应分析以及图位克隆中的应用。     

微生物饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡大肠杆菌抑制及血液生化指标的影响

将216只商品代肉用公雏随机分成4组,对照组分别为空白组和150mg/kg金霉素组,处理组分别使鸡只饮服2种不同的微生物饲料添加剂,定期检测直肠中大肠杆菌数量,研究微生物制剂在体内与大肠杆菌的生物颉颃作用,在肉仔鸡前期和中期测定血液生化指标,研究微生物饲料添加剂对肉仔鸡免疫功能和血液指标的影响。结果显示,2种液态微生物饲料添加剂可促进肉仔鸡生长,使42日龄体质量分别比对照组高4.71%和2.62%,可提高肉仔鸡的存活率(P<0.05),降低直肠中大肠杆菌的数量(P<0.05),降低血液中甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白,升高高密度脂蛋白。     

外源氨基酸对烟叶氨基酸含量的影响

 通过水培试验在营养液中添加氨基酸对烤烟生长的影响。研究表明,3种氨基酸处理均比对照明显促进了烤烟生长,提高了叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b与类胡萝卜素的含量,增强了硝酸还原酶活性和蔗糖转化酶活性,提高了根系活力。外源谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、苯丙氨酸都可以增加烟叶氨基酸含量,以谷氨酸处理效果最明显,其次是天门冬氨酸处理,再次是苯丙氨酸处理。同时3种氨基酸处理都显著提高了单株烤烟烟叶氨基酸累积量,其增加量为天门冬氨酸处理>谷氨酸处理>苯丙氨酸处理。     

Electroencephalographic Responses to a Noxious Surgical Stimulus in Mules,Horses, and Ponies

The aim of this study was to investigate the electroencephalographic (EEG) response of equidae to a castration stimulus. Study 1 included 11 mules (2½–8 years; 230–315 kg) and 11 horses (1½–3½ years; 315–480 kg); study 2 included four ponies (15–17 months; 176–229 kg). They were castrated under halothane anesthesia after acepromazine premedication (IV [study 1] and intramuscular [study 2]) and thiopental anesthetic induction. Animals were castrated using a semiclosed technique (study 1) and a closed technique (study 2). Raw EEG data were analyzed and the EEG variables, median frequency (F50), total power (Ptot), and spectral edge frequency (F95), were derived using standard techniques at skin incision (skin) and emasculation (emasc) time points. Baseline values of F50, Ptot, and F95 for each animal were used to calculate percentage change from baseline at skin incision and emasculation. Differences were observed in Ptot and F50 data between hemispheres in horses but not mules (study 1) and in one pony (study 2). A response to castration (>10% change relative to baseline) was observed in eight horses (73% of animals) and four mules (36% of animals) for F50 and nine horses (82%) and four mules (36%) for Ptot. No changes in F95 data were observed in any animal in study 1. Responses to castration were observed in three ponies (75% of animals) for F50, one pony (25%) for F95, and all ponies for Ptot. Alteration of acepromazine administration and castration technique produced a protocol that identified changes in EEG frequency and power in response to castration.     

Impact of an anti-Salmonella. Typhimurium Bacteriophage on intestinal microbiota and immunity status of laying hens

Typhoid is a distinct gastrointestinal disease that largely affects the public by consumption of inadequately or partially cooked eggs from contaminated laying hen farms. This has led the research on laying hens to focus on controlling the contamination by an effective anti-Salmonella spp. agent in the intestine. The treatments included, control, without challenge; PC, Salmonella typhimurium challenged (STC); BP5, 5 ppm bacteriophage/kg + STC; BP10, 10 ppm bacteriophage/kg + STC, on Salmonella shedding, body organs inflammatory reactions, and expression of toll-like receptor (TLR), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and heat shock protein (HSP) in the jejunum, liver,and thigh muscle in the STC laying hens. The RT-PCR method was used to enumerate the number of Salmonella typhimurium in the organs. The birds in the STC groups exhibited the increased population of Salmonella spp. in the excreta (p < .01). In the STC groups, the BP5 and BP10 laying hens exhibited a lower (p < .01) population of Salmonella spp. in the excreta at d 7 after STC. Supplementation of bacteriophage significantly decreased (p < .01) the colonization of S. Typhimurium in the spleen, oviduct, caecum and excreta. Among the STC treatments, the BP10 laying hens showed lower (p < .01) mRNA expression of interferon-γ (IFNγ) and TLR-4 in the jejunum compared with the PC treatment. After the STC, dietary supplementation with BP5 or BP10 decreased (p < .01) the mRNA expressions of IFNγ, HSP-27 and tumour necrosis factor-α in the liver compared with the PC treatment. These results suggest that bacteriophage can be used as an effective agent to decrease S. Typhimurium contamination in laying hens and possibly lower S. Typhimurium transfer to foods.     

Validitv of the information sharing in cyber supply Chain

The application of supply chain bring us some questions which need to be solved immediately. Bullwhip effect is one of these. We can lighten bullwhip effect through information sharing. The enterprises in SC need long, balance relationship. From Game Theory, the relationship could get. Through the stock information sharing cost analysis of two-stage SC against no sharing, the information sharing is not only need but also efficiency. The core enterprise in SC should use the Principal-agent theory to pursue information sharing with other enterprises.     

TOPSIS在农作物品种评价中的应用研究

针对农作物品种评价的多性状特性,提出将TOPSIS方法用于农作物品种评价。实例结果表明,该方法简单易行、准确有效,适合具体应用。