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61.
Mizumoto N Toyota-Hanatani Y Sasai K Tani H Ekawa T Ohta H Baba E 《Veterinary microbiology》2004,99(2):113-120
Specific antibody levels of laying hens and young chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Enteritidis and vaccinated farm flocks were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with two different antigens, deflagellated S. Enteritidis whole cell (DEWC) and S. Enteritidis FliC-specific 9kDa polypeptide (SEP9). Infected laying hens excreted S. Enteritidis throughout the experimental period, and the specific antibody titers in DEWC-ELISA, were significantly higher than the uninfected group. It suggests that this DEWC-specific antibody will serve as an effective indicator of S. Enteritidis infection, especially for non-vaccinated laying flocks. SEP9-specific antibodies were detected in spray-inoculated young chickens but not in oral-inoculated young chickens. Compared with greatly high SEP9-specific antibody levels of vaccinated farm flocks, no response was observed in orally infected hens. These results indicate that S. Enteritidis discontinues expressing SEP9 once it has crossed the intestinal barrier, and that SEP9-ELISA will serve as a valuable monitoring tool for the status of S. Enteritidis vaccination on a flockwide basis, independent of stable S. Enteritidis infections. 相似文献
62.
Matsubayashi M Nagano S Kita T Narushima T Kimata I Iseki M Hajiri T Tani H Sasai K Baba E 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,158(1-2):44-50
Previously, we reported that an isolate of novel type of Cryptosporidium andersoni detected in cattle in Japan contained Type A (identical to C. andersoni reported previously) and Type B (having a thymine nucleotide insertion unlike the Type A) genotypes in the 18S rRNA gene. Here, we conducted an extensive investigation of Cryptosporidium infections in adult cattle in Japan from 2004 to 2007. Consequently, Cryptosporidium sp. were detected in 12 of the 205 cattle examined (5.9%), and partial sequences of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene in all isolates were identical to those of the previously reported data for C. andersoni whereas two signals were observed in the sequence of the partial 18S rRNA gene in all the isolates. In transmission studies using five of the isolates, they all infected SCID mice. Modified multiplex PCR using DNA of a single oocyst isolated from the infected SCID mice revealed that the partial sequences in the 18S rRNA gene of 40-80% of 10 isolates were identical to the Type A genotype of C. andersoni and those of other samples were identical to the Type B genotype. These results suggested that the C. andersoni novel type is widespread in cattle throughout Japan, and have multiple copies (Types A and B) in the 18S rRNA gene. 相似文献
63.
Analysis of progress of oxidation reaction during oxygen-alkali treatment of lignin I: method and its application to lignin oxidation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Guolin Tong Tomoya Yokoyama Yuji Matsumoto Gyosuke Meshitsuka 《Journal of Wood Science》2000,46(1):32-39
A new method is applied to evaluate the progress of the oxidation reaction of lignin during oxygen-alkali treatment. This method employs the difference in permanganate consumption of the sample before and after the oxygen-alkali treatment as an indication for the lignin oxidation. When kraft lignin and residual lignin isolated from unbleached softwood kraft pulp were subjected to oxygen-alkali treatment up to 6000min, the progress of the oxidation expressed by this method was separated into clearly distinguished three phases. During the first and second phases, the progress of oxidation was well correlated to the loss of methoxyl group and to the decrease in the yield of nitrobenzene oxidation products. The addition of Mn+ to the oxygen-alkali treatment depressed oxidation during the second phase partly and that during the third phase almost completely. Calculations based on the change in the permanganate consumption revealed that the oxidation during the first phase corresponded to 4.2 electrons abstracted from one lignin structural unit on average. The oxidation process by oxygen-alkali treatment was hypothetically attributed to the direct reaction between molecular oxygen and the phenolic unit of lignin, which mainly took place during the first phase, and to the autooxidation-type oxidation during the second and third phases.Part of this paper was presented at the 9th ISWPC, Montreal, June 1997; and at the 42nd Lignin Symposium, Sapporo, October 1997 相似文献
64.
Feng Gu Pattaraporn Posoknistakul Satoko Shimizu Tomoya Yokoyama Yongcan Jin Yuji Matsumoto 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(5):346-352
To examine why green liquor (GL) pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials effectively facilitates enzymatic saccharification under conditions milder than those of a common alkaline cooking process, dimeric β-O-4 type lignin model compounds with and without free phenolic hydroxyl group were reacted in several alkaline solutions including a model solution of GL, which mainly contains Na2CO3 and Na2S. The β-O-4 bond of the phenolic model compound was cleaved with a sufficient rate in the model solution of GL. The β-O-4 bond cleavage of the non-phenolic model compound was more frequent in the model solution of GL than in other alkaline solutions. These results suggest that β-O-4 bonds present in lignocellulosic materials are effectively cleaved in a GL pretreatment. It was also suggested that HS? and CO3 2? synergistically contribute to the β-O-4 bond cleavage of the non-phenolic model compound under GL pretreatment conditions. 相似文献
65.
Yutaka Nakahara Kiyokazu Ozaki Tomoya Sano Yasushi Kodama Tetsuro Matsuura 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2014,27(2):123-129
Several recent studies have reported that alloxan-treated rats with long-term
hyperglycemia can develop naturally occurring periodontal disease (PD). Our previous
studies detected dental caries in the same model. Therefore, these two lesions of
different etiologies are expected to occur concurrently. In this study, we evaluated the
use of diabetic rats as a PD model by employing a selective COX-2 inhibitor reported to be
effective against PD. Six-week-old female F344 rats were divided into 3 groups: intact
rats (control), alloxan-induced diabetic rats fed a standard diet (AL) and alloxan-induced
diabetic rats fed a diet containing 0.01% etodolac (AL+Et). The animals were euthanized at
26 weeks of age, and their oral tissues were examined histopathologically. Gingivitis,
marginal periodontitis and alveolar bone resorption were markedly enhanced along with
dental caries in the AL group compared with the control group. However, the COX-2
inhibitor had no effect on periodontal inflammation in the AL+Et group. In addition, in
the AL group, periodontitis was notably nonexistent around the normal molars, and
gingivitis was scarcely worse than that in the control group. In the diabetic rats, the
progression of periodontal inflammation was closely correlated with the severity of
adjacent dental caries, and marginal periodontitis was frequently continuous with apical
periodontitis. In conclusion, an alloxan-induced diabetic rat is not a model of PD but of
dental caries. It is probable that in this model, hyperglycemia may enable crown caries to
progress to apical periodontitis, while the associated inflammation may rostrally expand
to surrounding periodontal tissue. 相似文献
66.
ABSTRACT: Among all of the decapods that have been studied, only one kind of gland, the androgenic gland, has been found attached to the subterminal ejaculatory region of the vas deferens. In the present study of the red swamp crayfish, it was found that two kinds of gland-like tissues were attached to the subterminal ejaculatory region of the vas deferens. One of the tissues, which is referred to as TIB, is located inside the body cavity, whereas the other tissue, which is referred to as TIC, is inside the coxa. The characteristics of TIB resemble those of the androgenic gland of other malacostracans. The TIC cells, however, are smaller and more basophilic due to the small size and high density of their cytoplasm and nuclei. Moreover, black fibers, similar to the nerve fibers of the ganglion, were detected among the TIC cells after Bodian's stain. The conclusion is that TIC may be a newly found male sexual characteristic and further research is needed to confirm its functions. 相似文献
67.
Onozato T Tamura T Nagasawa T Hayashi M Okuhara Y Kuroda J 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2011,24(4):239-244
A subcutaneous mass was noted in the abdomen of a 50-week-old male Wistar Hannover GALAS rat. Histologically, the tumor was composed of vimentin-positive small round cells with scant cytoplasm arranged in a trabecular, sheet or pericytoma-like pattern and spindle cells arranged in a bundle pattern and vimentin-negative round cells proliferating in an island-shaped pattern. Argentophilic thin fibers were observed to wrap up the individual cells, and some of the tumor cells showed coexpression of vimentin and cytokeratin that formed juxtanuclear globes in the cytoplasm by double immunohistostaining. Transmission electron microscopy did not reveal any characteristic features suggesting cellular differention toward a specific cell type. Based on these findings, it was difficult to specify the origin, and the tumor was diagnosed as a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor and classified as a sarcoma, NOS (not otherwise specified). 相似文献
68.
Tomoya Kono Tsuyoshi Ooyama Shih-Chu Chen & Masahiro Sakai 《Aquaculture Research》2002,33(14):1195-1197
A method for the diagnosis of nocardiosis in yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), was developed in this study. Primers specific for Nocardia seriolae were synthesized based on the alignment of 16S?23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region sequences of N. seriolae. The primers did not amplify specific PCR product from other fish pathogens. However, two and three fishes could be diagnosed as infected with N. seriolae by clinical signs and bacterial isolation. PCR amplification of N. seriolae by specific primers detected six infected fishes. Thus, the primers used in this study are useful in detecting nocardiosis in fish. 相似文献
69.
70.
Mayu Mutsuga Yoshiji Asaoka Yuko Togashi Naoko Imura Tomoya Miyoshi Yohei Miyamoto 《Journal of toxicologic pathology》2013,26(4):429-432
This report describes spontaneous cytoplasmic vacuolation in the proximal renal tubules of a 7-week-old male ICR [Crlj:CD1(ICR)] mouse. The contents of vacuoles were positively stained with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Sudan black, and the membranes were positive on immunohistochemical staining for lysosomal-associated membrane protein-2 (LAMP-2), a marker of lysosomal membrane. Electron microscopy revealed electron-dense lamellar bodies in the proximal tubular epithelial cells. These histopathological features are similar to those in α-galactosidase A-deficient mice, in which globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), a glycosphingolipid, accumulates in lysosomes. When we performed immunohistochemical staining for Gb3, the contents of vacuoles were positively stained. From these results, spontaneous cytoplasmic vacuolation in the proximal renal tubules in the mouse was identified as lysosomal accumulation of Gb3. 相似文献