新疆兵团主要植棉区机采棉田杂草调查

采用倒置“W”九点取样法对新疆兵团北疆、东疆主要植棉师蕾期、铃期棉田杂草进行调查。结果表明：北疆第六师、东疆第十三师机采棉田杂草主要有16科31种，其中禾本科杂草占16.1%，阔叶杂草占80.7%，莎草科杂草占3.2%；1年生杂草占64.5%，多年生杂草占35.5%。北疆第六师蕾期棉田优势杂草为龙葵、野西瓜苗、田旋花、灰藜，铃期优势杂草为龙葵、田旋花、灰藜。东疆第十三师蕾期棉田优势杂草为灰藜、反枝苋、狗尾草，铃期优势杂草为龙葵、灰藜、反枝苋、田旋花。不同地区、不同生育时期棉田优势杂草有所差异。研究结果将为新疆兵团机采棉田杂草的科学可持续防控提供重要依据。     

Influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes based on rainfall simulation experiments

Aeolian-fluvial interplay erosion regions are subject to intense soil erosion and are of particular concern in loess areas of northwestern China.Understanding the composition,distribution,and transport processes of eroded sediments in these regions is of considerable scientific significance for controlling soil erosion.In this study,based on laboratory rainfall simulation experiments,we analyzed rainfall-induced erosion processes on sand-covered loess slopes(SS)with different sand cover patterns(including length and thickness)and uncovered loess slopes(LS)to investigate the influences of sand cover on erosion processes of loess slopes in case regions of aeolian-fluvial erosion.The grain-size curves of eroded sediments were fitted using the Weibull function.Compositions of eroded sediments under different sand cover patterns and rainfall intensities were analyzed to explore sediment transport modes of SS.The influences of sand cover amount and pattern on erosion processes of loess slopes were also discussed.The results show that sand cover on loess slopes influences the proportion of loess erosion and that the compositions of eroded sediments vary between SS and LS.Sand cover on loess slopes transforms silt erosion into sand erosion by reducing splash erosion and changing the rainfall-induced erosion processes.The percentage of eroded sand from SS in the early stage of runoff and sediment generation is always higher than that in the late stage.Sand cover on loess slopes aggravates loess erosion,not only by adding sand as additional eroded sediments but also by increasing the amount of eroded loess,compared with the loess slopes without sand cover.The influence of sand cover pattern on runoff yield and the amount of eroded sediments is larger than that of sand cover amount.Furthermore,given the same sand cover pattern,a thicker sand cover could increase sand erosion while a thinner sand cover could aggravate loess erosion.This difference explains the existence of intense erosion on slopes that are thinly covered with sand in regions where aeolian erosion and fluvial erosion interact.     

复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生理效应的影响研究

为研究复方中草药添加剂对稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标的影响,试验选取体重相近、体况健康的15日龄成都麻鸭240只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复12只。4组为对照组饲喂基础饲粮;试验1、2、3组在基础饲粮中按照质量比分别添加0.5%(低剂量组)、1%(中剂量组)、2%(高剂量组)的复方中草药,试验期90 d。结果显示:(1)试验1、2、3组的平均日增重分别较对照组提高2.19%、4.34%、4.98%(P<0.05);试验2、3组的料重比分别较对照组降低3.37%、3.63%(P<0.05);(2)试验2组和3组的总蛋白(TP)分别较对照组提高4.20%、6.08%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的尿素氮(BUN)分别较对照组降低12.72%、16.36%(P<0.05);试验2组和3组的谷草转氨酶(ALT)分别较对照组降低15.84%、19.22%(P<0.05);试验3组的谷丙转氨酶(AST)较对照组降低19.34%(P<0.05);(3)试验2组和3组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)分别较对照组提高15.80%、20.00%(P<0.05);试验3组的总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)较对照组提高22.37%(P<0.05);(4)三个试验组的IgA、IgM、IgG、IFN-γ、IL-2显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验2组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)较对照组提高10.06%(P<0.05),试验2组和3的组溶菌酶(LZM)分别较对照组提高6.79%、5.66%(P<0.05)。综上,中草药添加剂能有效提高稻鸭共作模式下成都麻鸭的生长性能、血清生化指标、抗氧化指标及免疫指标,本试验条件下,最佳饲喂剂量为1%。     

北京农科城驱动产业融合发展实践与成效分析

产业融合是产业经济发展中的一种新范式,本文作者基于产业融合理论,构建农业产业融合发展驱动模型,并以北京农科城驱动产业融合发展实践为例,剖析农业产业融合发展的路径与成效。研究发现北京农科城建设有效驱动了农业产业融合发展,具体实践具有代表性,对我国农业产业融合发展具有借鉴作用。     

我国玉米品种标准DNA指纹库构建研究及应用进展

介绍了我国玉米品种标准DNA指纹库构建的进展及应用情况。我国玉米品种标准DNA指纹库规模已达到22 089份,经与国内外作物品种DNA指纹库比较,是全球品种数量和建库规模最大的DNA指纹库,并且在区域试验、品种权保护及种子质量管理等方面都得到了广泛应用。至今已开展玉米品种真实性鉴定等达40 000多份次。同时,对DNA指纹库构建未来发展进行预测,建议继续发挥SSR标记的作用、加快推进SNP标记的研发、发掘In Del标记的应用潜力并持续关注测序技术的发展。     

开展农林工程注册监理工程师继续教育培训的若干思考

随着林业建设的不断发展,林业各领域对农林工程注册监理工程师的需求量逐年增加,切实提高农林工程监理队伍的文化素养和业务能力显得尤为必要.针对当前农林工程注册监理工程师继续教育培训中存在的学习态度不端正、工学矛盾突出、培训手段单一、培训内容针对性不强等问题,建议以现代培训理念为指导,加强培训需求调研,因材施教,加强师资库、教材库、案例库“三库”建设,提升教学质量.     

五台山野生迎红杜鹃组织培养技术研究

以五台山野生迎红杜鹃的种子为试验材料,比较了不同培养基配方、生长调节剂种类和浓度对迎红杜鹃组织培养的影响,建立了迎红杜鹃组织培养再生体系.结果表明:最佳消毒方式为70％的酒精浸泡30 s+8.0％次氯酸钠浸泡处理8 min+无菌水冲洗;基本培养基为Anderson+0.1 mg/LNAA;增殖培养基为Anderson+1.0 mg/L ZT+ 0.1 mg/LNAA;生根培养基为Anderson+1.0 mg/L NAA;炼苗移栽基质以腐殖土∶珍珠岩=2∶1混合效果最好.