虾饲料的表观质量对耐水性的影响

研究了虾颗粒饲料的表面完整性、切口平整性、长短均一性对耐水性的影响.结果表明:硬颗粒饲料表面有裂纹、切口不平整、长短不一致都会降低饲料在水中的稳定性.虾饲料生产厂家应重视产品的表观质量,加强生产过程监管.     

内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清群分子流行病学调查

近年来,羊多杀性巴氏杆菌病在内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市时有发生。为了解呼伦贝尔市羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌荚膜血清型流行状况,通过建立多杀性巴氏杆菌分子生物学诊断方法,以羊病变组织为研究对象,对呼伦贝尔市羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌,进行荚膜血清群分子流行病学调查,同时应用K-B纸片琼脂扩散法,对分离菌株进行药物敏感性试验,以找到针对本地区流行株的敏感药物。结果显示:从采集的35份病羊肺组织病料中,分离出12株B群、9株D群多杀性巴氏杆菌,未分离出其他血清群;分离菌株对青霉素、链霉素耐药率最高,对氯霉素、四环素、诺氟沙星、环丙沙星敏感。结果表明,呼伦贝尔市流行的羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌以B群、D群为主,且分离菌株对青霉素、链霉素产生了较高的耐药性,需指导和监管抗菌药物的合理使用。本研究查清了本地区流行的优势多杀性巴氏杆菌血清群,找到了针对性敏感药物,这为该市羊巴氏杆菌病防控提供了有效的技术支撑,也对多杀性巴氏杆菌病流行病学监测和基因多样性研究奠定了基础。     

小尾寒羊前体脂肪细胞分化过程相关基因表达规律的研究

为了探究小尾寒羊脂肪细胞分化过程中相关基因的变化规律,试验采集2月龄小尾寒羊腹股沟白色脂肪组织,通过酶消化法体外分离小尾寒羊前体脂肪细胞。培养前体脂肪细胞布满细胞板后,分别用诱导Ⅰ液、诱导Ⅱ液对细胞进行诱导分化,使其成为成熟的脂肪细胞。利用油红O染色法验证成熟脂肪细胞并检测脂滴含量。分别在增殖期细胞增殖70%、90%及分化期诱导Ⅰ液处理48 h、诱导Ⅱ液处理48 h、完全培养液处理48 h时（2、4、6、8、10 d）提取细胞总RNA,反转录成cDNA。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测PPARγ、C/EBPα、LPL、SREBP1、KLF5、KLF6、FABP4、STAT5、ACSS2、IGF1、ADD1、FOXO1、ACACA、DGAT1、CPT1A基因的表达规律。结果表明,试验成功分离并诱导前体脂肪细胞变为成熟的脂肪细胞,细胞内部具有明显脂滴;实时荧光定量PCR结果表明,上述基因在细胞分化阶段具有明显波动,峰值出现的时间均不相同;C/EBPα、FOXO1基因表达峰值出现在第6天,可能在细胞分化早期发挥作用;PPARγ、LPL、SREBP1、KLF5、KLF6、FABP4、STAT5、ADD1、ACSS2基因表达峰值出现在第8天,但表达倍数与趋势均不相同;ACACA基因表达量出现上下波动;IGF1、DGAT1基因表达峰值出现在第10天;CPT1A基因表达量则一直下降;FABP4基因表达倍数显著高于其他基因。本研究全面检测了小尾寒羊前体脂肪细胞在分化过程中关键基因的表达规律,可为探究小尾寒羊脂肪分化过程分子机制、挖掘参与脂肪分化新的关键基因、提高小尾寒羊肌间脂肪含量等研究提供一定的理论参考。     

“新吉”细毛羊改良当地绵羊的效果

实践证明,以"新吉"细毛羊为父本对东北细毛羊进行改良能够显著提高改良羊群的产毛性能,对原毛产量、净毛率、羊毛长度和细度的提高效果明显.改良率、羊毛长度和细度的提高效果明显.改良F<,2>代羊毛细度从东北细毛羊母本的60～64 s(24.3 μm)提高到了66～70 s(20.7 μm),羊毛长度从7.2 cm提高到8.1 cm,净毛率从38.5%提高到45.8%,原毛单产从4.0 kg提高到5.1 kg.特别是净毛单产从1.54 kg提高到2.34 kg,提高了0.80 kg,增产幅度高达51.95%.     

桑枝粗细和空间位置对叶片微量元素分布的影响

为探明新生桑枝叶片中微量元素的分布格局,以雾化栽培的桑树实生苗为材料,研究叶片中铁、锰、铜、锌、硫、硼、钼和氯等8种微量元素分布对枝条粗细和空间位置的响应情况。结果表明,叶片中的铜、锌、锰和钼含量与空间位置无显著的相关性,而铁、硼和氯元素含量表现为下部叶大于上部叶,硫含量则表现为上部叶大于下部叶;桑枝的粗细不会对叶片中的铜、锌和铁含量造成显著的影响,但可以改变锰、硫、硼、钼和氯元素的含量,即粗枝上的叶片中的硫和钼含量较高,中等粗细枝条上叶片中的锰、硼和氯元素含量最高。微量元素的含量是桑叶多元化开发利用的品质基础,应进一步关注影响桑叶微量元素含量的内外驱动因子,如养分供应、生长阶段和桑树品种。     

柳树叶饲料化调制加工技术研究

为了探索垂柳(Salix babylonica)树叶的饲料化加工技术,在研究6个生育期(展叶期、开花初期、飞絮期、青绿期、枯黄期、落叶期)柳树叶营养物质含量变化的基础上,分别将其调制成青贮饲料,测定并比较不同生育期柳树叶制备青贮饲料的营养物质含量及发酵品质指标,并对枯黄期和落叶期树叶进行添加乳酸菌菌剂青贮对比试验。结果表明,根据原料营养物质判断,展叶期柳树叶营养品质与优质豆科牧草品质近似,但是随着生育期的延迟,柳树叶营养物质含量和饲用价值显著下降。将不同生育期柳树叶直接青贮之后,无品质改善效果,青贮饲料发酵品质差,饲用价值不大。但是,添加乳酸菌菌剂后调制的柳树叶青贮饲料发酵品质得到了显著改善。综上表明,柳树叶如果直接饲喂利用,最好选择在较为幼嫩的展叶期;如果开发利用其他生育期或枯落后的柳树叶,以添加乳酸菌菌剂调制成青贮饲料为好。     

苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中的营养物质含量动态变化研究

为探讨苜蓿干草捆贮藏过程中营养物质含量的动态变化规律,对含水量为15%、打捆密度为150kg/m3的苜蓿草捆在不同贮藏时间(1、10、30、90、180、360d)营养物质含量和相对饲喂价值(RFV)的动态变化情况进行研究。结果表明,在整个贮藏过程中,苜蓿干草的粗蛋白(CP)含量总体呈下降趋势,与贮藏1d时相比,不同贮藏时间段苜蓿干草的CP含量均显著下降(P<0.05);从CP含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到2级。苜蓿干草的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏360d时的NDF含量显著高于贮藏时间在90d之内的NDF含量(P<0.05);从NDF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量也随贮藏时间的延长而增加,贮藏10d之后ADF含量开始显著增加(P<0.05);从ADF含量角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。贮藏时间在30d以上的苜蓿干草DMI值显著低于贮藏时间在30d之内的DMI值(P<0.05);从DMI值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到3级。贮藏时间在90d以上的苜蓿干草DDM值显著低于贮藏时间在90d之内的DDM值(P<0.05);从DDM值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由1级下降到4级。随着贮藏时间的延长,苜蓿干草的RFV值显著降低(P<0.05),且在贮藏180~360d的时间段内,RFV值下降幅度较大;从RFV值角度评价,苜蓿干草等级由2级下降到3级。综合比较,苜蓿干草在贮藏180d之后营养价值大幅度下降,因此,在贮藏180d之内出售或者饲喂家畜比较适合。     

Combined microRNAome and transcriptome analysis of follicular phase and luteal phase in porcine ovaries

The aim of this study was to explore the expression difference of miRNAs and mRNAs between the follicular phase (FP) and luteal phase (LP) in porcine ovaries and provide a theoretical basis for the research on mammalian reproductive regulation. RNA‐Seq and miRNA‐Seq were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs (DEMs) between the FP and LP in ovaries of six sows (3‐year‐old Yorkshire pigs with similar weights and same parities). Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen potential genes and miRNAs related to porcine ovarian function. Real‐time qualitative PCR was used to validate the sequencing results. RNA‐Seq results showed that 3,078 genes were up‐regulated, and 1,444 genes were down‐regulated in the LP compared with the FP, and DEGs were significantly enriched in 242 Gene Ontology (GO) terms and 33 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. miRNA‐Seq identified 112 DEMs, of which 25 were up‐regulated and 87 were down‐regulated in the LP compared with the FP. We obtained 186 intersection genes (IGs) between the 4,522 DEGs and 2,444 target genes predicted from the 112 DEMs. After constructing a miRNA‐gene‐pathway network, we identified key miRNAs and genes including miR‐17‐3p, miR‐214, miR‐221‐5p, miR‐125b, FGF1, YWHAG, YWHAZ, FDFT1 and DHCR24, which are enriched in Hippo and PI3K‐Akt signalling pathways, and various metabolic pathways. These results indicate that these key genes and miRNAs may play important roles in the developmental transition from FP to LP in porcine ovaries and represent candidate targets for further study.     

急性热应激对山羊血液生化指标及血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70家族基因表达的影响

旨在研究急性热应激对山羊抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血淋巴细胞热休克蛋白70(HSP70)家族基因表达的影响。本试验选取5只健康、体况接近的(12±0.5)月龄波尔山羊×关中奶山羊杂交F1母羊,饲养于环控舱内(温度维持20℃,相对湿度60%),适应5d。第6天利用环控舱对5只试验羊进行38℃急性热应激处理12h,采集热应激前(0h,20℃)和热应激后2、4、8和12h试验羊血样。分别利用比色法测定血清抗氧化指标(总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量),ELISA法测定血清免疫指标(免疫球蛋白和细胞因子含量),实时荧光定量PCR法测定血淋巴细胞HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)mRNA的表达量。结果显示:1)热应激时间对血清抗氧化指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清T-AOC(P<0.05)、SOD(P<0.05)和GSH-Px(P<0.01)活性均在热应激8h后显著下降,MDA含量在热应激4h后显著增加(P<0.05)。2)热应激时间对血清免疫指标有显著影响。与热应激前0h相比,血清TNF-α、IL-1β、IFN-γ和IL-2含量分别在热应激4、8、8和4h后显著增加(P<0.05);IL-4(P<0.01)、IgG(P<0.01)、IgM(P<0.01)和IgA(P<0.05)含量分别在热应激12、4、4和4h后显著下降。3)热应激时间显著提高血淋巴细胞中HSP70家族基因(HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8)的表达量。HSPA1AmRNA表达量呈先升高后下降的趋势,在热应激4h时达到峰值,各检测时间点均显著高于应激前水平(P<0.01);HSPA6mRNA表达量在热应激2h时显著升高(P<0.01),4h后恢复到应激前水平(P>0.05);HSPA8mRNA表达量在热应激4(P<0.05)、8(P<0.01)、12h(P<0.01)时显著高于应激前水平。在本试验条件下,38℃急性热应激能够抑制山羊的免疫和抗氧化功能;提高血淋巴细胞HSPA1A、HSPA6和HSPA8基因的表达量,其中HSPA1A对热应激温度和时间更敏感,可作为山羊热应激早期的分子标志物。     

Genetic diversity and relationships of lotus (Nelumbo) cultivars based on allozyme and ISSR markers

Genetic diversity and genetic relationships of lotus (Nelumbo Adanson) cultivars were evaluated using allozyme and ISSR markers. The samples used covered 11 accessions of possible hybrids between Nelumbo nucifera and Nelumbo lutea and 92 accessions of N. nucifera including 69 flower lotus, 13 rhizome lotus, 5 seed lotus and 5 wild lotus. For allozyme studies, a total of 31 alleles at 23 loci of 18 enzyme systems were detected of which 5 (21.7%) loci Aat, Idh, Mdh-2, Pgd, Sod were polymorphic. The loci of Aat and Idh included two alleles, Mdh-2, Pgd and Sod included three alleles. Eighteen genotypes were detected with the 13 alleles of the 5 polymorphic loci. The parameters of average allele number, observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 1.35 ± 0.71, 0.06 ± 0.21, 0.05 ± 0.14, 0.10 ± 023, respectively. Thirteen ISSR primers generated 93 loci, of which 37.63% were polymorphic across all samples. The percentage of polymorphic loci, average allele number, expected heterozygosity and Shannon information index of 92 N. nucifera samples were 26.67%, 1.30 ± 0.46, 0.10 ± 0.18 and 0.15 ± 0.25, respectively for the ISSR data. The ‘Bottleneck effect’ and rapid propagation of clones after the ice ages may explain the low genetic diversity of lotus. The dendrograms based on ISSR and allozymes were not congruent. Based on the ISSR data, the 103 samples were divided into the N. nucifera group (Group I), and the group containing inter-specific hybrids between N. nucifera and N. lutea (Group II). The flower lotus, rhizome lotus, and seed lotus each has multiple sources of origin. Plant size, a criterion commonly used in the classification of cultivars of lotus, is not correlated with genetic variation. Flower color is correlated with the cultivar classification to some degree, but its variation is complex in the hybrids.