Investigation and integrated molecular diagnosis of root-knot nematodes in Panax notoginseng root in the field

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) are damaging pests that can infect thousands of plant species and cause enormous crop losses worldwide. Panax notoginseng is a common host of root-knot nematodes. In this study, we surveyed notoginseng gardens and determined the incidence of RKNs. Among the gardens surveyed, 71 % were infected with RKNs, and the RKN incidence index ranged from 8 % to 47 % in three randomly infected gardens. Meloidogyne hapla was identified as the pathogenic nematode based on 18S ribosomal RNA analysis by DNA barcoding. The results were qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed using a real-time PCR assay according to variations in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. These results indicated that the combination of DNA barcoding and real-time PCR is a reliable and precise method for identifying parasitic nematodes from mixed-infected plant roots in the field. In addition, the abundance of ITS1 and ITS2 displayed a similar trend to the numbers of RKNs in the three gardens, which suggests that the results of real-time PCR can be used to determine the damage caused by M. hapla in the field. Our studies show that RKNs are common and can cause serious damage to notoginseng. We present an integrated method of detecting mixed nematode species in the field and confirm M. hapla as the target for parasitic nematode control in notoginseng gardens. Our results contribute to the improvement of RKN control in notoginseng and further promote the sustainable development of medicinal plants.     

番茄褪绿病毒病在山东设施西葫芦上的发生及潜在危害

番茄褪绿病毒tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV)是我国蔬菜生产的重要新发病毒,其寄主范围逐年扩大。2019年10月项目组在山东寿光西葫芦温室调查时发现部分叶片呈现黄化、脉间褪绿,类似于ToCV侵染症状,并伴有烟粉虱发生。利用特异性引物检测发现,扩增的目的片段与GenBank中登录的侵染番茄的ToCV基因序列(登录号：KC887998.1)同源性高达99.58%,充分说明西葫芦植株已被ToCV侵染。通过对病毒病发生规律和烟粉虱虫口数量调查发现,西葫芦定植后1个月表现侵染症状的植株为2.0%,定植后2个月达到4.2%,定植后4个月后高达68.2%,病毒发生呈指数增长,而烟粉虱虫口数量却维持较低密度。从济南和德州采集的西葫芦疑似病叶和烟粉虱中也检出ToCV病毒,说明该病毒可能已经在山东省设施西葫芦主要种植区普遍发生,并经烟粉虱广泛传播,需引起高度重视。     

抑制向日葵核盘菌菌核形成的生防菌S-16的鉴定及其生防作用研究

本研究从内蒙古包头市萨拉齐向日葵根围土壤中分离得到1株生防细菌 S-16,拮抗试验表明,菌株S-16能够显著抑制向日葵核盘菌的菌丝生长。显微镜观察发现,核盘菌菌丝生长点附近出现明显的异常分枝和囊泡状畸形,并且在距菌株S-16一定范围内核盘菌不能形成菌核。培养基内添加1%的菌株S-16发酵滤液能够有效抑制向日葵核盘菌菌核的形成。室内生测表明,2＆#215;106 cfu/mL浓度的菌株S-16菌液在离体叶片及幼苗上对向日葵菌核病的防效分别为94.62%和94.21%。通过细菌形态特征和生理生化反应,并结合API鉴定和16S rDNA序列分析,将菌株S-16鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis。     

北方农牧交错带土地利用及其生态背景分析

在遥感和地理信息系统技术支持下,提取年降水量、≥10℃积温、年平均风速、海拔高度、坡度等数据作为生态背景基本要素,基于NOAA/AVHRR影像分类而成的北方农牧交错带全样带1989年和2000年两期土地利用数据进行空间分析,分别研究单一和复合生态背景下土地利用的时空变化特征及其与生态背景的关系。结果表明:年降水量和年平均风速对土地利用变化的影响较为明显,特别是在坡度<15°的区域,降水对耕地和草地、年平均风速对林地和草地的影响均比较明显。≥10℃积温的变化与土地利用关系则不明显。耕地、林地、草地和城镇用地主要分布在海拔1 000~3 500 m和500 m以下、坡度为15°以下的地区,水域主要分布在海拔200 m以下、坡度为5°以下的地区。     

基于Web Service的城市绿地有害生物PDA实时监控系统的开发与应用

基于Web Service技术,结合个人数字助理(personal digital assistant,PDA)的使用,开发了城市绿地有害生物实时监控系统,从而解决城市绿地有害生物预警监测中信息交流不畅和共享困难的问题.调查人员手持PDA进行实地信息采集,通过无线网络即时传输;系统管理平台实时接收调查结果,经分析处理后进行信息发布.该系统应用于上海世博园区绿化植物有害生物实时监控,共收集有害生物信息153次,发布预警信息16期.结果表明,基于Web Service的城市绿地有害生物PDA实时监控系统能即时获取并发布信息,实现对有害生物的实时化、信息化监控.     

Infection of human enterovirus 71 in immunosuppressed rhesus monkeys

AIM: To investigate the infection process of human enterovirus 71 (EV71) in a rhesus monkey model of immunosuppression.METHODS: The monkey immunosuppression model was established by oral administration of cyclosporin A at a daily dose of 15 mg/kg for 7 days. Fourteen days after inoculation of EV71 FY23 strain via respiratory and digestive tracts, the infectious monkeys were sacrificed, and then the pathological changes of systemic organs were observed and the viral analysis in different tissues was performed.RESULTS: Compared with the experimental group without cyclosporin A, more positive results were observed in the immunosuppressed monkeys, such as more severe clinical symptoms, higher viral load/antigen expression and more pathological changes in the organs.CONCLUSION: The findings of the viral multiplication in the host provide evidence for evaluation of EV71 vaccine, and also indicate the delimitation for the population using EV71 vaccine in future.     

青岛市春大棚黄瓜品种比较试验

对4份华南型黄瓜品种进行春提旱栽培试验.结果表明,05C41,04C204和03C105等黄瓜品种长势旺,抗病性强,高产,风味品质良好,外观整齐一致,适应市场需求,在沿海地区都具有很好的推广价值.     

东北天南星不同提取液对菜蚜的生物活性及其活性浓度的初步筛选

以东北天南星的球根茎为试材,以均匀设计法为基础研究了东北天南星球根茎的不同提取液对菜蚜的触杀和拒食作用.结果表明,乙醇浸提液对菜蚜具有较高的触杀作用.水蒸气蒸馏液对菜蚜具有较强的拒食作用.乙醇浸提液对菜蚜48 h的致死中浓度(LC50)为8.5 mg/mL,水蒸气蒸馏液对菜蚜24,48 h的拒食中浓度(AFC50)分别为9.5,8.8 mg/mL.丙酮浸提液对菜蚜的触杀和拒食作用不显著.东北天南星球根茎的乙醇浸提液和水蒸气蒸馏液对菜蚜60 h的同时触杀和拒食的最佳浓度初步筛选结果表明,乙醇浸提液24.725 mg/mL和水蒸气蒸馏液19.375 mg/mL联合使用对菜蚜触杀和拒食活性作用最好,死亡率达100%.     

甜菜单胚雄性不育系与保持系花药及小孢子发生的超微结构观察

为阐明甜菜单胚雄性不育系和保持系花药及小孢子发育的超微结构差异．以自育的甜菜单胚细胞质雄性不育系（CMS系）TB9-CMS和保持系（O型系）TB9-O为试验材料,在甜菜花芽分化、现蕾初期、开花初期分别进行4次花蕾取样．电子显微镜观察花药及小孢子发育过程的超微结构差异。结果表明．甜菜单胚CMS系与。型系花药和小孢子发育过程的超微结构存在明显差异。甜菜单胚CMS系花药壁产生初始期与。型系相似．但小孢子母细胞的数量较少,液泡化明显;绒毡层发育初期也形成乌氏体原始颗粒,但仅维持初始状态而停止发育：绒毡层在四分体期收缩离位,瓦解内移;小孢子母细胞形成四分体后,胼胝质壁较厚,小孢子逐渐变异开始退化。观察还发现,甜菜绒毡层细胞间以及形成四分体的胼胝质壁间有胞间连丝结构．     

特长果、特高产鲜食线椒新品种苏润001的选育

为适应市场对优质、长果、多抗、专用型的鲜食线椒品种需求,2011年秋以SR1301为父本、SR908为母本选育的杂交一代新品种苏润001,于2018年4月23日获得了农业部非主要农作物品种登记证书,证书编号为(2018)320462。该品种平均株高100 cm,株幅87 cm,鲜椒单果质量24 g,果长32 cm,果宽1.8 cm,肉厚0.2 cm;2018年生产试验前期平均产量为26 553.2 kg/hm^2,比对照8819线椒增产34.5%,总产量为64 918.8 kg/hm^2,比对照8819线椒增产33.3%,产量突出。2015-2018年试验中,苏润001病毒病、疫病、炭疽病平均病情指数依次为3.3、7.1、7.2,比对照8819线椒分别减少24.9%、12.3%、17.0%,适合贵州省春秋保护地及露地高效栽培。