Bioinformatics Analysis of Chalcone Synzyme (CHS) Genes in Different Plants

采用生物信息学方法对GenBank中已登录的10种不同植物中的查尔酮合成酶基因的核苷酸序列及所推测的氨基酸序列的理化性质、信号肽、跨膜结构、亲/疏水性、功能结构域以及其二级结构进行了详细的分析,构建了不同植物CHS的系统进化树.结果表明,10种植物中CHS基因的开放阅读框的全长在1.2kb左右,大约编码399个氨基酸;不同植物中的CHS的氨基酸序列均包括1个N-糖基化位点(32NMSS),4个蛋白激酶c磷酸化位点(69TIR、158SVK、202TFR、359SAK)和1个查尔酮合成酶活性位点(161RLMMYQQGCFAGGTVLR),均不存在信号肤、无跨膜结构域,是一个疏水性蛋白.     

Effect of dietary betaine levels on growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of GIFT strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus reared in freshwater

An 8‐week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary betaine levels on the growth performance and hepatic intermediary metabolism of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) strain of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (mean initial body weight: 78.3 ± 1.3 g, means ± SD). Six practical diets were formulated with the incorporation of betaine at the levels of 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 g kg⁻¹. Survival showed no significant differences among the treatments (P > 0.05). The highest and lowest weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were observed for fish fed the diets containing 5 and 0 g kg⁻¹ (control) betaine, respectively. Feed intake showed similar trend with WG and SGR. In contrast, feed conversion ratio was the lowest when dietary betaine level was 5 g kg⁻¹. In general, dietary betaine supplementation showed no significant effect on hepatic composition of tilapia. Condition factor and viscerosomatic index tended to increase with increasing dietary betaine levels from 0 to 5 g kg⁻¹ and then decline when dietary betaine levels further increased from 5 to 25 g kg⁻¹. In contrast, hepatosomatic index declined with increasing dietary betaine levels (P < 0.05). Dietary betaine levels significantly influenced several hepatic enzymatic activities, including succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase, lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase, suggesting that dietary betaine addition had significant effects on nutrient metabolism in the liver. Based on the second‐order polynomial regression analysis of WG, 12.5 g kg⁻¹ of dietary betaine level seemed optimal for genetically improved farmed tilapia strain of O. niloticus.     

Epidemiology of beet necrotic yellow vein virus in sugar beet at different initial inoculum levels in the presence or absence of irrigation

A field experiment was set up in 1988 to study the development of rhizomania disease of sugar beet at different inoculum levels of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in soil. Five, tenfold different, inoculum levels were created by addition of the approximate amounts of 0, 0.5, 5, 50 and 500 kg infested soil per ha (the latter corresponding to 0.01% v/v calculated to the tillage layer). A drip irrigation treatment was applied to study the influence of soil moisture on disease. Susceptible sugar beet, cv. Regina, was grown for three consecutive years.In the first year, root symptoms were not observed, but BNYVV-infected plants were detected by ELISA in low numbers at all inoculum levels at harvest. After late drilling in 1989, high numbers of infected plants, up to 90–100% in plots with the highest inoculum level, were detected already in June. Root symptoms were also observed from June onwards. In both these years disease incidence increased in time and was significantly influenced by the initial inoculum level. In the third year, the whole field was heavily diseased, and only for the non-irrigated plots incidence differed for different initial inoculum levels. The expression of symptoms by BNYVV-infected plants was influenced by initial inoculum level, thus by the amount and timing of primary infection.Root weight at harvest was not affected, but sugar content decreased with increasing inoculum level already in 1988, leading to a reduction in sugar yield of 10% at the highest inoculum level. In 1989, both root weight and sugar content decreased progressively with increasing inoculum level, resulting in sugar yield reductions of 11–66% (down to approximately 3000 kg ha^–1) for low to high inoculum levels compared to the control. As the control plots became contaminated, all yields were low in 1990, still showing a decrease with increasing inoculum level in the non-irrigated plots, but an overall mean sugar yield of 3323 kg ha^–1 for the irrigated ones.Sodium and -amino nitrogen content of the root, additional quality parameters determining extractability of sucrose, showed an increase and decrease, respectively, with increasing initial inoculum level already in the first year. The relative differences in contents compared to those from the control were largest for Na content. A significant negative correlation was found between Na (mmol kg^–1 root) and sugar content (% of fresh weight); linear for 1988, exponential for 1989 and 1990.In spring 1989, the infestation of individual plots was assessed using a quantitative bioassay estimating most probable numbers (MPNs) of infective units of BNYVV per 100 g dry soil. The relationship between the MPns determined and root weight, sugar content and sugar yield at harvest could be described by Gompertz curves. The increase in disease incidence with increasing MPN in 1989 was adequately fitted with a logistic equation.     

优化施肥对春小麦产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响

2009 ～ 2010年,在宁夏引黄灌区分别以宁春11号和宁春16号小麦为供试作物,利用田间试验研究了优化施肥(OPT)和习惯施肥(CON)对春小麦产量、氮素吸收利用和土壤硝态氮累积的影响,表观评估了土壤—小麦体系氮素平衡.结果表明,相对于CK处理,OPT和CON都显著提高春小麦籽粒产量地上部生物量,并促进籽粒N和地上...     

基于里程信息融合的株间锄草刀定位数据优化方法

为提高株间锄草刀定位精度、降低机器视觉受外界因素的影响,该文提出里程信息融合机器视觉的方法对锄刀定位数据进行优化。通过分析定位数据校正和视觉滞后补偿的原理,设计了模糊逻辑校正器,通过模糊规则将模糊校正系统简化为单输入单输出形式,采用Mamdani模糊推理方法获得视觉数据可信度决策表,将可信度作为加权值生成校正锄刀定位数据,并提出采用实时里程信息作为视觉滞后补偿量的方法,给出补偿公式。田间刀苗距优化静态试验表明,视觉刀苗距误差为9.88 mm,优化后刀苗距误差为6.06 mm;动态试验表明,视觉数据出错率为4.8%～6.6%,刀苗距变化曲线显示,优化方法可有效过滤视觉坏点或不稳定的数据点,将视觉滞后纳入衡量标准,不同车速下动态优化后刀苗距平均误差为5.30～7.08 mm,较优化前降低了25%左右。研究结果表明,锄草刀定位数据优化方法可有效提高机器视觉静态和动态获取刀苗距的精度。该研究为提高株间锄草技术的锄刀定位精度提供了参考。     

Detection of early pregnancy factor in superovulated mice

Rosette inhibition tests for the detection of early pregnancy factor (EPF) were performed on naturally ovulated and superovulated mice from day 2 of pregnancy up to 4 days after parturition. In both groups of mice, the rosette inhibition titre (RIT) increased on day 2 of pregnancy, and persisted at high levels until day 15. Thereafter, the RITs of both groups of mice decreased to the non-pregnancy range. No significant differences of the mean RITs between these two groups were observed during the high RIT period. These results showed that the superovulatory treatment did not cause any changes or interference in the detection of EPF. In order to investigate the initial time of appearance of EPF in the maternal circulation in relation to the stage of fertilization, measurement of RIT and examination of the fertilization stage were carried out on superovulated mice 1 day after mating. The mean RIT of mice with pronucleus stage ova was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher than that of mice with sperm-penetrated ova. EPF was considered to appear in the maternal peripheral blood at the pronucleus stage.     

纹缟虾虎鱼精子的主要生物学特性

选取健康成熟的纹缟虾虎鱼(Tridentiger trigonocephalus)进行人工采精,设定不同的盐度和温度梯度,观察其对精子活力及寿命的影响.测定了精子的大小、密度,并观察了精子的超微结构.结果表明,随着盐度和温度的上升,精子的活力和寿命都先增加后降低,在盐度5和温度19 ℃时,精子的活力和寿命分别达到最高.测得精子密度为(1.73×109±0.08×109)/mL,细胞核长径为(0.98±0.12)μm,短径为(0.81±0.08)μm,鞭毛的长度为(7.28±1.06) μm.电镜结果表明:纹缟虾虎鱼精子由头部和尾部(鞭毛)二部分组成,头部的细胞核近圆形,内有核空泡.精子细胞质膜与核膜间有较大间隙,两者之间分布有细胞质和线粒体.中心粒复合体位于植入窝中,由近端中心粒和基体两部分组成.袖套位于核后端,呈一筒状,两侧不对称,袖套腔较为狭窄,两侧分布有线粒体和少量囊泡.鞭毛的核心结构是轴丝,轴丝为典型的"9+2"结构,从轴丝的横切面观察到轴丝外面的质膜呈不规则分布.     

对福州市旅游景区的认知研究

运用NMDS方法研究了福州市居民对福州市旅游景区的认知。通过空间定位图分析发现,在居民的认知中福州市10家旅游景区被聚合为3个组群：自然风光类旅游景区组群、人文风貌和自然风貌旅游景区组群、海岛风光旅游景区和博物馆旅游景区组群;在当地居民对旅游景区的感知情况方面,有4家旅游景区的感知率小于60%;在到访情况方面,旅游景区到访率只有3家大于70%,有2家介于35%和55%之间,有5家小于30%。通过特征属性和旅游景区之间的配适分析与水平距离分析发现,居民对前2个组群的评价较高,对后1个组群的评价较低。据此提出了福州市旅游发展的建议。     

中国国民收入与茶叶内销量的实证研究

通过Eviews31软件就1990年到2008年我国国民收入与茶叶内销售量关系进行分析,得出我国国民收入与茶叶内销量存在协整关系,同时运用格兰杰检验得出我国国民收入提高是我国茶叶内销量增加的成因,认为通过预测我国国民收入水平可推算出我国茶叶的内销量,为茶叶产销决策提供依据。