苏云金杆菌与杀灭菊酯防治红铃虫的试验

苏云金杆菌(Bailus thuringiensis)140或018工业菌剂每亩用200～255克,加杀灭菊酯20%乳剂每亩8毫升混用防治第二、三代红铃虫,虫口减退率和铃害下降率分别为80.5～93.4%和68.8～84.6%;杀灭菊酯每亩40毫升单用效果分别为96～97.2%和84.6～95.8%,都能有效控制红铃虫的危害。棉花产量测定表明,菌剂加菊酯混用使皮棉增加21.3～30.9%,菊酯单用增加11.4%。     

Modifying the response to defoliation during vegetative growth in CERES-Maize

CERES-Maize (Vl. 0) predicted no grain yield when 100% defoliation occurred during vegetative growth. This result conflicted with field observations where 100% defoliation early in the vegetative stage did not materially reduce grain yield. CERES-Maize was modified to realistically predict yields when defoliation greater than 50% occurred during vegetative growth by taking into account stem (stem proper and sheath) photosynthesis and translocation of dry matter from the stem to the developing leaves. With these modifications, predictions from CERES-Maize were in good agreement with field measurements when defoliation occurred both early and later in the vegetative stage. This modified version of CERES-Maize can be the basis of a decision support system for defoliating pests of corn where yields can be evaluated under different management strategies and climate scenarios.     

山楂缺铁黄叶病及应用硝黄铁防治研究

根据调查初步总结出山楂缺铁黄叶病的发生发展规律、致病因素及其对山楂生产的危害。用新研制的高效价廉、储运方便的硝黄铁矫治,效果明显。黄化病株复绿率40%～87%,三级病株减少36%～100%,叶绿素含量提高64%～224%,喷肥区比对照区株产提高25%。同时增加了果实中糖、酸、果胶及钙、铁含量,提高了果实品质。     

萘乙酸对大白菜钙素吸收运转及防治干烧心病的研究

本研究从补钙入手,探索防治干烧心病的方法。用0.7％CaCl_2·2H_2O对和50ppmNAA混合液在大白菜结球期叶面喷洒5次,经8年试验,对大白菜干烧心病的相对防治效果达80％以上。 在此基础上,采用~(45)Ca示踪试验的方法对防病机理做了进一步研究。结果表明,无论从根部还是从叶部加萘乙酸对根部和叶部~(45)Ca的吸收和运转均具有促进作用,并且改变了其在大白菜植株内的分配规律。对照株单位干叶重dpm值自外向内呈下降趋势(130×10~3─60×10~3);用NAA处理株则相反,自外向内呈增加趋势(120×10~3─250×10~3),说明萘乙酸具有促进钙素向叶球中内部运转的功效。这种效果在贮藏期间仍能保持。另外,~(45)Ca向直接受到NAA处理部位的运转量有明显增高的趋势。这一结果为补钙防治干烧心病提供了理论依据。     

普通番茄与秘鲁番茄杂种后代的形态,亲和性及抗性表现

继获得普通番茄‘北京早红’与秘鲁番茄杂交种后,本试验着重于对杂种后代的形态、亲和性及抗性表现的观察,杂种的多数性状为双亲中的显性性状或双亲的中间型,但也表现了一些奇异性状,如果实的颜色和花序的形状与排列通过株间的“杂交”克服了杂种的高度自交不亲和性,从而顺利得到杂种的自交后代;杂种各世代均高抗TMV 0株系和1株系,并有部分选系抗TMV 1·2株系,由此判断秘鲁番茄亲本可能具有TM~a_2基因;用南京地区CMV厥叶株系和强株系分别接种,各世代表现部分抗病或耐病。     

Detection and characterization of leptospiral antigens using a biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot.

A biotin/avidin double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antigens of Leptospira interrogans serovars in experimentally inoculated bovine urine samples was evaluated. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) from rabbits immunized with L. interrogans serovar hardjo type hardjobovis sonicated, whole cell, and formalinized-heated antigen preparations were purified by a protein A-superose column coupled to fast protein liquid chromatography, and evaluated for species specificity in the ELISA. The ELISA using each specific IgG detected as few as 10(4) leptospires of the homologous serovar hardjo diluted in phosphate-buffered saline solution with Tween 20 (PBSS-Tween 20). On immunoblot analysis of proteinase-K-digested whole cell leptospiral preparations, each IgG revealed the presence of bands specific to serovar hardjo, suggesting the presence of serovar-specific epitopes on the lipopolysaccharide molecules. The minimum number of cells of heterologous serovars pomona, grippotyphosa, bratislava, icterohaemorrhagiae and copenhageni detected by each ELISA was greater, ranging from 10(6) to 10(7). The common antigenic determinants observed on immunoblot analysis were different for each specific IgG, except for a major cross-reacting, possibly flagellar, protein doublet at approximately 36-36.5 kDa. Leptospires were equally well detected by the ELISA in both bovine urine and PBSS-Tween 20.     

Characterization of and radioimmunoassay for canine thyroglobulin

Canine thyroglobulin (cTg) has been isolated and purified. It has similar electrophoretic patterns as Tg from other mammalian species. The main fraction had a MW of 660,000, whereas also fractions of a MW of approximately 1,300,000 (dimer) and 330,000 (subunit) were present. The iodine content was 0.8 to 1.0 % (w/w). cTg did not cross-react with antibodies against human Tg to a degree that would allow the use of a radioimmunoassay for human Tg for the determination of cTg in serum or plasma. Therefore a polyclonal antiserum was raised against cTg and a homologous radioimmunoassay was developed, which was sensitive (0.4 μg/l) and specific (cross-reactivity in cTg assay of human Tg, goat Tg, T₄, T₃, and DIT < 0.01 %).

Plasma Tg levels in normal dogs of both sexes and aged 3–15 years amounted to 192 ± 73 μg/l (mean ± SD, n=30). There was no relation between plasma Tg and T₄ levels.     

马惠宁输油管道清管的风险分析及对策

介绍了马惠宁输油管道的施工和投产后的运行现状。由于多年运行，管道腐蚀严重，为此拟采用清管器进行内检测。对用清管器进行内检测可能产生的风险进行了分析，并提出了减小风险的对策。     

Construction and Development of the Dagangshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station

Established by the former Ministry of Forestry in 1986, Dagangshan Forest Ecosystem Research Station is one of the 14 national key sites in the field of ecosystem research. In this paper, the basic situation of Dagangshan Forest Ecosystem Station is described, including geographic location, natural conditions, biological resources, research conditions, instruments, achievement, prospects etc.     

山洪对房屋的破坏及防患

山洪对房屋的破坏随着生态环境的恶化而加剧,其损失又随人民生活水平的提高而增加。防患房屋遭受山洪破坏刻不容缓。本文客观地总结了山洪破坏房屋具有的区域性、多样性、毁灭性特征,通过分析房屋遭受山洪破坏的沉痼陋习,初步揭示了山洪惩罚人为性大失误的沉痛教训,进而提出防患山洪破坏房屋要非工程措施与工程措施相结合,运用社会、经济、法律的手段,加以减灾引导,加强建房管理,采取开撇水沟、挖水平槽、刨鱼鳞坑、砌护坡墙、打挡水桩等直接有效的工程措施,加速隐患补救,实现减灾目的。