酵母β-葡聚糖对仔猪生产性能影响的研究

选用72头28日龄断奶,体重均一的健康三元杂交仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3个重复,每重复6头猪。对照不添加,饲喂基础日粮;添加0.025%β-葡聚糖组;0.05%β-葡聚糖组;0.1%β-葡聚糖组;试验期28d。实验结果表明,与对照组相比:添加0.025%β-葡聚糖可通过提高日采食量提高试验期内的仔猪日增重10.8%(P>0.05),对降低腹泻率的影响差异不显著(P>0.05);添加0.05%β-葡聚糖可显著降低仔猪腹泻率(P<0.05),可提高日增重7.6%(P>0.05);添加0.1%β-葡糖对日增重和腹泻率都无显著影响(P>0.05)。本研究认为添加0.025%和0.05%β-葡聚糖都可在一定程度上提高断奶仔猪的生产性能。     

小熊猫源铜绿假单胞菌耐药性和耐药基因的研究

为了鉴定小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)肺源致病菌并研究其耐药性和耐药基因,从死亡小熊猫肺部组织中无菌分离培养致病菌,进行革兰氏染色及16S rDNA测序鉴定。采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行细菌药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验,应用PCR法检测分离株的28种β-内酰胺酶相关基因、6种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因(AMEs)、外膜蛋白D2基因(oprD2)、磺胺耐药基因(qacE△1-sul1)、3种整合子基因(intⅠ1、2、3)和主动外排泵调节基因(mexR)等共40种耐药基因。肺组织样品中分离培养的1株菌鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌,革兰氏染色阴性,药敏试验对氯霉素敏感,对β-内酰胺类、头孢类、氨基糖甙类、大环内酯类、硝基咪唑类、喹诺酮类和利福霉素等均具有耐药性,小鼠表现与小熊猫相似的症状而死亡。5种耐药基因TEM、aac(3)-Ⅱ、ant(3″)-Ⅰ、qacE△1-sul1、intⅠ1为阳性,其他35种为阴性。该小熊猫肺源铜绿假单胞菌具有较强的致病性和多药耐药性,其耐药机制与5种耐药基因有关。     

Thermally Switchable Periodicities and Diffraction from Mesoscopically Ordered Materials

Two switchable, mesoscopically periodic materials were created by combining crystalline colloidal array (CCA) self-assembly with the temperature-induced volume phase transition of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM). Body-centered-cubic CCAs of hydrated, swollen PNIPAM particles Bragg-diffract infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light weakly, whereas arrays of compact shrunken particles diffract efficiently. A tunable diffracting array was also created by embedding a CCA of polystyrene spheres within a PNIPAM hydrogel that swells and contracts with temperature; thus the array lattice constant varies with temperature, and the diffracted wavelength was thermally tunable across the entire visible spectrum. These materials may find applications in many areas of optics and materials science.     

Retropharyngeal lymph node infection in horses: 46 cases (1977–1992)

SUMMARY A retrospective study of 46 horses with retropharyngeal lymph node (RPLN) infection presented to the Rural Veterinary Centre between 1977 and 1992 was undertaken. Horses aged less than one year were most commonly represented (46%). Thirty-nine percent of cases had been exposed to horses with confirmed or suspected strangles (Streptococcus equi subsp equi infection) within the previous 8 weeks. Most frequent signs were unilateral or bilateral swelling of the throat region (65%), respiratory stertor/dyspnoea (35%), purulent nasal discharge (20%), inappetence and signs of depression (15%), and dysphagia (9%). All horses had a soft tissue density in the retropharyngeal region on radiographs. Rhinopharyngoscopy, ultrasonography, haematology as well as cytological and microbial analysis of material aspirated from the soft tissue swelling facilitated diagnosis in some horses. Fifteen horses (33%) were treated with procaine penicillin intramuscularly for 4 to 7 days followed by oral trimethoprim-sulphadimidine for 7 to 14 days. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were administered to 6 horses. Four required tracheostomy for severe respiratory distress. The 15 horses treated medically responded to treatment and were discharged from hospital. Three horses (6%) with mild signs received no treatment and recovered uneventfully. Twenty-eight horses (61%) underwent general anaesthesia and surgical drainage of a RPLN abscess. Nineteen received procaine penicillin G for 4 to 7 days. Four of the nine horses that did not receive antibiotic treatment after surgery required further surgical drainage 10 days to 7 weeks after the initial surgery . Limited follow-up information was available for 37 horses. Thirty-two horses were considered to have made complete recovery, 3 horses had died through misadventure and 2 had been euthanased because of chronic ill-thrift .     

芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂对鸡舍环境微生物的影响

【目的】研究芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂对鸡舍环境微生物的影响,为肉鸡鸡舍环境改善提供技术支持。【方法】试验在4间环控舱中进行,以1日龄AA肉公鸡为试验动物,采用交叉设计,先后进行2期试验,每期试验为期42d,设每日喷洒2mL/m3芽孢杆菌喷雾剂处理组和喷洒2mL/m3无菌水的对照组。以环控舱为试验单位,每个舱为1个重复,第1期试验以舱1和舱2为试验组,舱3和舱4为对照组;第2期试验舱1和舱2为对照组,舱3和舱4为试验组。于肉鸡21和42日龄时,利用六级空气微生物采样器采集环控舱内空气样品,并采集肉鸡排泄物样品,分别测定舍内空气和排泄物的微生物含量。【结果】1)21和42日龄时,试验组舱内空气总需氧菌含量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌含量极显著低于对照组;42日龄时,试验组舱内空气中金黄色葡萄球菌含量极显著低于对照组。2)21日龄时,排泄物总需氧菌和大肠杆菌含量极显著低于对照组;42日龄时,排泄物总需氧菌含量极显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌含量显著低于对照组。3)舍内空气总需氧菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌主要分布在1~4级(粒子直径7.0~2.1μm),5~6级(粒子直径2.1~0.65μm)分布较少。21日龄时,试验组舍内空气中采样器1~4级总需氧菌数量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌数量极显著低于对照组。42日龄时,试验组舍内空气中采样器2~5级总需氧菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组;1级总需氧菌数量显著低于对照组,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组;6级总需氧菌和大肠杆菌数量显著低于对照组,金黄色葡萄球菌数量极显著低于对照组。【结论】舍内定期喷洒芽孢杆菌喷雾制剂,能够降低鸡舍环境中的总需氧菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌数量,改善鸡舍环境。     

芦荟粉对不同性别肉仔鸡免疫机能及生产性能的影响

选用1日龄AA肉仔鸡共设雄性对照组(Ⅰ)、雄性芦荟粉组(Ⅱ)、雌性对照组(Ⅲ)和雌性芦荟粉组(Ⅳ)4个处理,Ⅰ、Ⅲ组饲喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅳ组均在基础日粮中添加600 mg.kg-1的芦荟粉。结果表明:雄性芦荟粉组比雄性对照组极显著降低了料肉比(P<0.01);21 d雄性芦荟粉组脾脏指数显著高于对照组(P<0.05);21 d雄性芦荟粉组新城疫血凝抑制效价显著高于对照组(P<0.05);42 d雄性芦荟粉组自然杀伤细胞杀伤活性极显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。说明日粮中添加芦荟粉可以提高肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫机能,且对雄性肉仔鸡生产性能和免疫机能影响效果优于雌性。     

基于高温诱发树木多倍体的模糊PID温度控制器

针对树木枝芽的室外高温诱发多倍体处理,介绍了一种模糊PID温度控制器,该控制器具有显示温度、设定温度、自动控制温度等功能。控制器采用PID参数模糊自整定方法,充分发挥了其动态响应好、上升时间快、超调小的特点,具有较高的动态跟踪品质和稳态精度,并在实际应用中取得了较好的控制效果。     

三尖杉的育苗技术

针对三尖杉种子休眠期长、发芽率极低(仅10%) 的问题,经近10年的试验研究,初步掌握了三尖杉种子的采收加工和播种育苗技术。以此 为基础,从采收及种子处理、种子层积催芽、播种育苗、育苗期的管护措施等方面,详细介 绍了三尖杉的育苗技术。     

豆米轮作对春玉米土壤固氮细菌群落结构及多样性的影响

为探明大豆-玉米轮作对土壤固氮细菌的影响,以玉米连作为对照(MMM),以nif-H基因为指示,采用高通量测序技术,分析大豆-玉米2年轮作周期(MSM)和大豆-玉米-玉米3年轮作周期(SMM)下土壤固氮细菌群落结构及多样性。结果表明：大豆-玉米轮作下0～20、20～40 cm土层土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、铵态氮和硝态氮均显著增加。固氮细菌的Chao1指数和ACE指数在0～20、20～40 cm土层均为轮作高于对照,轮作下MSM显著高于SMM;Shannon指数和Simpson指数在0～20 cm土层轮作显著高于MMM;20～40 cm土层MSM显著高于MMM。在门水平上,MSM和SMM的0～20、20～40 cm土层变形菌门的相对丰度均高于MMM。在属水平上,2个轮作类型0～20 cm土层的慢生根瘤菌属、弗兰克氏菌属和纤毛菌属相对丰度显著较高;20～40 cm土层慢生根瘤菌属、伪食酸菌属、地杆菌属和固氮弧菌属相对丰度显著较高;MSM 0～20、20～40 cm土层慢生根瘤菌属、甲基孢囊菌属和固氮弧菌属较SMM均提高。方差分析表明,固氮细菌丰度指数（Chao1和ACE指数）与有机质、碱解氮...     

燕麦对碱胁迫的阳离子响应机制

以耐碱性燕麦品种Vao-9和碱敏感性品种白燕5号为试验材料,采用盆栽法,用25、50、75、100 mmol L^-1碱浓度(Na₂CO₃和NaHCO₃按摩尔比1∶1混合)进行短期(14 d)和长期(28 d)胁迫处理,观测两品种根、茎、叶中Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺吸收及分配特点,并从离子平衡吸收与分配角度,探讨燕麦对碱胁迫的生理适应机制。胁迫处理14 d后,燕麦体内Na⁺增加,K⁺下降,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺变化不大,且两品种间各器官中4种离子的分配比例差异不显著。胁迫处理28 d后,两品种各器官中Na⁺增幅较大,K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺降幅较大。Vao-9植株体内Na⁺、Ca²⁺含量大于白燕5号,但K⁺、Mg²⁺含量与白燕5号无显著差异,但两品种间各器官中4种离子的分配特点不同;当胁迫浓度达到100 mmol L^-1时,与白燕5号相比,Vao-9叶片中少分配5.9个百分点Na⁺,多分配13.5个百分点K⁺、28.9Ca²⁺、10.9Mg²⁺,茎中多分配5.4个百分点Na⁺,少分配9.8个百分点K⁺,根中少分配28.9个百分点Ca²⁺、10.9Mg²⁺,因而Vao-9叶片中Na⁺ /K⁺、Na⁺ /Ca²⁺、Na⁺ /Mg²⁺值较白燕5号低。可见,燕麦通过提高阳离子选择吸收及器官分配能力以适应碱胁迫。