不同耕作措施下秸秆还田对土壤速效养分和微生物量的影响

为揭示西辽河平原玉米秸秆还田的效应,在2014—2015年设秸秆深翻还田(DR)和秸秆旋耕还田(RR)2个处理,以旋耕不还田(CK)为对照,研究了不同耕作措施下秸秆还田当年和次年对土壤速效养分和微生物量的影响。结果表明:DR和RR均能不同程度的提高土壤碱解氮、速效钾的含量和细菌、真菌、放线菌的数量,且DR较RR的效果更为明显,RR对土壤有效磷含量影响不大。秸秆还田次年完熟期,3个土层(0—10,10—20,20—30cm)的平均值,土壤碱解氮含量DR和RR分别较CK增加了26.60%,16.34%,有效磷含量分别增加了19.81%,0.92%,速效钾含量分别增加了23.95%,12.53%,3个土层的总计,细菌数量分别增加36.46%,9.80%,真菌数量分别增加了22.10%,21.90%,放线菌数量分别增加23.55%,17.38%。秸秆还田当年与次年相比,土壤速效养分除拔节期当年增长幅度低于次年外,其他各时期均表现为当年增长幅度高于次年,微生物量表现为次年增长幅度高于当年;秸秆还田与对照相比,土壤速效养分和微生物量的增加,主要表现在0—10cm土层;不同生育时期相比,土壤速效养分还田当年以完熟期最大,次年以拔节期最大。     

额济纳天然胡杨林土壤水分特征曲线研究

通过压力膜法实测土壤水分特征曲线,分析额济纳天然胡杨林3块典型林型的土壤持水特性.结果表明:土壤吸力与土壤含水量之间存在着显著的幂函数关系:0=aS-b;3种林型同一深度土壤含水量大小依次为:河漫滩胡杨成过熟林>无植被戈壁滩>胡杨青壮林,其中河漫滩胡杨成过熟林土壤含水量的变动幅度最大;3种林型不同土层土壤的持水性依次为:河漫滩胡杨成过熟林(60-80 cm)>河漫滩胡杨成过熟林(80-100 cm)>胡杨青壮林(80-100 cm)>无植被戈壁滩(60～80 cm)>无植被戈壁滩(80-100 cm)>胡杨青壮林(60一80 em).回归分析结果表明,该地区的土壤持水力不高,土壤含水率随水势降低而递减的速度较慢,河漫滩胡杨成、过熟林利用水分的能力最强.     

黄土高原西部丘陵区饲用燕麦生产性能和品质

研究旨在鉴定适宜黄土高原西部丘陵区种植的饲用燕麦品种.选择固原大燕麦为对照组(CK组),对引进的13个饲用燕麦品种开展草产量、品质等方面的研究.结果 显示,丹燕444、蒙特、青海444鲜草产量3年平均值分别比CK组显著降低21.79％、25.32％、28.08％ (P＜0.05);丹燕444、青海444干草产量3年平均...     

Comparison of two injectable anesthetic regimes in feral cats at a large-volume spay clinic

Same‐day mass sterilization of feral cats requires rapid onset, short‐duration anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to compare our current anesthetic protocol, Telazol–ketamine–xylazine (TKX) with medetomidine–ketamine–buprenorphine (MKB). Feral female cats received either IM TKX (n = 68; 0.25 mL cat^?1; tiletamine 12.5 mg, zolazepam 12.5 mg, K 20 mg, and X 5 mg per 0.25 mL) or MKB (n = 17; M 40 µg kg^?1, K 15 mg kg^?1, and B 10 µg kg^?1). Intervals measured included time from injection to recumbency, time to surgery, duration of surgery, and time from reversal of anesthesia (TKX: yohimbine 0.50 mg cat^?1 IV; MKB: atipamezole 0.50 mg cat^?1 IM) to sternal recumbency. Following instrumentation (Vet/Ox 4403 and Vet/BP Plus 6500), physiological measurements were recorded at 5‐minute intervals, and included rectal temperature, heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), SpO₂ (lingual or rectal probes), and indirect mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (oscillometric method). Nonparametric means were compared using Mann–Whitney U‐tests. Parametric means were compared using a two‐factorial anova with Bonferroni's t‐tests. The alpha‐priori significance level was p < 0.05. Values were mean ± SD. Body weight (TKX: 2.9 ± 0.5 kg, MKB: 2.7 ± 0.7 kg), time to recumbency (TKX: 4 ± 1 minutes, MKB: 3 ± 1 minutes), time to surgery (TKX: 28 ± 7 minutes, MKB: 28 ± 5 minutes), and duration of surgery (TKX: 11 ± 7 minutes, MKB: 8 ± 5 minutes) did not differ between groups. In contrast, MKB cats required less time from reversal to sternal recumbency (TKX: 68 ± 41 minutes, MKB: 7 ± 2 minutes) and were recumbent for shorter duration (TKX: 114 ± 39 minutes, MKB: 53 ± 6 minutes). Temperature decreased during the study in both groups, but overall temperature was higher in MKB cats (38.0 ± 0.95 °C) than in TKX cats (37.5 ± 0.95 °C). RR, HR, and SpO₂ did not change during the study in either group. However, overall HR and RR were higher in TKX cats (RR: 18 ± 8 breaths minute^?1, HR: 153 ± 30 beats minute^?1) compared to MKB cats (RR: 15 ± 7 breaths minute^?1, HR: 128 ± 19 beats minute^?1). In contrast, overall SpO₂ was lower in the TKX group (90 ± 6%) compared to the MKB group (94 ± 4%). MAP was also lower in the TKX group (112 ± 29 mm Hg) compared to that in the MKB group (122 ± 20 mm Hg). However, MAP increased in the TKX group during surgery compared to pre‐surgical values, but did not change in the MKB group. The results of this study suggested that MKB might be more suitable as an anesthetic for the purpose of mass sterilization of feral female cats.     

The incidence and severity of intercarpal ligament damage in the equine carpus

SUMMARY The arthroscopic findings in 104 intercarpal joints in 76 horses were reviewed to determine the incidence and severity of changes in the medial intercarpal ligament. Damage to the intercarpal ligament was observed in 43 joints in 35 horses, ranging from mild fraying of the edges of the ligament to complete disruption of all fibres. This represented an incidence of 41% of joints being affected. In 9 joints examined arthroscopically primarily as a further diagnostic procedure, ligament damage was evident in all cases. In horses undergoing arthroscopic surgery primarily for the treatment of osteochondral chip or slab fractures, there was some correlation between the severity of articular cartilage damage and the presence of ligament damage.     

Review of kinematic analysis in dogs

Objective gait analysis techniques aid investigators in the study of motion. Kinematic gait analysis techniques that objectively quantitate motion are valuable tools used to understand normal and abnormal motion in domestic animals. Recent advances in video technology have made the study of motion more readily accessible. Available systems can document gait in two or three dimensions (2D or 3D, respectively). Knowledge of fundamental gait analysis concepts is critical to generating meaningful data. The objective of this report is to review principles of kinematic data collection and analyses, with a focus on differences between 2D and 3D systems.     

小熊猫源铜绿假单胞菌耐药性和耐药基因的研究

为了鉴定小熊猫(Ailurus fulgens)肺源致病菌并研究其耐药性和耐药基因,从死亡小熊猫肺部组织中无菌分离培养致病菌,进行革兰氏染色及16S rDNA测序鉴定。采用纸片扩散法(K-B法)进行细菌药敏试验和小鼠致病性试验,应用PCR法检测分离株的28种β-内酰胺酶相关基因、6种氨基糖苷类修饰酶基因(AMEs)、外膜蛋白D2基因(oprD2)、磺胺耐药基因(qacE△1-sul1)、3种整合子基因(intⅠ1、2、3)和主动外排泵调节基因(mexR)等共40种耐药基因。肺组织样品中分离培养的1株菌鉴定为铜绿假单胞菌,革兰氏染色阴性,药敏试验对氯霉素敏感,对β-内酰胺类、头孢类、氨基糖甙类、大环内酯类、硝基咪唑类、喹诺酮类和利福霉素等均具有耐药性,小鼠表现与小熊猫相似的症状而死亡。5种耐药基因TEM、aac(3)-Ⅱ、ant(3″)-Ⅰ、qacE△1-sul1、intⅠ1为阳性,其他35种为阴性。该小熊猫肺源铜绿假单胞菌具有较强的致病性和多药耐药性,其耐药机制与5种耐药基因有关。