杂交狼尾草对草鱼肉脂肪酸组成的影响

实验表明,在配合饲料和杂交狼尾草比例为11(干物质比例)条件下养殖的草鱼与全配合饲料养殖的草鱼在背肌脂肪酸组成的对比中,饲草鱼多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的相对含量为(40.18±1.36)%,是饲料鱼(21.64±0.9g)%的1.86倍.饲草鱼n-3 PUFA的相对含量为(14.72±1.27)%,是饲料鱼(2.43±0.49)%的6.06倍.其中,最明显的是饲草鱼183n-3的相对含量(10.27±1.21)%是饲料鱼(1.01±0.02)%的10.17倍.实验也对比了杂交狼尾草叶片与饲料脂肪酸组成的差异.发现在杂交狼尾草(叶片)的脂肪酸组成中183n-3的含量高达(66.23±0.16)%.而在饲料中183n-3的含量仅为(4.34±0.03)%.杂交狼尾草和饲料中未检测到EPA和DHA.草鱼利用杂交狼尾草中丰富的183n-3生物转化生成了EPA和DHA,从而显著提高了饲草鱼鱼肉中n-3 PUFA的含量,促进草鱼生长发育、提高抗病能力,改善鱼肉品质.     

超声技术在食品杀菌及废水处理中应用的研究进展

介绍了超声的定义和超声杀菌的机理。综述了近些年来超声在食品杀菌及废水处理领域的研究进展,重点阐述超声与其他技术结合使用的杀菌效果,并提出了超声在这些领域中的研究发展方向。     

玉米穗茎兼收割台切碎装置参数优化

针对玉米穗茎兼收割台的需求,设计了一种横置滚筒式茎秆切碎装置,并对其切碎性能及割台摘穗性能进行了试验研究。通过对切碎装置工作原理的分析,确定在拉茎速度与切碎滚筒转速比值一定的条件下,以机器作业速度、动刀切割前角、切碎滚筒转速为自变量,以玉米果穗损失率、籽粒破碎率、籽粒损失率、茎秆平均切段长度和几何标准差为试验指标,利用Box-Benhnken Design中心组合试验设计原理,进行了3因素3水平正交旋转组合田间试验,利用Design-Expert软件对试验结果进行了响应面分析和回归分析,得到试验指标与试验因素间的数学模型。试验结果表明：机器作业速度和切碎滚筒转速与5个试验指标有二次非线性关系,动刀切割前角仅与茎秆平均切段长度、几何标准差有二次非线性关系,因素的交互项中仅机器作业速度与切碎滚筒转速的交互项对籽粒破碎率、茎秆平均切段长度有显著影响。对切碎滚筒转速进行圆整,得到最优参数组合为：机器作业速度为1.35m/s,动刀切割前角为52°,切碎滚筒转速为1350r/min,此时果穗损失率为1.1%,籽粒破碎率为0.23%、籽粒损失率为0.74%、茎秆平均切段长度为30.73mm、几何标准差为1.28。与田间试验结果对比可知,回归模型有很好的可靠性。将最优组合试验结果与优化前的参数组合（机器作业速度为1.11m/s,动刀切割前角为53°,切碎滚筒转速为1657r/min）得到的结果进行比较可知：优化后较优化前果穗损失率降低0.4%,籽粒破碎率降低0.784%,籽粒损失率降低1.318%,茎秆平均切段长度缩短12.20mm,几何标准差减少0.34。优化后试验指标低于标准规定的指标值,满足设计要求。     

Impact of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes on transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of transdifferentiation of renal tubular epithelial cells by the observation of serial activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes in chronic renal failure model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury. METHODS: Embryo of mice, cultured renal tubule cells and chronic renal failure rat model of 5/6 nephrectomized injury were established. The expressions of paired Box gene (pax2) and Willm’s tumor gene (WT1), as well as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a phenotype of mesenchymal cells, were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques. RESULTS: (1) Expressions of pax2 and WT1 mRNA began at 11.5 d and 14 d of embryo and increased gradually, and expression in trace quantity at 2 weeks after birth. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that WT1 only expressed in the glomerular podocytes and expressions of pax2 and WT1 in adult renal tubular cells were negative. (2) Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 in some tubular cells appeared at week 2 and peaked at week 4 in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, both showing a same trend of expression. However, pax2 showed another peak at week 10 afterwards. (3) Re-expressions of pax2 and WT1 in TEC at 0.5 and 24 h after treated with IL-1α (10 μg/L) or AngII (10-9 mol/L) were observed respectively, followed by upregulation of α-SMA expression, and mesenchymal cells characters were shown. The effects were inhibited by Ang II receptor 2 antagonist and WT1 antibody, respectively. CONCLUSION: Adult renal tubule cells acquire re-activation of embryonic pax2 and WT1 genes and phenotypes of mesenchymes when challenge with certain injuries. Deno-expression of pax2 and WT1 genes closely relates with high concentration of bioactive facors, such as AngII and IL-1, which are involved in the mechanisms of renal tubule cells transdifferentiation.     

散生指天小辣椒“满天星”的选育

满天星是以辣椒胞质雄性不育系E4A为母本,恢复系E28C为父本配制的中熟辣椒一代杂种。果实羊角形,纵径6～8cm,横径1．0-1．2cm,平均单果质量4．5g。青熟果绿色,老熟果鲜红色,辣味香浓。每667m。产鲜红椒1800～2400kg,干椒300～400kg。抗CMV和疫病,中抗TMV,适宜全国各地早春露地和保护地栽培。     

xPC环境下CMAC NN在淀粉生产线液位控制中的应用

在分析CMAC神经网络的基础上,提出了利用自适应CMAC神经网络来调节淀粉生产线中乳液的液位.通过对淀粉生产线中某一液位回路进行数学建模,然后对常规PID和自适应CMAC神经网络两种控制器进行了设计与仿真.仿真结果表明,自适应CMAC神经网络在控制效果上明显优于常规PID,并且具有很高的鲁棒性.在Matlab实时开发环境xPC Target下建立了液位实时控制系统,采用快速原型控制方式,具有系统组建方便、成本低、开发周期短等特点,该系统可实现精确的过程控制.     

灯泡体支撑件对贯流泵水力性能的影响

灯泡体支撑件(包括进人孔和底部支承)是贯流泵装置内部重要的过流部件,本文采用CFD方法对贯流泵装霞内部流场进行数值模拟,对不同支撑件形状进行了比较分析和优化,并与试验结果比较.结果表明,进人孔和底部支承的形状对泵装置的水力损失和水流流态的影响都比较明显,合理的支撑件形状可以改善流态、减少水流环量,提高泵装置效率.     

基于非接触式速度测量的排种驱动系统

介绍了一种利用非接触式速度测量装置驱动排种器的工作原理.该装置用前后两个光电传感器来探测路面的反射光信号,根据两路信号的时间差得到相对速度,并用该测速装置来驱动步进电机,步进电机带动排种器转动,以达到排种和速度同步的目的.此装置可以改善现有播种机靠地轮驱动时由于打滑造成的排种不均匀的问题,使排种更加均匀化.     

Immune responses and enhanced disease resistance in Chinese drum, Miichthys miiuy (Basilewsky), after oral administration of live or dead cells of Clostridium butyrium CB2

Clostridium butyrium CB2 isolated from chickens was tested as a potential fish probiotic in the Chinese drum, Miichthys miiuy . Fish were fed live (CB), dead CB2 (D-CB) cells (10⁸ cells g⁻¹) or spent culture supernatant (SCS), for 30 days and challenged with Vibrio anguillarum or Aeromonas hydrophila . Survival was higher in both the CB and the CB-D fed groups, but the SCS group was not significantly different from the control. After feeding live or dead CB2 cells, there was increase in phagocytic activity of the head kidney macrophages, the lysozyme activity of serum and gut mucosa and immunoglobulin (Ig) level. The SCS group showed no obvious change in immune parameters. The results suggest that live or dead Clostridium butyrium CB2 has an immunomodulatory effect on fish.     

花椰菜未受精子房、花托、花序轴离体培养诱导成苗研究

以花椰菜的花托、花序轴和未受了房为外植体,诱导出不定芽,并进行继代增殖培养,在工增殖培养基上每隔２５～３０天,不定芽可以增殖５～６倍,不加激素的１／２ＭＳ培养基上,试管苗生根率达到９８％以上,移栽成活率达到９５％以上。经观察,花托和未受精了再生植株是由外植体直接分化而来,不经过愈伤组织阶段,这样可避免不良变异,保持材料的遗传稳定性。