不同制粒温度对植酸酶活性的影响及畜禽饲养对比试验研究

试验将含有制粒专用植酸酶制剂的日粮样本在4种温度条件下进行制粒．制粒后的饲料应用植酸酶国标法进行酶活测定,结果表明：制粒专用植酸酶在调制温度70℃左右、蒸汽压力不高的情况下酶活基本未丧失,性能比较理想：当制粒温度达到80℃以上时,酶活明显降低,但总体保持在500U／kg以上．制粒用植酸酶仍具有较好的耐热性能。经过动物饲养试验表明．肉鸡和育肥猪饲养对照组和处理组之间的平均日增重和料肉比差异都不显著（p〉0．01）,这说明在添加制粒专用植酸酶后．对磷酸氢钙的量进行调整并不会影响肉鸡和育肥猪的生长性能．且同样能达到普通植酸酶在粉状饲料中的应用效果。     

从英国樱桃谷鸭育种史来谈我国肉鸭育种创新出路

从历史上看,英国樱桃谷公司养鸭不过40年左右的时间,而我国北京鸭已有500多年的历史。英国樱桃谷公司肉鸭育种在短时间内取得了巨大成绩,而我国肉鸭育种却大大落后,我国肉鸭育种创新已迫在眉睫。     

浙江省某地区保育猪群呼吸道疾病综合征现场调查与诊治

2017年9—11月,浙江省某地区保育猪群病死数量明显上升,12月底调查人员对这一地区内的5家猪场开展了流行病学调查。经现场调查、座谈、剖检和实验室检测发现:该地区保育阶段猪群病死数量异常升高的主要病因是由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪瘟病毒、猪圆环2型,以及副猪嗜血杆菌、猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌等病原混合或继发感染造成的猪呼吸道疾病综合征,其中猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒和猪圆环2型的混合感染和细菌继发感染是主要因素;免疫程序不合理导致野毒感染,使保育猪死淘率增加。药敏试验结果显示,分离的细菌对林可霉素和替米考星等耐药。结果表明,各猪场应制定合理的免疫程序,加强上述疫病的免疫,同时要加强生物安全和卫生消毒管理以及饲养管理工作,科学合理使用抗菌药物,以降低保育猪死淘率。     

桑枝粗细和空间位置对叶片微量元素分布的影响

为探明新生桑枝叶片中微量元素的分布格局,以雾化栽培的桑树实生苗为材料,研究叶片中铁、锰、铜、锌、硫、硼、钼和氯等8种微量元素分布对枝条粗细和空间位置的响应情况。结果表明,叶片中的铜、锌、锰和钼含量与空间位置无显著的相关性,而铁、硼和氯元素含量表现为下部叶大于上部叶,硫含量则表现为上部叶大于下部叶;桑枝的粗细不会对叶片中的铜、锌和铁含量造成显著的影响,但可以改变锰、硫、硼、钼和氯元素的含量,即粗枝上的叶片中的硫和钼含量较高,中等粗细枝条上叶片中的锰、硼和氯元素含量最高。微量元素的含量是桑叶多元化开发利用的品质基础,应进一步关注影响桑叶微量元素含量的内外驱动因子,如养分供应、生长阶段和桑树品种。     

Pharmacokinetics of sanguinarine,chelerythrine, and their metabolites in broiler chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Sanguinarine (SA) and chelerythrine (CHE) are the main active components of the phytogenic livestock feed additive, Sangrovit®. However, little information is available on the pharmacokinetics of Sangrovit® in poultry. The goal of this work was to study the pharmacokinetics of SA, CHE, and their metabolites, dihydrosanguinarine (DHSA) and dihydrochelerythrine (DHCHE), in 10 healthy female broiler chickens following oral (p.o.) administration of Sangrovit® and intravenous (i.v.) administration of a mixture of SA and CHE. The plasma samples were processed using two different simple protein precipitation methods because the parent drugs and metabolites are stable under different pH conditions. The absorption and metabolism of SA following p.o. administration were fast, with half‐life (t_1/2) values of 1.05 ± 0.18 hr and 0.83 ± 0.10 hr for SA and DHSA, respectively. The maximum concentration (C_max) of DHSA (2.49 ± 1.4 μg/L) was higher that of SA (1.89 ± 0.8 μg/L). The area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) values for SA and DHSA were 9.92 ± 5.4 and 6.08 ± 3.49 ng/ml hr, respectively. Following i.v. administration, the clearance (CL) of SA was 6.79 ± 0.63 (L·h^?1·kg^?1) with a t_1/2 of 0.34 ± 0.13 hr. The AUC values for DHSA and DHCHE were 7.48 ± 1.05 and 0.52 ± 0.09 (ng/ml hr), respectively. These data suggested that Sangrovit® had low absorption and bioavailability in broiler chickens. The work reported here provides useful information on the pharmacokinetic behavior of Sangrovit® after p.o. and i.v. administration in broiler chickens, which is important for the evaluation of its use in poultry.     

丝胶凝胶物理性状的研究

丝胶在凝胶化时,强力增加,而表面张力减小。丝胶凝胶,在30～40℃热水处理时,溶解量很小;50一70℃热水处理时,溶解量增多,溶解速度呈恒定状态;80℃以上,呈快速溶解。根据丝胶凝胶的DTA分析,其吸热分解峰向高温侧移动,这表明丝胶分子的有序性、结晶度提高了。丝胶凝胶在热水处理时,转化为液胶,同时丝胶分子也由β构象转化为无视卷曲结构。并且,丝胶液胶又可重新凝胶化。     

防治桑枝芽枯萎细菌病害药物室内药效测定初报

作者1995~1996年对征集到的20多种杀菌剂,对桑枝、芽枯萎细菌病病原细菌No:1、No:2号菌株,应用植物病原细菌室内药效测定常规方法——抑菌圈法进行筛选,最后得出硫酸链霉素、盐酸土霉素、代森铵、抗菌素402、新洁尔灭、波尔多液、甲醛共七种对供试菌株效力较强,其中硫酸链霉素、盐酸土霉素、代森铵、波尔多液、甲醛已在病区小区试验和大田防治效果良好.     

Phylogenetic and expression analysis of the magnesium transporter family in pear,and functional verification of PbrMGT7 in pear pollen

The magnesium ion (Mg²⁺) is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells, and it plays essential roles in various cellular functions. Mg²⁺ homeostasis in plant cells is crucial for plant growth. The MRS2/MGT family of proteins localise to various membranes, and they function during Mg²⁺ transport in plants, but their functions are largely unknown in fruit trees. In this study, we performed a genome-wide analysis to identify the MGT gene family members in the pear Pyrus bretschneideri. Sixteen MGT genes were identified. Analysis of the activity of pear pollen showed that a low-concentration magnesium ion treatment was beneficial for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. None of the 16 MGT genes were expressed in any unique tissue, including pollen, and their expression in magnesium-treated pollen varied greatly, where PbrMGT7 was the most sensitive and it was tested as a representative. PbrMGT7 could functionally complement a bacterial strain deficient in Mg²⁺, thereby indicating a role in magnesium transport. A co-localisation experiment confirmed that PbrMGT7 was localised in the mitochondria, which suggests that PbrMGT7 could mediate Mg-trafficking between the mitochondria and cytosol. Overall, these results suggest that PbrMGT7 is related to Mg²⁺ homeostasis during pear pollen tube growth.??     

Identification of lactic acid bacteria in the feces of dairy cows fed whole crop maize silage to assess the survival of silage bacteria in the gut

In order to assess the survival of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in whole crop maize silage in the gut of dairy cows, one representative silage sample and three different feces samples were collected from dairy cows on three dairy farms in Hua Bei, China and three dairy farms in Kyushu, Japan. The composition of the bacterial community was examined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Lactobacillus acetotolerans was detected in all bunker‐made maize silage samples, regardless of the dairy farm or sampling region from which they were sourced. A total of eight LAB species were detected in the maize silage samples, of which three (L. acetotolerans, L. pontis and L. casei) appeared to survive digestion. The populations of L. acetotolerans in silage and feces were 10^6–7 and 10^3–4 copies/g, respectively, indicating that, even for the LAB species showing potential survival in the gut, competition in this niche may be harsh and the population may substantially decrease during the digestion process. It may be difficult for silage LAB to survive in the gut of silage‐fed dairy cows, because marked decrease in population can take place during the digestion process, even for surviving species.     

Transplantation Therapy of Cats with Chronic Renal Failure

Dialysis therapy is not a radical cure of chronic renal failure in cats,while renal transplantation is the cure method.Renal transplanta-tion requires rigorous examination of donor and receptor,and the procedure is strictly sterile.The main points of renal transplantation are:renal artery and vein sutured to abdominal aorta and posterior vena cava,respectively;ureter sutured to bladder;minimizing the time of thermal ischemia.Cats should be given immunosuppressant before the operation,and the drug should be administered throughout the life.Various indicators should be monitored regularly to prevent the occurrence of immunological rejection.