无角陶赛特羊与湖羊杂交效果的研究

本试验研究了无角陶赛特肉羊与湖羊的杂交效果。陶湖F1代羔羊初生体重高于湖羔羊,差异极显著(P<0.01),6月龄陶湖F1代平均体高于湖羔羊,差异极显著(P<0.02)。陶湖F1代体长、身高分别比同龄湖羔羊高3.4%、1.2%,差异显著(P<0.04),胸围提高16.4%,差异极显著(P<0.01),其外观更趋向于父本,表现为生长发育快、体大、胸阔、背圆的肉用羊特征。陶湖F1代屠宰率、净肉率比湖羊高21.27%、14.51%,差异显著(P<0.01)。无角陶赛特羊与湖羊杂交优势明显。     

Effect of chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins on serum biochemical profiles and intestinal bacterial populations in early‐weaned piglets

This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with anti‐E. coli, chicken egg yolk immunoglobulins (IgY), may affect early weaned piglet (EWP) intestinal functions and enteric micro‐organisms. One hundred and forty‐eight ([Landrace × Yorkshire] × Duroc) piglets, weaned at age day 21, were randomly assigned to receive one of three diets for 14 days. Treatment group one (control group) was fed the base diet. Treatment group two (antibiotics group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 100 ppm colistin sulphate and 15 ppm enramycin; treatment group three (IgY group) was fed the base diet which was supplemented with 500 mg/kg anti‐E. coli IgY. The study evaluated the effects on EWPs of IgY on growth, serum biochemical, inflammatory profiles and also digestion content intestinal bacterial populations. Results showed no significant difference in diarrhoea rates between IgY‐fed EWPs and antibiotic‐treated EWPs. Serum biochemical analysis showed that EWPs fed an IgY‐containing diet had both lower (p < 0.05) cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein compared to antibiotic‐treated EWPs. Escherichia coli populations measured in IgY‐fed EWP ileal contents, compared to the control group, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05). Enterococcus, Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium populations were unaffected by the IgY treatment. Larger (p < 0.05) Enterococcus populations and lower (p < 0.05) expression levels of heat‐stable enterotoxin b (STb) were observed in IgY‐fed EWP caecal digesta compared to the control group. Enteric Lactobacillus significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in EWPs fed antibiotics while it was unaffected by IgY treatment. Dietary supplementation with anti‐E. coli IgY has the potential to suppress enteric E. coli growth, but not Lactobacillus, Clostridium and Bifidobacterium. This promotes and maintains a healthy EWP intestinal environment. These findings suggest that IgY may be used as an alternative to antibiotics in EWP diets.     

The production of short chain fatty acid and colonic development in weaning piglets

Weaning process widely affects the small intestinal structure and function in piglets, while the responses of large intestine to weaning stress are still obscure. The purpose of this study was to determine the developmental changes (i.e., short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentrations, growth parameters, crypt‐related indices and antioxidant capacity) in colon of piglet during weaning. Forty piglets were weaned at day 21 and euthanized to collect colonic tissues and digesta samples on day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14 post‐weaning (n = 8). Piglet growth performance was improved (p < .001) on day 7 and 14 post‐weaning. The concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, valerate, isobutyrate, isovalerate and total SCFAs were higher (p < .001) during the late post‐weaning period. The mRNA abundances of SCFAs transporters were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. The absolute and relative weights, absolute length and perimeter of colon were greater (p < .001) on day 7 and 14. Similarly, post‐weaning increases (p < .001) in colonic crypt depth and Ki67 positive cells numbers per crypt were observed during the same period. Colonic crypt fission indices decreased (p < .01), while total crypt numbers increased (p < .001) on day 14 after weaning. Moreover, total SCFAs concentration was significantly associated with colonic growth parameters and Ki67 cells/crypt (p < .001). In addition, catalase content was decreased on day 3, 7, and 14, whereas, the concentrations of total superoxide dismutase (T‐SOD) and manganese‐containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) were higher (p < .05) on day 1 and 3 post‐weaning. These results showed that weaning process has a significant effect on colonic growth and development, which might be associated with the change of SCFAs concentrations in colon.     

云南省昆明市动物园大肠杆菌分离株毒力基因分布特征

为研究云南省昆明市动物园动物体内大肠杆菌(E.coli)分离株毒力基因的分布特征,从圆通山动物园37个动物种群粪便中分离出37株E.coli,采用生化鉴定方法鉴定大肠杆菌,PCR方法检测19种毒力基因。鉴定结果表明:37株E.coli中,ompA、iroN、fimC、aatA、vat 5种毒力基因携带率分别为100%、95.49%、83.78%、70.27%、51.35%,ibeA、neuC、iutA、traT、stx 5种毒力基因携带率为0,其他9种毒力基因携带率均低于40.00%;分离菌株普遍携带8种以下毒力基因,同时携带10种以上毒力基因的概率为8.10%;分离株强毒力岛基因携带率较高,分布较为普遍。结果表明,昆明市圆通山动物园内流行的大肠杆菌以致病性大肠杆菌为主,不同种类动物体内大肠杆菌的毒力基因携带率存在较大差异,其原因可能与动物的饲养环境以及动物自身的适应能力和抵抗力有关。因此,对于动物园内具有较高大肠杆菌致病风险的动物,要采取相应防治措施,防止大肠杆菌病发生与流行。     

不同水平纤维素酶对肉鸡屠宰性能、免疫器官指数及血清生化指标的影响

试验选用1dAA＋肉鸡1050羽作为试验动物,随机分为7个组,每组5个重复,每个重复30羽,分别饲喂不同水平的纤维素酶,试验期42d,分别于21d、42d测定肉鸡的屠宰率、半净膛率和腹脂率;同时测定胸腺、脾脏和法氏囊的器官指数及血清中血糖和尿素氮含量。试验结果表明,添加不同水平的纤维素酶对21d肉鸡的屠宰性能并未产生显著影响;对42d肉鸡的屠宰率和半净膛率效果显著,试验组G屠宰率提高了3.94%（P〈0.05）,试验组E半净膛率提高了2.46%（P〈0.05）。肉鸡胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊器官指数有不同程度的提高,差异不显著。添加不同水平的纤维素酶能够显著提高1～21d和22～42d肉鸡血液内葡萄糖含量,试验组G提高了4.25%（P〈0.05）。添加不同水平的纤维素酶能够降低1～21d肉鸡血清内尿素氮水平,试验组G降低了6.14%（P〈0.05）。     

湖南长沙市病死畜禽无害化处理监管分析

为做好病死畜禽无害化处理工作,长沙市全面开展动物无害化处理体系建设,加强信息化监管平台建设,积极推动地方立法,严厉打击违法行为,探索建立病死动物无害化处理长效监管机制。本文通过概述长沙市病死畜禽无害化处理工作现状,分析了长沙市现有动物无害化处理体系建设情况,包括动物无害化处理中心、收集转运中心、收集暂存点和无害化处理点等。指出了当前存在的监管难度大,养殖保险未全覆盖,补助机制不完善,相关法律法规不健全等问题,由此提出加大财政支持力度,实现养殖保险全覆盖,完善无害化处理补助机制,推动出台相关法律法规,厘清责任分工等思考建议。     

桑树品种对黄化型萎缩病抗病性与过氧化物酶关系的研究

不同抗黄化型萎缩病能力的桑品种枝皮的过氧化物酶同工酶聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳表明，品种间同工酶带差异明显，其酶带数目与桑品种抗病性成正相关。不同抗性品种接种类菌原体（ＭＬＯ）后，经不同时段过氧化物酶同工酶酶带区和酶带数与未接种的无明显差异，但酶带均有不同程度的加强，且随着接种后经过日数的增多而加强。因此，认为过氧化物酶是桑树抗ＭＬＯ的机制组分之一。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定猪肝中氯丙嗪残留的研究

气相色谱—质谱法(GC-MS)检测猪肝中氯丙嗪的残留量,试样中残留的氯丙嗪经乙酸乙酯提取,用正己烷和C18柱净化后,用氨化乙酸乙酯洗脱。采用EI电离源方式进行选择离子扫描(SIM),选择离子包括86,233,272,318。方法的检测限为1μg/kg(S/N>3),线性范围为1-200μg/kg,加标回收率为68.00%-92.10%,相对标准偏差(n=5)为5.92-9.35%。该法具有灵敏度高,实用性强和操作简单等优点。     

湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展的探索与实践

湖南省主动适应兽医工作新形势,积极推进兽医社会化服务发展,创新服务体制机制,扎实稳妥开展兽医社会化服务试点。本文总结了湖南省推进兽医社会化服务发展取得的成效,包括防疫效果提升、人员待遇提高、职能定位明确,发展空间拓宽等,分析了改革试点中存在的社会化服务组织发展困难、财政投入不足、监管体系能力薄弱等问题,提出了加强统筹协调、注重组织培育、加强财政保障、强化绩效评估等发展建议,为全面推进兽医社会化服务提供了借鉴。     

不同年限封育对黄土高原典型草原地上植被的影响

为了揭示自然恢复过程中植被动态变化规律,以黄土高原典型草原为研究对象,采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,分析不同年限封育(0、5、15、23和32年)对草地植被特征、物种多样性和群落演替动态变化的影响。结果表明,随着封育年限的增加,枯落物量和厚度呈递增趋势,群落盖度呈先增加后降低趋势,群落密度呈递减趋势,地上生物量和禾草地上生物量均呈先增加后降低的趋势,且均在封育23年草地达到了峰值。不同年限的封育对Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数影响不显著(P0.05)。地上植被的物种丰富度呈先增加后降低趋势,且在封育15年达到峰值。地上植被群落封育演替的一般模式为杂类草生长阶段→本氏针茅(Stipa bungeana)逐渐占优势阶段→本氏针茅稳定发展阶段。