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Takuji Nakamura Mitsuru Osaki Takayoshi Koike Yuko T. Hanba Eitaro Wada Toshiaki Tadano 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2013,59(4):789-798
Effect of CO2 enrichment on the carbon-nitrogen balance in whole plant and the acclimation of photosynthesis was studied in wheat (spring wheat) and soybean (A62-1 [nodulated] and A62-2 [non-nodulated]) with a combination of two nitrogen application rates (0 g N land area m-2 and 30 g N land area m-2) and two temperature treatments (30/20°C (day/night) and 26/16°C). Results were as follows. 1. Carbon (dry matter)-nitrogen balance of whole plant throughout growth was remarkably different between wheat and soybean, as follows: 1) in wheat, the relationship between the amount of dry matter (DMt) and amount of nitrogen absorbed (Nt) in whole plant was expressed by an exponential regression, in which the regression coefficient was affected by only the nitrogen application rate, and not by CO2 and temperature treatments, and 2) in soybean the DMt-Nt relationship was basically expressed by a linear regression, in which the regression coefficient was only slightly affected by the nitrogen treatment (at 0N, DMt-Nt balance finally converged to a linear regression). Thus, carbon-nitrogen interaction in wheat was strongly affected by the underground environment (nitrogen nutrition), but not by the above ground environment (CO2 enrichment and temperature), while that in soybean was less affected by both under and above ground environments. 2. The photosynthetic response curve to CO2 concentration in wheat and soybean was less affected by the CO2 enrichment treatment, while that in wheat and soybean (A62-2) was affected by the nitrogen treatment, indicating that nitrogen nutrition is a more important factor for the regulation of photosynthesis regardless of the CO2 enrichment. 3. Carbon isotope discrimination (..:1) in soybean was similar to that in wheat under ambient CO2, while lower than that in wheat under CO2 enrichment, suggesting that the carbon metabolism is considerably different between wheat and soybean under the CO2 enrichment conditions. 相似文献
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Comparative Analysis of Rice Genome Sequence to Understand the Molecular Basis of Genome Evolution 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Accurate sequencing of the rice genome has ignited a passion for elucidating mechanism for sequence diversity among rice varieties and species, both in protein-coding regions and in genomic regions that are important for chromosome functions. Here, we have shown examples of sequence diversity in genic and non-genic regions. Sequence analysis of chromosome ends has revealed that there is diversity in both sequences and distribution in the region of telomere repeat arrays, from chromosome to chromosome, within a plant. Detailed study has allowed us to speculate the mechanism of generation of these arrays. Sequence analysis using various cultivated and wild rice of the sd1 gene, which contributed to the “Green Revolution” in rice varieties and their wild progenitors, has also demonstrated sequence diversity, which is correlated with taxonomic classification. These results indicate that detailed analysis of sequence diversity and comparison might give us a clue in elucidating mechanism of the evolution of rice genome. 相似文献
84.
The dynamic state of the ionome in roots,nodules, and shoots of soybean under different nitrogen status and at different growth stages 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2 下载免费PDF全文
Qingnan Chu Toshihiro Watanabe Takuro Shinano Takuji Nakamura Norikuni Oka Mitsuru Osaki Zhimin Sha 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2016,179(4):488-498
The relative distribution of 22 mineral elements in the roots, nodules and shoots of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr. cv. Tsurumusume) at R1 (beginning of the flowering stage) and R7 (beginning of the mature stage) was investigated in response to ammonium and manure N treatment. Plants receiving only atmospheric nitrogen served as the negative control. The addition of ammonium sulfate to the soil caused soil acidification, induced Al and Mn toxicities, and significantly reduced the biomass production in roots and nodules. Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn concentrations were significantly higher in shoots, and those of Mo and Co higher in nodules. The addition of manure to the soil significantly enhanced the levels of Sr, Ba, Cr, and Cd in shoots, whereas the concentration of Cs was decreased at R7. Moreover, when the soybean developed from R1 to R7, the levels of essential elements in nodules decreased, whereas those of nonessential elements increased, irrespective of the nitrogen source. Furthermore, the variation in the concentrations of many elements was not consistent for nodules and roots when soybean developed from R1 to R7. The variation of Mn, Zn, B, and Al concentrations was independent of N treatments. However, Ca, Fe, Cu, Mo, and Se levels were affected strongly by N treatments. This study is the first to document the dynamic variation of the soybean ionome in nodules, roots, and shoots from vegetative to reproductive stage of soybean. 相似文献
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Masato Kamisako Hiroyuki Sase Taeko Matsui Hiroko Suzuki Akiomi Takahashi Takuji Oida Makoto Nakata Tsumugu Totsuka Hiromasa Ueda 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2008,195(1-4):51-61
Fluxes of major ions in rainfall (RF), throughfall plus stemflow (TF + SF), and stream water (SW) were measured for five water years in a small catchment of a Japanese cedar forest near the Sea of Japan. The fluxes of most ions in RF and in TF + SF, including the non-sea-salt constituents, increased from late autumn to midwinter owing to the seasonal westerly wind. The concentrations of most ions in SW showed no obvious seasonal trend during the study period, whereas ${\text{NO}}_3 ^ - $ concentrations were lowest in summer, with a small seasonality. The Ca2+ and Mg2+ outputs in SW were approximately 3.7 and 1.8 times the TF + SF inputs of these cations, respectively. The large net outputs of base cations in the catchment may indicate a decrease in the soil's acid-neutralizing capacity. Annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen inputs in RF and in TF + SF were 17.7 and 17.9 kg N ha?1 year?1, respectively, which exceeded previously published thresholds in Europe and the U.S. (i.e., the values at which these inputs increased ${\text{NO}}_3 ^ - $ levels in SW) and equaled the highest level of nitrogen deposition previously reported in Japan. The ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}} ^{\text{ - }} $ concentrations in SW were relatively high even in summer. During high-precipitation events, ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}} ^{\text{ - }} $ concentrations in SW increased with increasing water discharge, and the pH decreased simultaneously during several events. Nitrogen deposition may contribute to the high ${\text{NO}}_{\text{3}} ^{\text{ - }} $ concentrations in SW and the temporary acidification that occurred during the rain events. 相似文献
87.
An SNP caused loss of seed shattering during rice domestication 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Konishi S Izawa T Lin SY Ebana K Fukuta Y Sasaki T Yano M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5778):1392-1396
Loss of seed shattering was a key event in the domestication of major cereals. We revealed that the qSH1 gene, a major quantitative trait locus of seed shattering in rice, encodes a BEL1-type homeobox gene and demonstrated that a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 5' regulatory region of the qSH1 gene caused loss of seed shattering owing to the absence of abscission layer formation. Haplotype analysis and association analysis in various rice collections revealed that the SNP was highly associated with shattering among japonica subspecies of rice, implying that it was a target of artificial selection during rice domestication. 相似文献
88.
Hashimoto S Nishihara T Murata Y Oku H Nakaoka Y Fukuda A Morimoto Y 《The Journal of reproduction and development》2008,54(5):370-374
L-Glutamine has been shown to play an important role during in vitro culture of mammalian embryos. However, it is easily decomposed into ammonium, which is believed to have deleterious effects on preimplantation embryos. In this study, we assessed prospectively the developmental competence of human embryos cultured in medium containing L-glutamine or a novel stable glutamine derivative and vitamins. The subjects of this study were 41 women who underwent IVF/ET treatment from September to November 2006 and from whom 6 or more oocytes were retrieved. Sibling oocytes were randomly divided into EA/BA (EmbryoAssyst and BlastAssyst containing a novel stable glutamine derivative and vitamins), and BAS groups (BlastAssyst system containing L-glutamine). There was no difference in pronuclear formation rate between EA/BA and BAS (74 vs. 69%). The blastulation rates of embryos based on the number of zygotes cultured in EA/BA on Days 5 (Day 0=insemination, 54%) and 6 (63%) were significantly higher (P<0.05) than those cultured in BAS (Day 5: 33% and Day 6: 45%, respectively). The present data indicate that a medium containing a novel stable glutamine derivative and vitamins supports the developmental competence of human embryos. 相似文献
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Akinori Yamamoto Hiroko Akiyama Takuji Naokawa Yasuhiro Miyazaki Yusuke Honda Yukimasa Sano Yasuhiro Nakajima Kazuyuki Yagi 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2014,50(1):53-62
Lime-N (calcium cyanamide, CaCN2) acts as both fertilizer and pesticide. Lime-N may reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from soil, although its effectiveness and the relative mechanisms are not well understood. The aim of the study was to quantify the effect of lime-N on N2O emission from the acidic soil of tea fields. The study design consisted of two treatments: conventional fertilizer (CF) (application of conventional organo-chemical fertilizer) and lime-N (LN) (application of approximately 53 % of the applied N as lime-N and the remaining as conventional organo-chemical fertilizer). Both treatments had the same amount of N, P2O5, and K2O applied to soil between plant canopies; fertilizer was incorporated into soil. We measured N2O emissions and environmental and microbial parameters of soil between plant canopies and under the canopy of tea plants, including the concentrations of dicyandiamide and cyanamide derived from lime-N. Nitrous oxide emission from soil between plant canopies was lower in the LN treatment than in the CF treatment, and soil ammonium oxidation activity and soil denitrification rate decreased after lime-N application. We applied the acetylene inhibition technique and analyzed isotopomer ratios of N2O; the results of both techniques suggested that denitrification was the major process of N2O production in the soil between plant canopies, despite relatively low water-filled pore space. Cumulative N2O emission over the 366 days of the experiment was 36.0 % lower in the LN treatment than in the CF treatment (P?<?0.05). Our results suggest that lime-N application decreases N2O emission by inhibiting both nitrification and denitrification processes in the acidic soil. 相似文献