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181.
Takeo Tsuchihara Satoshi Ishida Masayuki Imaizumi Toshihiko Kawachi 《Paddy and Water Environment》2006,4(3):125-137
The hydro-environmental aspects of a small, endangered wetland (Totsuru wetland), located in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, are investigated, and the efficacy of a proposed engineering strategy for restoring the wetland is examined. Taking 222Rn as a target tracer and building a static 222Rn mass balance equation, the share of groundwater-genetic surface water in yielding the entire surface water in the wetland is appraised. The share is also appraised by using a different approach based on a non-static, site-specific water balance model. Both approaches yielded nearly the same percentage share, and therefore, it is concluded that 70% or more of the surface water entering the Totsuru swamp through the natural rivers is groundwater genetic. Using the water balance model, it is deduced that the reverse flow from the Uenbetsu drainage river is not less than 30% of the entire surface water flow entering the swamp, and therefore contributes considerably to mitigating the shrinkage of the swamp. Finally, through numerical experiments, it is shown that raising the water level of the Uenbetsu drainage river with a constructed weir to enhance the reverse flow is efficacious for restoring the wetland. 相似文献
182.
Ryuji Ishikawa Yuko Harata Yasunori Tuchimine Mineo Senda Shinji Akada Takeo Harada Minoru Niizeki 《Euphytica》1997,98(3):197-203
Two rice ecotypes, the so-called lowland and upland populations, which carry different isozyme genotypes mostly at a single
locus, are cultivated in Japan. The aim of this study was to examine the origin and the mechanism for keeping these genetic
differences. The upland population is cultivated in upland fields and carries a different allele for a particular isozyme
gene, Pgd-1, which has never been found in the lowland population. RFLP markers showed a weak trend for genetic differentiation
between the two ecotypes. On the other hand, morphological, and physiological traits showed marked differences between the
two ecotypes. Furthermore, based on the genotypic difference, two Japonica subgroups are defined in the upland population.
Subgroup I is the minor group and carries key lowland characters, including the genotype for PGD. Subgroup II carries different
traits and the genotype for PGD of the alternative subgroup. As an allelic difference for Pgd-1 is known to occur between
the two ecospecies, Tropical (Tr) and Temperate (Tm) Japonicas, upland cultivars can be classified by diagnostic characters
which distinguish a variety into Tr or Tm type. The upland population consists of three types of cultivars, Tr-, Tm- and intermediate-type.
In contrast, the lowland population consists of a uniform Tm type Japonicas. As Japanese upland cultivars still have an isozyme
allele specific to the Tr type, the upland population has a rather complex constitution which is presumably now being introgressed
by lowland genetic material, but still represents a major difference at some genetic levels. Upland rice carries several stress-resistant
genes which would be useful for lowland rice breeding. The genetic difference would be efficient for tagging upland specific
traits by upland specific genetic markers.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
183.
Takayuki Takebe Takeo Kurihara Nobuaki Suzuki Kentaro Ide Hideki Nikaido Yosuke Tanaka Satoshi Shiozawa Hitoshi Imaizumi Shukei Masuma Yoshitaka Sakakura 《Fisheries Science》2012,78(2):343-350
We conducted a rearing experiment on Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) larvae, which originated from one female broodstock, and determined
the growth history of the larvae to clarify when the growth difference occurs. We investigated the otolith microstructure
of the PBT larvae to examine the individual growth history and to predict the age and body size at the onset of individual
growth difference. Since total length (TL) of fish can be back-calculated from otolith radius, we back-calculated TLs of 100
fish of 19 days post hatch (dph) divided into three size groups (small, intermediate, large). Growth difference was recognized
from 3 dph (mouth opening), and the difference became larger thereafter. Growth of large-size fish was assumed to be promoted
by the feeding conditions of PBT larvae. 相似文献
184.
Megumi Igarashi Yoshimichi Hatsuyama Takeo Harada Tomoko Fukasawa-Akada 《Breeding Science》2016,66(1):18-33
Apple is a fruit crop of significant economic importance, and breeders world wide continue to develop novel cultivars with improved characteristics. The lengthy juvenile period and the large field space required to grow apple populations have imposed major limitations on breeding. Various molecular biological techniques have been employed to make apple breeding easier. Transgenic technology has facilitated the development of apples with resistance to fungal or bacterial diseases, improved fruit quality, or root stocks with better rooting or dwarfing ability. DNA markers for disease resistance (scab, powdery mildew, fire-blight, Alternaria blotch) and fruit skin color have also been developed, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) has been employed in breeding programs. In the last decade, genomic sequences and chromosome maps of various cultivars have become available, allowing the development of large SNP arrays, enabling efficient QTL mapping and genomic selection (GS). In recent years, new technologies for genetic improvement, such as trans-grafting, virus vectors, and genome-editing, have emerged. Using these techniques, no foreign genes are present in the final product, and some of them show considerable promise for application to apple breeding. 相似文献