我国农业领域的知识产权保护探讨

随着经济全球化的发展,知识产权已成为各国发展经济和参与国际竞争的关键因素之一。文章通过对我国农业领域知识产权保护现状及存在问题的分析,提出了提高农业领域知识产权保护的措施。     

变杆长/变扭角空间机构的位置分析

针对某些工程由于受机构固定构件的限制而难以完成的问题,给出了一种新型空间机构,该机构能够在工作中改变某个参数的运动规律而实现所需的特殊空间轨迹。利用向量回转法建立了该空间机构睁数学模型,调用Matlab函数分别对变杆长RRRSR—l2机构和变扭角RRRSR-α1,机构进行了位置分析,解出并利用绘图函数表达了两机构同一杆上同一点的轨迹曲线,并进行了分析比较。     

可控变杆长空间机构在农机部件工作轨迹上的设计与应用

根据实际需要给定的空间轨迹,设计某种空间连杆机构,使得该空间机构连杆上定点的运动轨迹逼近所给定的空间轨迹。该文采用了可控变杆长空间连杆机构来实现已知运动轨迹,该运动轨迹可应用到机械手拔秧插秧、果实采摘、枝苗嫁接等农业机械设计中,为实现空间复杂运动轨迹设计提供了理论研究基础,该方法可应用于机器人、机械手的轨迹规划。     

运动仿真系统中嵌入式计算机技术应用

设计了一种嵌入式运动仿真系统,通过该系统采集运动信号,以无线网络传送上位机并控制运动仿真器实现运动在线仿真。阐述了该嵌入式运动仿真系统的结构和特点、运动信号采集方法、嵌入式计算机与上位机通信方法及其应用软件设计方法。实验结果证明,所开发的嵌入式运动仿真系统的设计是可行的,其应用软件运行可靠。     

Youssoufenes A2 and A3, Antibiotic Dimeric Cinnamoyl Lipids from the ΔdtlA Mutant of a Marine-Derived Streptomyces Strain

Two new dimeric cinnamoyl lipids (CL) featuring with an unusual dearomatic carbon-bridge, named youssoufenes A2 (1) and A3 (2), were isolated from the ΔdtlA mutant strain of marine-derived Streptomyces youssoufiensis OUC6819. Structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated based on extensive MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by combination of the long-range NOE-based ¹H-¹H distance measurements and ECD calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate growth inhibition against multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis CCARM 5172 with an MIC value of 22.2 μM.     

降膜蒸发器噪声现场测试分析

通过对RNJM-03型三效降膜蒸发器噪声现场测试,结合文献、调研资料,进一步验证其噪声主要由气流在热压泵中的拉伐儿喷嘴处产生,提出利用马大猷教授的气流喷注噪声公式,将可能推导出适用于该设备的噪声经验公式的设想。     

应用纳米磁珠实时荧光定量PCR方法检测番茄黄化曲叶病毒

In order to develop a rapid, sensitive and specific qPCR assay for detection and quantification of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a pair of primers and TaqMan probe were designed according to the conserved sequence of known TYLCV isolates. Combining with MNP technique, a novel MNP-qPCR detection method was established and verified based on specificity, sensitivity and reproducibility tests. The results indicated that the Ct value of plotted standard curve showed good linear relationship(R² =0.9994)with the log of copy number of template. The established method showed a high specificity for TYLCV detection without crossing reaction with Tomato severe leaf curl virus and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sadinia virus, and was 10-fold more sensitive than routine PCR. Both coefficients of variation were less than 2%, indicating a good reproducibility. We have provided a novel method for detection of TYLCV in plant samples rapidly and quantitatively.     

12种杀虫剂对日本通草蛉不同虫态的毒力及安全性评价

为明确常见杀虫剂对日本通草蛉各虫态的影响,在室内分别采用浸渍法和喷雾法测定了12种(8类)杀虫剂对日本通草蛉卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的毒性,并评价了杀虫剂对日本通草蛉的毒性风险。结果表明,高效氯氰菊酯对日本通草蛉为极高风险,毒死蜱、吡虫啉、烯啶虫胺和阿维菌素为高风险,溴氰虫酰胺、啶虫脒和氯虫苯甲酰胺为中等风险,噻嗪酮、吡蚜酮、螺虫乙酯和甲氧虫酰肼为低风险;与其他虫态相比,12种杀虫剂对日本通草蛉蛹的毒性均为最低。在害虫生物防治及综合治理中应尽量选用对日本通草蛉毒性低的杀虫剂,以起到保护天敌的作用。     

Synthesis and insecticidal activities of pyridine ring derivatives of podophyllotoxin

In an attempt to find the biorational pesticides, we synthesized 12 pyridinyl derivatives of podophyllotoxin (PPT) and 4′-demthylepipodophylltoxin (4′-DMEP) in this study. Their structures and the α/β substitution at C-4 were confirmed by ¹H NMR, IR, MS spectral analyses and elemental analysis. The insecticidal activities were tested against fifth-instar larvae of Pieris rapae and the third-instar larvae of Cullex pipiens pallens at concentrations of 250 and 10 μg ml⁻¹. Four derivatives of PPT, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 4.5, showed higher insecticidal activities against P. rapae than PPT, while three derivatives of PPT, 4.4, 4.5 and 4.6, displayed higher mosquito larvicidal activity than PPT, with LC₅₀ values of 1.66, 3.96 and 1.54 mg l⁻¹, respectively. Interestingly, we also found that the pyridine ring derivatives of PPT showed delayed insecticidal activity, which is different from traditional neurotic insecticides. The results suggest that 4′-OCH₃ in the PPT derivatives is essential to keep the insecticidal activity and the insecticidal activities of pyridine ring derivatives of PPT are higher than that of the derivatives of 4′-DMEP, supporting PPT has the potential to be a lead structure of semi-synthetic insecticides.     

烟草丛顶病毒RNA依赖RNA聚合酶(RdRp)介导的体外复制体系

通过重叠PCR扩增得到烟草丛顶病毒(Tobacco bushy top virus,TBTV)中国分离物RdRp的编码序列,构建以pMALC2X为基础载体的原核表达载体pMAL-TB-RdRp。0.5 mM IPTG诱导可特异性表达分子量约为120 kDa的MBP-RdRp融合蛋白。温度梯度实验显示,18℃下诱导表达的MBP-RdRp融合蛋白的可溶性比例较高,约17%;经亲和层析纯化的MBPRdRp可特异性识别TBTV正链和负链的3'末端序列,催化体外复制;对正负链的3'末端的体外复制效率存在差别,识别负链3'末端的体外复制效率明显高于正链3'末端。本研究创建的TBTV RdRp介导的体外复制体系为进一步研究TBTV基因组复制调控奠定了基础。