Morphological relationship between intercalated duct and pancreatic islet in streptozotocin and/or camostat mesilate administrations in the chicken

Present electron microscopical and immunocytochemistrical studies elucidated some morphological relationship between intercalated duct (ICD) and pancreatic islet cells in the chicken in streptozotocin (STZ) and/or camostat mesilate (CM) administrations. Twenty-one chickens were set into four experimental groups: (1) control group, (2) STZ administration group, (3) CM administration group, and (4) STZ + CM administration group. Cytoplasms of ICD cells stained more strongly with eosin in STZ administration group than other groups, and electron-dense materials and intercalated processes between ICD and islet cells were also increasing in time dependence in STZ administration. Number of pancreatic islet in STZ + CM co-administration was about 3.1 times larger than other groups. Many small sized cells were detected at surrounding area of ICD and they incorporated 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine better than other experimental groups. Present morphological data suggested that ICD cells might support some tolerances of pancreatic endocrine cells against toxic substances and also involve in regeneration of new pancreatic islet cells in STZ + CM co-administration.     

阿魏酸酯酶处理对羊草、玉米秸、稻秸及麦秸瘤胃体外发酵特性的影响

为了分析评价阿魏酸酯酶在瘤胃微生物降解利用秸秆等木质纤维性饲料中的功效,本研究采用短期人工瘤胃体外发酵试验,结合发酵产气自动记录技术,研究了在羊草、玉米秸、稻秸及麦秸4种不同粗饲料中添加2%比例阿魏酸酯酶39℃预处理16 h后对72 h瘤胃微生物发酵的影响.结果表明,加酶前后干物质消失率差异不显著(P>0.05);在添加阿魏酸酯酶后,总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)产生量由高至低依次为羊草、稻秸,玉米秸、麦秸;与对照组相比,添加阿魏酸酯酶后TVFA增幅由高至低依次为麦秸(+13.9%)、玉米秸(+13.6%)、羊草(+7.6%)、稻秸(+3.0%)(P<0.05).此外,添加阿魏酸酯酶亦可显著提高羊草和麦秸的体外发酵产气量(42.2%和16.6%),麦秸体外发酵产气速率提高37.5%(P<0.05).用阿魏酸酯酶预处理农作物秸秆等粗饲料,可促进瘤胃微生物对饲料细胞壁的降解,为今后进一步通过开展动物饲养试验来研究和开发酯酶的饲用价值提供了实践指导依据.     

苜蓿种质资源对锈病的抗性研究

为获得优良苜蓿(Medicago)抗锈病种质,在实验室条件下,用喷洒夏孢子悬浮液的方法对国内外85份(国内54份、国外31份)苜蓿种质材料进行人工接种,并根据病情指数对其苗期抗锈性进行筛选和评价。结果表明:不同苜蓿种质材料间对苜蓿锈病的抗病性存在较大差异,病情指数变化范围在29.25%~70.65%;没有对苜蓿锈病免疫的种质;丹麦的‘庞迪苜蓿’抗锈性最强;中抗材料10份,其中国内4份,国外6份;中感材料55份;高感材料19份,其中感锈性最强的是‘陇东’天蓝苜蓿。从46份苜蓿种质材料中筛选出了过敏反应型抗锈单株,不同种质中抗锈单株的过敏反应等级不同。     

红曲霉对干酪成熟过程中理化性质、微观结构及风味物质的影响

以牛乳为原料,红曲霉为辅助发酵剂,制备霉菌成熟干酪,并对红曲霉干酪的理化性质、游离氨基酸、微观结构及挥发性风味物质进行研究。结果表明：使用红曲霉作为辅助发酵剂加工的干酪得率16.55%、蛋白质含量18.03%、脂肪含量33.40%、钙含量376.67 mg/100 g、水分含量44.47%、盐含量863.67 mg/100 g;在成熟过程中,pH值呈先下降后上升再逐渐稳定的趋势;由微观结构可知,红曲霉对成熟干酪内部结构影响显著;通过高效液相色谱法及气相色谱-质谱联用法,共鉴定出23 种游离氨基酸及32 种挥发性化合物,与对照组相比,在成熟期结束时,实验组干酪中的游离氨基酸含量显著提高,平均增加58.8 倍,挥发性化合物的种类与含量也存在显著变化。     

2000-2014年宁夏草地蒸散时空特征及演变规律

蒸散是水文-生态过程耦合的纽带,对草地生态系统的稳定性十分重要,研究生态环境脆弱地区草地生态系统蒸散变化特征对于区域农牧业发展、生态恢复与重建和构建生态屏障意义明显。基于2000-2014年MOD16地表蒸散数据,利用回归分析、相关分析和重新标度极差分析等方法,研究了宁夏草地近15年的蒸散时空分布格局与演变规律,并讨论了可能影响因素。结果表明,2000-2014年,宁夏草地蒸散量介于177.51~274.43 mm,平均值为228.03 mm;受降水的年际波动影响,全区草地蒸散量在近15年呈不显著的上升趋势(P>0.05),不同类型草地的年蒸散量和月蒸散变化动态差异明显;从空间上来看,宁夏草地的多年平均蒸散量存在较强的空间异质性,呈现南高北低的分布格局,北部最低为135.84 mm,南部最高可达732.12 mm,但波动性不强;近15年,宁夏北部草地的蒸散以下降为主,降幅自北向南递减,中部和南部以上升为主,增幅自北向南递增,但大部分区域的蒸散变化幅度较小,总体变化不显著;未来,全区草地蒸散的正向特征显著,趋势发生反转的草地比例较小;降水量是决定全区草地蒸散空间分布格局和年际波动的主要因素,人类生产活动主导的土地利用类型变化对局部蒸散的影响不容忽视。     

Dietary Supplementation with Microencapsulated Lutein Improves Yolk Color and Lutein Content in Fresh and Cooked Eggs of Laying Hens

This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of diet supplemented with non-microencapsulated lutein (NL) and microencapsulated lutein (ML) in laying hens. A total of 270 Hy-line Brown laying hens (54 weeks old) were allocated to three groups with six replicates of 15 hens and were adapted to a wheat-soybean meal basal diet for two weeks. Next, the control birds were fed the basal diet, and the test birds were fed the basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg NL (12 mg/kg available lutein) or 90.1 mg/kg ML (10 mg/kg available lutein) for 35 days. Supplementation of lutein did not affect the productive performance of laying hens, but improved (P<0.05) the yolk color and red/green value (a*), with eggs from the ML group displaying improved color and a* values from the 15^th day of the experimental period. The blue/yellow value (b*) for the yolk showed an increase (P<0.05) through both NL and ML supplements. The yolk color of fried and boiled eggs and a* value of the yolk in fried eggs were improved (P<0.05) only through ML supplemented diet. Both NL and ML supplements resulted in lower (P<0.05) lightness and higher (P<0.05) a* values of yolk in boiled eggs, as well as higher (P<0.05) b* values in fried and boiled eggs. Yolk lutein content in fresh, fried, and boiled eggs was increased (P<0.05) in NL and ML groups with the latter being higher. In conclusion, ML improved yolk pigmentation and lutein retention in laying hens better than NL.     

肾型传染性支气管炎病毒对鸡嘌呤代谢的影响研究

用T株肾型传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)人工感染14日龄非免疫土种鸡建立感染模型,于攻毒前、攻毒后48 h、72 h、96 h、120 h 采集血样,测定血浆黄嘌呤氧化酶(xanthine oxidase, XOD)活性,探索鸡嘌呤代谢变化与肾型IBV致病机理之间的关系.结果表明,与攻毒前相比较, 攻毒后48 h和72 h血浆XOD活性明显增强, 差异显著(P<0.01,P<0.05).结果提示,XOD活性升高引起的嘌呤代谢紊乱可能是鸡肾型IB的病理机制之一.     

A Droplet Digital PCR Method for Detection of Newcastle Disease Virus

This experiment was conducted to establish a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method for the detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV). A ddPCR method was developed, which the primers and probes were designed based on the conservative regions of F gene of NDV. The concentration of primer and probe, the annealing temperature in ddPCR reaction were optimized. The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of ddPCR method were evaluated. In results, the optimal primer concentration and the probe concentration were 900 and 250 nmol·L^-1, the optimum annealing temperature was 55℃. The detection limit of ddPCR method was 1.8 copies·μL^-1 with a good linear response, it had no cross reaction with other six viruses (include IBV), the coefficient of variation of sample repetition was 2.4%. All the results showed that NDV ddPCR was sensitive and specific, it was suitable for quantitative detection of clinical samples infected with NDV.     

克氏原螯虾在安康地区三种养殖条件下生长情况的比较

为了引进和推广克氏原螯虾养殖技术,于2007年9月、10月分别从湖北购入亲虾和幼虾在安康水产试验示范站进行水泥池、稻田和土池塘三种条件下养殖;于2008年5月每周或半周测量一次体长体重,分别进行体长体重关系、个体出现率、个体相对增重率和体重体长比值的分析。结果表明：1.稻田克氏原螯虾体长体重的关系为：雌虾,y=0.0184x3.1984,R2=0.9506,雄虾,y=0.0113x3.4626,R2=0.9611,且雌虾生长匀速,雄虾生长异速,符合体重体长形态参数y=a＊Lb;2根据个体出现率可知,水泥池和稻田生长的群体主要集中7.71cm-9.71cm之间,土池塘生长的群体主要集中在8.21cm-10.71cm之间,土池塘生长速度相对较快;根据生长集中区间的个体相对增重率可知,5月份稻田个体增重率最高,为24.13%,土池塘最低;体重、体长比值随着体长的变化趋势表明,稻田虾呈线性变化,水泥池和土池塘虾变化呈“S”型,趋向线性变化。可以认为,克氏原螯虾可在安康地区正常生长,且本试验条件下5月份稻田中克氏原螯虾生长最快。     

秦岭野生草坪植物一羊茅的引种驯化

通过对秦岭野生草坪植物一羊茅两个生态型(变种)的引种试验观察,初步发现它们具有绿期长、抗逆性强、繁殖能力强、抗杂草病害等特点,为具有开发前景的优良冷季型草坪植物.