Change features of time-series climate variables from 1962 to 2016 in Inner Mongolia,China

Detecting change features of climate variables in arid/semi-arid areas is essential for understanding related climate change patterns and the driving and evolution mechanism between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems.This paper takes Inner Mongolia of China,a unique arid/semi-arid ecosystem,as the study area.We first detected trend features of climate variables using the linear trend analysis method and then detected their trend-shift features using the breaks for additive seasonal and trend method based on the time-series of monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature datasets from 1962 to 2016.We analyzed the different change features of precipitation and temperature on a regional scale and in different ecological zones to discover the spatial heterogeneity of change features.The results showed that Inner Mongolia has become warmer-wetter during the past 54 years.The regional annual mean temperature increased 0.4°C per decade with a change rate of 56.2%.The regional annual precipitation increased 0.07 mm per decade with a slightly change rate of about 1.7%,but the trend was not statistically significant.The warmer trend was contributed by the same positive trend in each season,while the wetter trend was contributed by the negative trend of the summer precipitation and the positive trend of the other three seasons.The regional monthly precipitation series had a trend-shift pattern with a structural breakpoint in the year 1999,while the regional monthly mean temperature series showed an increasing trend without a periodical trend-shift.After the year 2000,the warmer-wetter trend of the climate in Inner Mongolia was accelerated.The late 20th century was a key period,because the acceleration of the wetter trend in some local zones(I and II)and the alleviation of the warmer trend in some local zones(Ⅶ,Ⅷand IX)occurred simultaneously.Moreover,the change features had a strong spatial heterogeneity,the southeastern and southwestern of Inner Mongolia went through a warmer-drier trend compared with the other areas.The spatio-temporal heterogeneity of the climate change features is a necessary background for various types of research,such as regional climate change,the evolution of arid/semi-arid ecosystems,and the interaction mechanisms between climate and arid/semi-arid ecosystems based on earth-system models in Inner Mongolia.     

铁皮石斛指纹图谱及生物活性成分研究进展

铁皮石斛(Dendrobium officinal Kimura et Migo)兼具药用价值,不仅含有人体必需氨基酸,还含有多糖、黄酮类、生物碱等活性成分,具有降血压、降血糖、抗肿瘤等功效。但石斛属植物来源众多、成分差异较大,给铁皮石斛的鉴别带来困难,利用指纹图谱技术标记特征物质可以对其鉴别及品质评价提供一定的理论依据。另外,国内外学者已从铁皮石斛中分离鉴定出多糖、黄酮类、生物碱等多种生物活性成分,证实了这些成分的药效并推断其生理作用机制。从多角度总结了近几年铁皮石斛指纹图谱、生物活性成分及作用机制的研究进展情况,以期为铁皮石斛的鉴定及药物开发研究提供一定的科学依据。     

激素和热水处理对姜荷花种子发芽的影响

【目的】以姜荷花杂交种子为研究对象,通过不同浸种处理试验,打破姜荷花种子休眠,缩短姜荷花育种周期。【方法】利用激素、热水组合处理的方式,设置不同的浓度和浸种时间,以清水为对照,在 28 ℃条件下采用培养皿滤纸法催芽 60 d,统计发芽势和发芽率。【结果】与对照相比,外源激素和热水处理均能有效打破姜荷花种子休眠,使其提前 1 个月开始发芽。外源激素浸种试验中,400 mg/L GA3 浸种处理效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别为 29.3%、50.7%;80 ℃热水浸种 5 min 效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别为 10.3%、17%,但部分种子出现烫死现象;在组合浸种处理试验中,60 ℃热水浸种 10 min + 400 mg/L GA3 浸种 24 h 为最佳的处理组合,发芽势为 40.7%,播种 60 d 发芽率达到 64.3%。【结论】激素和热水组合处理对姜荷花种子解除休眠的效果显著优于其他处理,浸种后种子发芽提前,出苗更加整齐,适合育种实践中推广应用。     

油桐的生产现状及其发展建议

油桐是原产我国的世界著名的工业油料树种。油桐在我国16个省、市、自治区有栽培分布,栽培分布范围广,品种资源丰富,结实早,产量高。简单介绍了油桐的资源分布、栽培与利用及其栽培的优势,并提出把油桐生产列入国家生物质能源发展的范畴、把油桐生产列入“十一五”规划项目、开展油桐作为生物柴油使用的试验研究、恢复原来的油桐研究会、迅速搜集保存油桐种质资源等建议。     

不同大豆品种籽粒体积、含水量、脂肪和蛋白质积累动态分析

采用来自辽宁、吉林、黑龙江三地的成熟期不同的三个大豆品种,研究其品种间籽粒体积积累、含水量变化、脂肪和蛋白质的积累动态以及各个过程的关系并比较出各品种间的异同.结果是:在籽粒从开始鼓粒到成熟期间各品种籽粒体积都是先鼓胀到一个最高值然后迅速回落.此期间的籽粒含水量都一直在下降,从开始鼓粒到体积最大期间含水量下降缓慢,而在体积达最大值后到成熟期间含水量下降迅速,很快接近稳定值.各品种脂肪积累总体上是先稳定上升,在接近成熟时略有下降.蛋白质的积累同样是缓慢上升至接近成熟时稳中有降.各品种在这四个指标积累过程中除含水量变化曲线基本无明显差别外,另三个指标变化曲线都有一些各自的特点.四个指标总体平均数之间的相关系数各不相同.     

稻瘟病菌F-box蛋白MoFbr7生物学功能分析

F-box蛋白在泛素-蛋白酶体途径(ubiquitin-proteasome pathway,UPP)中参与调控胞内蛋白降解、受体识别、信号传导等生物学过程。本研究从稻瘟病菌中克隆了F-box基因MoFbr7,序列分析表明,该基因编码产物具有1个F-box结构域(N-端)和8个连续的WD40重复序列(C-端),在丝状真菌中高度保守。利用基因敲除方法,获得4个MoFbr7基因敲除突变体,同时构建了回补菌株。表型分析结果显示,MoFbr7基因缺失突变体在产孢量、附着胞形态、原生质体释放、致病性等方面均无异常。突变体在MM、RDC培养基上生长速率下降;对细胞壁胁迫因子CFW(Calcofluor white)、刚果红敏感。以上结果表明MoFbr7参与稻瘟病菌的营养生长与细胞壁完整性,为进一步揭示其生物学功能奠定基础。     

基于线粒体16S rRNA基因序列的中日朝菲律宾蛤仔野生群体遗传多样性分析

为了解中国菲律宾蛤仔Ruditapes philippinarum野生苗种产区的群体和潜在可作修复用途的日本、朝鲜群体的种质遗传基础,以中国山东莱州(LZ)、广西北海(BH)、辽宁营口(YK)、天津(TJ)4个野生群体,以及日本北海道(JH)和朝鲜新义州(NKS)野生群体(各10个)为材料,通过线粒体16SrRNA基因...     

邻苯二甲酰基DL-脯氨酸二肽的合成

以DL-脯氨酸为出发物,合成了一个含有两个DL-脯氨酸残基的分子内电子给-受体系,其结构经元素分析,质谱,核磁共振表征.     

燃料乙醇发酵技术研究进展

世界能源安全正面临挑战.清洁的可再生能源生物质燃料乙醇的发展越来越被重视.从生产原料、酶与微生物、技术和工艺等方面,概述了燃料乙醇发酵技术的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究方向.