不同处理方法对小松菜冻藏期保鲜品质的影响

以新鲜小松菜为试材,采用小苏打复合液、乙酸锌复合液2种不同保绿途径对其冻藏前进行烫漂处理,并对小松菜钙、钠、锌元素含量进行测定,比较了2种不同前处理消解方法精确性,研究了不同处理方法对冻藏期小松菜相关品质指标的影响。结果表明:2种保绿途径均显著延缓了小松菜总叶绿素含量的损失(P0.05),不同程度增加了样品中钙、钠、锌离子含量,其中金属离子保绿途径的乙酸锌复合液处理样品的锌离子残留量超标,相比而言,碱保绿途径的小苏打复合液处理对冻藏期小松菜相关元素残留安全性及护绿效果较好,处理时应避免长时间、高温烫漂对产品硬脆度的破坏而抵消复合液中钙离子的保脆效应。     

不同施肥种类对“巨玫”葡萄品质的影响

以5年生"巨玫"葡萄为试材,采取有机肥(芝麻饼肥、发酵鸡粪)与化肥(硫酸钾、尿素、磷酸二胺)配施,分别以基肥和追肥的方式对"巨玫"葡萄进行施入,研究了不同有机肥种类与化肥配施及不同施肥方式对"巨玫"葡萄浆果品质的影响。结果表明:各有机肥与化肥配施处理中,以芝麻饼肥与化肥生长期追施处理"巨玫"葡萄浆果品质最佳,总糖含量18.39%、糖酸比44.65,在所有处理中最高,较常规施肥分别提高3.26%、6.54%,可溶性固形物含量19.02%、维生素C含量2.05mg/100g,较常规施肥分别提高3.76%、16.38%。     

LED连续光和不同频率间歇光对黄瓜幼苗生长及光合特性的影响

以"津优1号"黄瓜为试材,采用单因素方差分析方法,研究了LED光源不同发光频率对植物幼苗生长发育和光合的影响,以期获得最适宜黄瓜幼苗生长的频率和占空比组合,实现节约能源和优质高产的目标。试验设置连续光(CK)和发光频率分别是0.1 Hz(T1)、100Hz(T2)、100 000Hz(T3)的间歇光共4个处理作为黄瓜生长光源,每个处理3次重复。结果表明:频率越低,黄瓜幼苗的株高和茎叶鲜质量均显著大于对照;频率越高,黄瓜幼苗的茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量、暗适应下PSII的最大量子产量均显著大于对照。不同频率的间歇光在一定程度上对黄瓜幼苗的生长和光合作用起促进作用。较低频率的间歇光可能有助于增加黄瓜幼苗干物质的积累量、植株生长率和增强植株的健壮程度;较高频率的间歇光可能有助于黄瓜幼苗的植株形态向有利于光合作用的方向发展。     

不同行道树降温增湿及滞尘效应

以海南热带海洋学院(三亚校区)校园行道树优势树种高山榕、大叶相思、印度胶树、菩提树、非洲楝、火焰木、马占相思、香樟、鸭脚木、小叶榄仁、垂叶榕、隆缘桉为研究对象,比较了乔木绿化树种的降温增湿和滞尘能力。结果表明:在相同环境生长的种龄相当的树种,降温增湿效应不同,高山榕、大叶相思、印度胶树的降温增湿能力最好;降温增湿效应比较差的是隆缘桉、小叶榄仁和垂叶榕。不同树种的滞尘能力也有差异,其中滞尘能力较强的乔木树种是火焰木、菩提树、高山榕和印度胶树。该研究结果对校园绿化和城市行道树的规划选择都具有一定的参考价值。     

不同颜色色板对脐橙果园昆虫的诱集效果

以脐橙果园内昆虫为调查对象,于2014年12月至2015年11月使用紫色、灰色、粉色、蓝色、青色、绿色、黄色、红色、白色和黑色等10种不同颜色的色板对脐橙果园内的昆虫进行诱集,研究了脐橙果园内昆虫群落的组成以及昆虫对不同颜色的趋向性。结果表明:10种颜色色板在脐橙果园内诱集的昆虫有10目48科54种,其中双翅目昆虫诱集数量最多,达到诱虫总数的94.81%;不同颜色色板对脐橙果园昆虫的诱集效果不同,黄色色板诱集的昆虫数量最多,其次是青色和绿色的色板,即波长450~597nm诱虫效果好;粉虱类昆虫更趋向于黄板,而实蝇类昆虫则趋向于青板和绿板;不同月份色板诱集的昆虫个体数存在明显差异。     

Theory of mind is independent of episodic memory

Theory of mind (ToM) to infer other people's current mental states and episodic memory of personal happenings have been assumed to be closely related. We report two participants with severely impaired episodic memory who perform indistinguishably from healthy controls on objective ToM tests. These results suggest that ToM can function independently of episodic memory.     

Expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in naturally occurring squamous cell carcinomas in horses

OBJECTIVE: To assess expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 in naturally occurring squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and the analogous normal tissues in horses. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissue samples collected from 3 conjunctival, 2 vulvar, 4 preputial, and 5 penile SCCs during surgical excision in 14 horses and from corresponding body regions (conjunctiva [n = 5 horses], vulva [2], prepuce [3], and penis [3]) in 5 horses euthanized for reasons unrelated to neoplasia. PROCEDURES: Tissue samples were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees C until analysis. Protein was extracted from the frozen tissues, and western blot analyses were performed. Nonneoplastic and abnormal tissues from each body region were run on the same blot, and blots were run in triplicate. Molecular-weight markers and COX-1 and 2 ovine standards (positive control samples) were run concurrently on the gels; negative control samples were not used. RESULTS: All tissues, including the nonneoplastic and SCC tissues, expressed both COX-1 and -2 proteins. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results indicated that the expression of COX proteins in both nonneoplastic and SCC-affected tissues in horses is markedly different from that in other species. The reason for the potential benefit of COX-2 inhibitors in horses and other species is unknown. Further research needs to be performed to evaluate the efficacy of COX-2 inhibitors as cancer treatments in horses. Investigation of the mechanisms of tumor development in horses should be performed to increase understanding of this disease and ascertain how the mechanisms differ from those in other animals.     

Development and psychometric testing of an instrument designed to measure chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis

OBJECTIVE: To develop and psychometrically test an owner self-administered questionnaire designed to assess severity and impact of chronic pain in dogs with osteoarthritis. SAMPLE POPULATION: 70 owners of dogs with osteoarthritis and 50 owners of clinically normal dogs. PROCEDURES: Standard methods for the stepwise development and testing of instruments designed to assess subjective states were used. Items were generated through focus groups and an expert panel. Items were tested for readability and ambiguity, and poorly performing items were removed. The reduced set of items was subjected to factor analysis, reliability testing, and validity testing. RESULTS: Severity of pain and interference with function were 2 factors identified and named on the basis of the items contained in them. Cronbach's alpha was 0.93 and 0.89, respectively, suggesting that the items in each factor could be assessed as a group to compute factor scores (ie, severity score and interference score). The test-retest analysis revealed kappa values of 0.75 for the severity score and 0.81 for the interference score. Scores correlated moderately well (r = 0.51 and 0.50, respectively) with the overall quality-of-life (QOL) question, such that as severity and interference scores increased, QOL decreased. Clinically normal dogs had significantly lower severity and interference scores than dogs with osteoarthritis. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A psychometrically sound instrument was developed. Responsiveness testing must be conducted to determine whether the questionnaire will be useful in reliably obtaining quantifiable assessments from owners regarding the severity and impact of chronic pain and its treatment on dogs with osteoarthritis.     

Effects of the cyclooxygenase inhibitor meloxicam on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of meloxicam and flunixin meglumine on recovery of ischemia-injured equine jejunum. ANIMALS: 18 horses. PROCEDURES: Horses received butorphanol tartrate; were treated IV with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (SS; 12 mL; n = 6), flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg; 6), or meloxicam (0.6 mg/kg; 6) 1 hour before ischemia was induced for 2 hours in a portion of jejunum; and were allowed to recover for 18 hours. Flunixin and SS treatments were repeated after 12 hours; all 3 treatments were administered immediately prior to euthanasia. Selected clinical variables, postoperative pain scores, and meloxicam pharmacokinetic data were evaluated. After euthanasia, assessment of epithelial barrier function, histologic evaluation, and western blot analysis of ischemia-injured and control jejunal mucosa samples from the 3 groups were performed. RESULTS: Meloxicam- or flunixin-treated horses had improved postoperative pain scores and clinical variables, compared with SS-treated horses. Recovery of transepithelial barrier function in ischemia-injured jejunum was inhibited by flunixin but permitted similarly by meloxicam and SS treatments. Eighteen hours after cessation of ischemia, numbers of neutrophils in ischemia-injured tissue were higher in horses treated with meloxicam or flunixin than SS. Plasma meloxicam concentrations were similar to those reported previously, but clearance was slower. Changes in expression of proteins associated with inflammatory responses to ischemic injury and with different drug treatments occurred, suggesting cyclooxygenase-independent effects. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although further assessment is needed, these data have suggested that IV administration of meloxicam may be a useful alternative to flunixin meglumine for postoperative treatment of horses with colic.