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21.
A. S. Khehra B. S. Dhillon N. S. Nalhi S. S. Pal V. K. Saxena V. V. Malhotra 《Euphytica》1986,35(3):817-822
Summary Reciprocal recurrent selection was carried out with two populations of maize (Zea mays L.) having good combining ability. We selected for higher grain yield, early maturity, shorter plant height and lodging resistance. Two cycles were completed in two years (four seasons), by resorting to late planting of S1 lines for recombination in the main season in which top-cross families were assessed. Top-crosses and selfings were made in the off-season. The original and improved versions of the populations and their crosses were evaluated in multilocation trials. The superiority of the population hybrid was 10.3% for grain yield, 5.5% for plant height and 1.8 days to silk. The improved hybrid had delayed leaf senescence and better resistance to lodging and post-flowering stalk rots. Among the yield components, only ear girth showed improvement. Syn 2 of the improved population cross showed a yield reduction of 6.2% in comparison to Syn 1. Intrapopulation gains were not significant except for lodging resistance in one population. 相似文献
22.
Summary Sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata (Rondani) is an important pest of sorghum in Asia, Africa, and Mediterranean Europe, and host plant resistance is an important
component for the management of this pest. The levels of resistance in the cultivated germplasm are low to moderate, and therefore,
it is important to identify genotypes with different mechanisms of resistance to pyramid the resistance genes. We studied
the antixenosis for oviposition, antibiosis, and tolerance components of resistance in a diverse array of shoot fly-resistant
and -susceptible genotypes. The main plants and tillers of SFCR 151, ICSV 705, SFCR 125, and, IS 18551 experienced lower shoot
fly deadhearts at 28 days after seedling emergence, produced more number of productive tillers. The insects fed on these genotypes
also exhibited longer larval period (10.1–11.0 days compared to 9.3 days on Swarna), lower larval survival and adult emergence
(54.7–67.8 and 46.7–52.2% compared to 73.3 and 60.6% on Swarna, respectively), and lower growth and adult emergence indices
as compared to the susceptible check, Swarna. Physico-chemical traits such as leaf glossiness, trichome density, and plumule
and leaf sheath pigmentation were found to be associated with resistance, and chlorophyll content, leaf surface wetness, seedling
vigor, and waxy bloom with susceptibility to shoot fly and explained 88.5% of the total variation in deadhearts. Step-wise
regression indicated that 90.4% of the total variation in deadhearts was due to leaf glossiness and trichome density. The
direct and indirect effects, correlation coefficients, multiple and step-wise regression analysis suggested that deadhearts,
plants with eggs, leaf glossiness, trichomes on the abaxial surface of the leaf, and leaf sheath pigmentation can be used
as marker traits to select for resistance to shoot fly, A. soccata in sorghum. 相似文献
23.
M.?K.?Dhillon H.?C.?SharmaEmail author B.?V.?S.?Reddy Ram?Singh J.?S.?Naresh Zhu?Kai 《Euphytica》2005,144(3):275-283
Summary The shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the most effective components for managing this pest.
Most of the hybrids grown in India based on milo cytoplasm (A1 cytoplasm) are highly susceptible to shoot fly. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate different male-sterile
cytoplasms (CMS) for their relative susceptibility to sorghum shoot fly. Oviposition and deadheart formation were significantly
lower on the maintainer lines as compared to the corresponding male-sterile lines. Among the cytoplasms tested, A4M cytoplasm showed antixenosis for oviposition and suffered lower deadheart formation than the other cytoplasms tested. The
A4G1 and A4M cytoplasms suffered lower deadhearts in tillers than the other cytoplasms. Recovery following shoot fly damage in A4M, A3, and A2 cytoplasms was better than in the other cytoplasms tested. The larval and pupal periods were longer and male and female pupal
weights lower in A4M and A4VzM CMS backgrounds compared to the other CMS systems. Fecundity and antibiosis indices on CMS lines were lower than on the
B-lines. The A4M cytoplasm was found to be relatively resistant to sorghum shoot fly, and can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant
hybrids for sustainable crop production in future. 相似文献
24.
R.G. Saini M. Kaur B. Singh Shiwani Sharma G.S. Nanda S.K. Nayar A.K. Gupta S. Nagarajan 《Euphytica》2002,124(3):365-370
The genetic bases of leaf rust resistance in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) line CSP44, selected from the Australian cultivar Condor, and Indian cultivar VL404, were studied. The reaction patterns
of CSP44 and VL404 against Indian races 12, 77, 77-1, 77-2, 77-3, 77-4, 77-5 and 108 were different from reaction patterns
shown by near-isogenic lines with known adult plant resistance (APR) genes, viz. Lr12, Lr13, Lr22b and Lr34. Although the reaction patterns of CSP44 and VL404 were similar to the near-isogenic line Tc+Lr22a, tests of allelism indicated absence of Lr22a in both CSP44 and VL404. On the basis of genetic studies, their resistances in field tests against race 77-5, the most virulent
race from the Indian sub-continent, were each ascribed to two genes. One of the two genes in each wheat was identified to
be the non-hypersensitive APR gene Lr34. The second APR genes in CSP44 and VL404 gave hypersensitive reaction types and were recessive and dominant, respectively.
The gene in CSP44 was designated Lr48and the gene in VL404, Lr49.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
25.
Is air-drying of soil samples an appropriate step in determining plant available potassium for corn?
Manbir Kaur Rakkar David Franzen Amitava Chatterjee 《Journal of plant nutrition》2016,39(13):1979-1988
Potassium (K) fertilizer recommendations are mainly based on air -dried soil samples which can lead to over- or under-estimation of plant available soil K. Three on-farm trials were conducted in North Dakota and Minnesota to determine the variation of soil test-K between air-dried (KDry) and field moist (KMoist) soil samples. The differences between KDry and KMoist decreased exponentially as soil K increased, but increased linearly with increasing soil moisture. Soil drying influenced the plant available soil K-test value, producing higher K values compared to the moist soil K. It is unclear based on these initial experiments which method might produce a more predictable K critical value to aid in directing K application for corn in this region. 相似文献
26.
Studies on reproductive biology are difficult but useful in species like Aegle marmelos (Linn.) Correa which is of considerable socio-economic importance and possess morphogenetic variation and qualities of wider
adaptability to different soils. Cytology, phenology, pollination, breeding system and natural regeneration of wild and cultivated
trees from India revealed the existence of diploid (2n = 18) and tetraploid trees (2n = 36) in Pachmarhi hills and only diploid
trees in Punjab plains and Shiwalik hills. The diploid and tetraploid trees showed normal meiosis and high pollen fertility.
Phenological events which included leaf fall, leaf emergence, floral bud break, flowering and fruiting are nearly the same
in wild and cultivated trees. Natural pollen transfer in the species was highly efficient. Levels of fruit set following open
pollination was quite high and is reduced considerably following hand pollination probably due to some injury caused to stigma
during experiments. Inspite of synchronous nature of anther dehiscence and stigmatic receptivity, selfing in a flower was
avoided due to herkogamy. Some selfing, however, occurred through geitonogamous mode as bagging of panicles yielded 12.21 ± 0.99
to 14.12 ± 0.91% fruit set. High pollen ovule ratio (9,250–10,600) indicated toward the obligate outbreeding nature. The species
suited to insect and wind mode of pollination. High amount of air borne pollen grains deposited on glycerine smeared glass
microscopic slides suggested towards the wind mode of pollination. Though flowers are dull coloured a variety of insects visited
the flowers due to sweet fragrance and stamen/pollen as food reward. Among insect pollinators, honey bee (Apis dorsata) was the major and legitimate pollinator while the rest were either minor pollinators or mere visitors. Inspite of high fruit/seed
set, natural regeneration through seeds was poor as fallen fruits were destroyed by fungal pathogens and white ants. The species
also propagated vegetatively through coppices and root suckers. It lacks agamospermy as bagging of emasculated flowers yielded
no fruit. It is inferred that ‘bael’ which lacks agamospermy reproduced successfully through gamospermy (xenogamy and geitonogamy)
and vegetative mode (coppices and root suckers). We also concluded that tetraploid trees growing in the Pachmarhi hills with
large sized fruits possessed better potentialities in horticulture if planted through root suckers or coppices. 相似文献
27.
Laboratory studies were conducted to investigate the nature of chemical equilibria of zinc in some acid soils of Himachal Pradesh (India). The results indicated that one of the chemical reactions controlling zinc ion activity in the ambient soil solution may be represented by the equation: Sequential extraction of 65Zn-equilibrated soils provided a measure of the intensity of its different forms and their relative contribution to the pool of potentially available zinc in such soils. Adsorption-desorption parameters have been derived from a quattitative treatment of these phenomena as defined by the Langmuir equation. A supply parameter, , integrating the combined effects of quantity, intensity and buffering capacity has been derived from the adsorption studies. A linear relationship between the supply parameter and cumulative desorption of applied zind in these soils has been noted. The desorption of zinc from these soils is an exponential process. The solubility relationship of zinc is expressed in terms of the theory of simultaneous equilibria of competitive chemical reactions which obviates the necessity of assuming a single physico-chemical model in predicting and relating the activity of zinc in the ambient soil solution and its surface reactivity on solid phases in the immediate vicinity of plant roots to its ultimate transport and uptake by plants. 相似文献
28.
I. S. Bisht K. S. Rao D. C. Bhandari Sunil Nautiyal R. K. Maikhuri B. S. Dhillon 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(7):1333-1350
There is a growing realisation world over that the introduction of modern agriculture has to be supplemented with measures
to conserve biodiversity in situ if yield gains are to be stabilized. Hence, there is a growing interest from agricultural development specialists and conservation
biologists for understanding the socioeconomic factors determining the conservation of biodiversity in situ. The present study was conducted with the objective of understanding the in situ (on-farm) conservation of agrobiodiversity in traditional agroecosystems taking the Urgam valley in north-western Himalaya
of India, as a case study. An inventory was made of traditional crops and wild economic species for subsistence, and the structure
of forest resource base, traditional knowledge related to resource management and use. Institutional and scientific challenges
for in situ (on-farm) management of crop diversity were studied and are discussed in this paper. Complementarity of in situ (on-farm) conservation with ex situ conservation together with crop improvement in such marginal areas are suggested. 相似文献
29.
N. P. S. Dhillon R. Ranjana Kuldeep Singh I. Eduardo A. J. Monforte M. Pitrat N. K. Dhillon P. P. Singh 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1267-1283
Diversity among 36 snapmelon landraces, collected from 2 agro-ecological regions of India (9 agro-climatic sub-regions), was
assayed using RAPD primers, morphological traits of plant habit and fruit, 2 yield-associated traits, pest and disease resistance
and biochemical composition (TSS, ascorbic acid, titrable acidity). Typical differences among accessions were observed in
plant and fruit characteristics and snapmelon germplasm with high titrable acidity and possessing resistance to downy mildew,
Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, Papaya ringspot virus, Aphis gossypii and Meloidogyne incognita was noticed in the collection. RAPD based grouping analysis revealed that Indian snapmelon was rich in genetic variation
and region and sub-region approach should be followed across India for acquisition of additional melon landraces. Accessions
of var. agrestis and var. momordica clustered together and there was a separate cluster of the accessions of var. reticulatus. Comparative analysis of the genetic variability among Indian snapmelons and an array of previously characterized reference
accessions of melon from Spain, Israel, Korea, Japan, Maldives, Iraq, Pakistan and India using SSRs showed that Indian snapmelon
germplasm contained a high degree of unique genetic variability which was needed to be preserved to broaden the genetic base
of melon germplasm available with the scientific community.
N. P. S. Dhillon and Ranjana contributed equally to this work and are considered the first authors. 相似文献
30.
Aida Z. Kebede Baldev S. Dhillon Wolfgang Schipprack Jose L. Araus Marianne Bänziger Kassa Semagn Gregorio Alvarado Albrecht E. Melchinger 《Euphytica》2011,180(2):219-226
For in vivo production of doubled haploid (DH) lines in maize, the rate of haploid induction is of crucial importance. Maternal
haploid induction depends primarily on the inducer used as a pollinator. However, the source germplasm used as a maternal
parent and the environmental conditions for induction may also influence haploid induction and these aspects have not been
examined in tropical maize so far. The objectives of our study were to (i) monitor the variation for haploid induction rate
(HIR) among diverse source germplasm in tropical maize, (ii) determine the relative importance of general (GCA) and specific
(SCA) combining abilities for HIR, and (iii) investigate the influence of summer and winter seasons and genotype × season
interactions on this trait. Ten inbreds were mated in a half diallel design. The resulting 45 F1 single crosses were pollinated with the haploid inducer hybrid RWS × UH400 during the summer 2008 and winter 2009 seasons
in a lowland tropical environment in Mexico. HIR of the single crosses averaged over seasons ranged from 2.90 to 9.66% with
an overall mean of 6.74%. Mean HIR was significantly (P < 0.01) higher during the winter (7.37%) than summer season (6.11%). Significant (P < 0.01) variation was observed due to GCA effects of parental inbreds of single crosses but not for SCA, GCA × season and
SCA × season interactions. Our study underpins that a higher HIR in tropical maize can be obtained by selecting appropriate
source germplasm and undertaking pollination under favorable environmental conditions. 相似文献