高档育肥牛生产技术关键的分析探讨

高档牛肉的生产过程是一个系统工程．它应该包括高档育肥牛的生产及其屠宰加工两大方面。共十个环节。活牛生产的五大环节是：品种、饲料、防疫、管理和环境。屠宰加工的五大环节是：屠宰、预冷、分割（包括精修）、包装和保鲜（贮藏）。无论哪一个环节出了问题都将影响最终产品的质量。     

阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律与灌溉定额

为了给阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)灌溉提供科学依据,利用1984-2013年30年气象数据,采用联合国粮农组织推荐的彭曼-蒙特斯公式法,研究了阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿需水规律和灌溉定额。结果表明,阿鲁科尔沁旗紫花苜蓿第1茬、第2茬、第3茬、第4茬、生长季、非生长季和全年需水量分别为221、187、169、179、755、70和825mm,需水强度分别为4.3、4.7、4.1、2.5、3.7、0.4和2.3 mm·d~(-1),灌溉需水量分别为194、118、66、131、508、56和564mm,灌溉定额分别为228、139、78、154、598、66和664 mm。     

Selection and Evaluation of Indexes Commonly Used to Determine Contamination with T-2 Toxin in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei by the Grey Relational Method

Abstract

The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of the mycotoxin T-2 toxin in feed on muscle performance in the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, evaluate indexes of physiological variables that indicate T-2 toxin contamination in the shrimp using the grey relational method, and determine the dose–response relationships between T-2 toxin and the indexes. Of the 6 physical, 7 biochemical, and 17 nutritional indexes examined, the values of the grey relational coefficients were highest for the hepatopancreas: body weight ratio (HBR), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, and serine (SER) content (0.83, 0.68, and 0.82, respectively). Therefore, the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content were selected as appropriate indexes for contamination of Pacific white shrimp muscle with T-2 toxin. Based on their dose–response relationship curves, mean effective doses of 1.45, 1.69, and 1.33 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of feed were obtained for the HBR, ALT activity, and SER content, respectively. These results offer technical reference points for the evaluation and control of T-2 toxin in shrimp feed.

Received April 28, 2016 accepted April 9, 2017 Published online July 26, 2017     

蜂花粉抗化学性肝损伤研究进展

近年来研究发现蜂花粉具有显著的保肝功效,国内外学者已对此开展了广泛而深入的研究。本文就蜂花粉及活性成分对化学性肝损伤(四氯化碳肝损伤、酒精性肝损伤、氨基半乳糖诱导肝损伤)的作用效果和作用机理等方面的研究进展进行了综述,并对其研究方向和前景进行展望。     

Time-dependent changes of calbindin D-28K and parvalbumin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of rats with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes

The hippocampus is affected by various stimuli that include hyperglycemia, depression, and ischemia. Calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) have protective roles in the response to such stimuli. However, little is known about the expression of CaBPs under diabetic conditions. This study was conducted to examine alterations in the physiological parameters with type 1 diabetes induced with streptozotocin (STZ) as well as time-dependent changes in the expression of two CaBPs changes of were being evaluated. Rats treated with STZ (70 mg/kg) had high blood glucose levels (>21.4 mmol/L) along with increased food intake and water consumption volumes compared to the sham controls. In contrast, body weight of the animals treated with STZ was significantly reduced compared to the sham group. CB-specific immunoreactivity was generally increased in the hippocampal CA1 region and granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG) 2 weeks after STZ treatment, but decreased thereafter in these regions. In contrast, the number of PV-immunoreactive neurons and fibers was unchanged in the hippocampus and DG 2 weeks after STZ treatment. However, this number subsequently decreased over time. These results suggest that CB and PV expression is lowest 3 weeks after STZ administration, and these deficits lead to disturbances in calcium homeostasis.     

新疆边境跨界动物疫病传入风险因素调查

新疆地域辽阔,周边国家动物疫情形势复杂,随时有传入外来动物疫病的危险。调查结果表明新疆接壤国家多且边境线长,地理环境复杂,动物及动物产品贸易频繁,野生动物种类繁多,虽然边界线隔离设施较好,但仍然存在跨界动物疫病传入的风险因素,需要有针对性地强化边境防控措施。     

基于离散元法的旋耕刀三向工作阻力仿真分析与试验

为分析旋耕刀所受三向工作阻力及其变化规律,该文通过实测南方果园土壤颗粒参数,逆向重构旋耕刀三维实体,基于离散元颗粒接触理论,构建了适应南方土质环境的旋耕刀-土壤相互作用仿真模型。土槽扭矩对比试验表明,仿真值与试验值的变化趋势相同,扭矩均随转速增加而变大,最大相对误差10%;扭矩先从0增加到某个最大值,接着逐步减小到一个低值,随后又快速增加到一个高值,最后回落,该变化过程同旋耕刀与土壤之间的接触状态相关。单刀受力仿真分析表明,水平阻力方向与前进方向相同,侧向阻力方向为由刀具弯折区内侧面指向刀体,垂直阻力方向为先垂直土面向上后转为向下;水平阻力和侧向阻力在最大耕深处出现最大值,而垂直阻力在入土后转动约30°时出现最大值;水平阻力和垂直阻力的仿真波形与理论计算、土槽试验结果比照表明,对应曲线的变化趋势基本一致,且仿真结果与土槽试验结果更为接近,水平阻力相对误差为11.3%,垂直阻力相对误差为16.8%;水平阻力最大值大于侧向和垂直方向阻力最大值,水平阻力是功率消耗的主要因素;随着转速的增加,3个方向阻力最大值均增大,当转速高于250 r/min时,增速加快;侧向阻力和垂直阻力随前进速度增加而平稳增大,水平阻力却出现下滑趋势;耕深对三向阻力的影响比较显著,增加耕深会急剧增大三向阻力值。相关试验数据可为旋耕机能耗分析、机体作业振动及刀片磨损等研究提供参考。     

自卸车柔性仿生减粘技术及其应用试验

在柔性非光滑减粘脱附的自卸车模型试验基础上，通过钢链的强度试验，进行了钢链的尺寸设计，开发了二种自卸车柔性仿生减粘技术。现场应用试验结果表明，此种技术具有明显的减粘脱附效果，可使自卸车平均提高技术生产率１９．４％。现场应用亦表明，自卸车柔性内衬具有加工简单，安装方便、成本低、寿命长、易维护等工程化优点。     

真空井点降水联合加固软土地基的施工技术分析

根据工程实际情况,应用真空井点降水联合加固软土地基的施工方法,通过施工沉降观测和理论分析,对真空井点降水联合预压加固软土地基的施工技术及加固有效深度、有效应力的变化问题进行了研究。验证了真空井点降水联合预压加固施工方法在寒区环境的适用性,分析了在该条件下,本施工方法的加固效果和沉降变化规律,为基础设计和工程施工提供参考依据。